BS EN ISO 10545-4-2014 Ceramic tiles Determination of modulus of rupture and breaking strength《瓷砖 破裂模数和破坏的测定》.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 10545-4:2014Ceramic tilesPart 4: Determination of modulus ofrupture and breaking strengthBS EN ISO 10545-4:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO10545-4:2014. It supersedes BS EN ISO 10545-4:2012 which iswithd

2、rawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/539, Ceramic tiles and other rigid tiling.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a

3、contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 81948 3ICS 91.100.23Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the a

4、uthority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 10545-4 July 2014 ICS 91.100.23 Supersedes EN ISO 10545-4:2012English Version Ceramic tiles - Part 4: Determination of

5、modulus of rupture and breaking strength (ISO 10545-4:2014) Carreaux et dalles cramiques - Partie 4: Dtermination de la rsistance la flexion et de la force de rupture (ISO 10545-4:2014) Keramische Fliesen und Platten - Teil 4: Bestimmung der Biegefestigkeit und der Bruchlast (ISO 10545-4:2014) This

6、European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 June 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references c

7、oncerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member

8、 into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Franc

9、e, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOM

10、ITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 10545-4:2014 EBS EN ISO 10545-4:2014EN ISO 10545-4:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO

11、10545-4:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 189 “Ceramic tile” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 67 “Ceramic tiles” the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical

12、 text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held resp

13、onsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 10545-4:2012. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,

14、Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the Un

15、ited Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 10545-4:2014 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 10545-4:2014 without any modification. BS EN ISO 10545-4:2014ISO 10545-4:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Pr

16、inciple 25 Apparatus . 26 Test specimens 27 Procedure. 38 Calculation 39 Test report . 4BS EN ISO 10545-4:2014ISO 10545-4:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Internat

17、ional Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with I

18、SO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Pa

19、rt 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the

20、 elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations re

21、ceived (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs

22、adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 189, Ceramic Tiles, Subcommittee SC , .This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 10545-4:200

23、4), which has been technically revised.ISO 10545 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ceramic Tiles: Part 1: Sampling and basis for acceptance Part 2: Determination of dimensions and surface quality Part 3: Determination of water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent relative d

24、ensity and bulk density Part 4: Determination of modulus of rupture and breaking strength Part 5: Determination of impact resistance by measurement of coefficient of restitution Part 6: Determination of resistance to deep abrasion for unglazed tiles Part 7: Determination of resistance to surface abr

25、asion for glazed tiles Part 8: Determination of linear thermal expansion Part 9: Determination of resistance to thermal shock Part 10: Determination of moisture expansion Part 11: Determination of crazing resistance for glazed tiles Part 12: Determination of frost resistance Part 13: Determination o

26、f chemical resistance Part 14: Determination of resistance to stainsiv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 10545-4:2014ISO 10545-4:2014(E) Part 15: Determination of lead and cadmium given off by glazed tiles Part 16: Determination of small colour differences ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO

27、 10545-4:2014BS EN ISO 10545-4:2014Ceramic tiles Part 4: Determination of modulus of rupture and breaking strength1 ScopeThis part of ISO 10545 specifies a test method for determining the modulus of rupture and breaking strength of all ceramic tiles.NOTE ISO 13006 provides property requirements for

28、tiles and other useful information on these products.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edi

29、tion of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 48:2010, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD)ISO 13006, Ceramic tiles Definitions, classification, characteristics and marking3 Terms and definitionsFor the purpose

30、s of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1breaking loadFforce necessary to cause the test specimen to break, as read from the pressure gaugeNote 1 to entry: See 7.5 and Figure 1.Note 2 to entry: The breaking load is expressed in newtons.3.2breaking strengthSforce obtained by m

31、ultiplying the breaking load by the ratio (span between support rods)/(width of the test specimen)Note 1 to entry: See Formula (1) in Clause 8.Note 2 to entry: The breaking strength is expressed in newtons3.3modulus of ruptureRquantity obtained by dividing the calculated breaking strength by the squ

32、are of the minimum thickness along the broken edgeNote 1 to entry: See Formula (2) in Clause 8.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10545-4:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 10545-4:2014ISO 10545-4:2014(E)Note 2 to entry: The modulus of rupture is expressed in newtons per square millimetre.4 Pri

33、ncipleDetermination of the breaking load, breaking strength, and modulus of rupture of a tile by applying a force at a specified rate to the centre of the tile, the point of application being in contact with the proper surface of the tile.5 Apparatus5.1 Drying oven, capable of being operated at (110

