BS EN ISO 10634-1996 Water quality Guidance for the preparation and treatment of poorly water-soluble organic compounds for the subsequent evaluation of their biodegradability in a.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 10634:1996 BS 6068-5.18: 1996 Water quality Guidance for the preparation and treatment of poorly water-soluble organic compounds for the subsequent evaluation of their biodegradability in an aqueous medium ICS 13.060.40BSENISO10634:1996 This British Standard, having been p

2、repared under the directionof the Health and Environment Sector Board, waspublished under the authorityof the Standards Boardand comes into effect on 15 January 1996 BSI 11-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference EH/3/5 Draft for comment 92/58818 DC

3、 ISBN 0 580 25114 4 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/3, Water quality, to Subcommittee EH/3/5, Biological methods, upon which the following bodies were represented: BLWA Ltd. (The Association of the Labo

4、ratory Supply Industry) Department of Economic Development (Northern Ireland) Department of Health Department of the Environment (Water Directorate) Freshwater Biological Association Institution of Water and Environmental Management Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food National Rivers Authori

5、ty Royal Society of Chemistry Scottish Natural Heritage Soap and Detergent Industry Association Water Research Centre Water Services Association of England and Wales Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSENISO10634:1996 BSI 11-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside

6、front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Introduction 3 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Direct addition 3 4 Ultrasonic dispersion 4 5 Adsorption on an inert support 5 6 Dispersion with an emulsifying agent 6 7 Test report 7 Annex A (informative) Examples of biodegradation curves 8 Figure A.1

7、 Biodegradation curves when diisooctylphthalate is used as the test compound 8 Figure A.2 Biodegradation curves when anthraquinone is used as the test compound 9 List of references Inside back coverBSENISO10634:1996 ii BSI 11-1999 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Subcommi

8、ttee EH/3/5. It is the English language version of ENISO10634:1995 Water quality Guidance for the preparation and treatment of poorly water-soluble organic compounds for the subsequent evaluation of their biodegradability in an aqueous medium published by the European Committee for Standardization (

9、CEN), which endorses ISO10634:1995, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British St

10、andard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard ISO 9408:1991 BS EN 29408:1993 Water quality. Evaluation in an aqueous medium of the “ultimate” aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds: method by determini

11、ng the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer ISO 9439:1990 BS EN 29439:1992