34、 5) C.Microwave, infrared or other drying systems can be used provided that it has been determined that equal results are obtained.5.2 Recording pressure gauge, accurate to 2,0 %.5.3 Two cylindrical support rods, made of metal, the parts in contact with the test specimens being covered with rubber h

35、aving a hardness of (50 5) IRHD, measured in accordance with ISO 48.One rod shall be slightly pivotable (see Figure 2) and the other shall be slightly rotatable about its own axis. See Table 1 for relevant dimensions.5.4 Central cylindrical rod, of the same diameter as the support rods (5.3) and cov

36、ered with the same rubber, for transmission of the load.This rod shall also be slightly pivotable (see Figure 2). See Table 1 for relevant dimensions.Table 1 Diameter of rods, d, thickness of rubber, t, and overlap of tile beyond the edge supports, l1Dimensions of tile,L mmDiameter of rod,dmmThickne

37、ss of rubber,TmmOverlap of tile beyond the edge supports,l1mm18 L 1000 57 Procedure7.1 Remove any loosely adhering particles from the back of all test specimens with a stiff brush. Dry each test specimens in the drying oven (5.1) maintained over 105 C during at least 24 h, and let them cool until th

38、ey reach room temperature. Test specimens shall be tested not later than 3 h after they have reached room temperature.7.2 Place a test specimen on the support rods (5.3), with the glazed or proper surface uppermost so that the test specimen projects by a length l1(see Table 1 and Figure 1) beyond ea

39、ch support rod.7.3 In the case of reversible tiles, such as unglazed ceramic mosaic tiles, it does not matter which side of the tile is uppermost. For extruded tiles, place the test specimen so that the projecting ribs are at right angles to the support rods. For all other rectangular tiles, place t

40、he test specimens so that the longer side, L, is at right angles to the support rods.7.4 For tiles with a relief surface, place a second layer of rubber, of the appropriate thickness given in Table 1, on the central rod (5.4) in contact with the relief surface.7.5 Position the central rod equidistan

41、t between the support rods. Apply the load evenly in such a way as to obtain a rate of increase in stress of (1 0,2) N/mm2per second; the actual rate per second can be calculated by Formula (2) given in Clause 8. Record the breaking load F.8 CalculationUse only the results for test specimens that br

42、eak within a central portion of length equivalent to one third of the distance between the supporting rods to calculate the mean breaking strength and the mean modulus of rupture. A minimum of five acceptable results is necessary to calculate the mean value.If there are fewer than five acceptable re

43、sults, a second sample shall be tested consisting of twice the number of tiles. A minimum of 10 acceptable results is then required to calculate the average value.The breaking strength, S, expressed in newtons, is calculated by means of Formula (1):SFlb=2(1)whereF is the breaking load, expressed in

44、newtons;l2is the span between the support rods (see Figure 1), in mm;b is the width of the test specimen, in mm. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 10545-4:2014ISO 10545-4:2014(E)The modulus of rupture, R, expressed in newtons per square millimetre, is calculated by means of Formula (2):RFlbhSh

45、=3232222(2)whereF is the breaking load, expressed in newtons;l2is the span between the support rods (see Figure 1), in mm;b is the width of the test specimen, in mm;h is the minimum thickness of the test specimen measured after the test along the broken edge, in mm.The calculation of the modulus of

46、rupture is based on a rectangular cross-section. In the case of tiles with variable thickness along the broken edge, approximate results only are produced. The shallower the relief, the more exact are the approximations.Record all individual results.Calculate the mean breaking strength and the mean

47、modulus of rupture of the sample as the mean of the acceptable results.9 Test reportThe test report shall include the following information:a) reference to this part of ISO 10545;b) description of the tiles, including relief surface, if any;c) number of test specimens in the sample;d) the values of

48、d, t, l1, and l2(see Figure 1);e) the breaking load, F, of each test specimen;f) the mean breaking load;g) the breaking strength, S, of each test specimen;h) the mean value of the breaking strength;i) the modulus of rupture, R, of each test specimen;j) the mean value of the modulus of rupture;k) the

49、 note “test performed on cut tiles” when applicable.4 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 10545-4:2014ISO 10545-4:2014(E)Figure 1 Application of load to test specimenFigure 2 Allowable movement of rods ISO 2014 All rights reserved 5This page deliberately left blankThis page deliberately left blankBSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and services.BSI is incorporated by Royal Charter. British Standards and other standardization prod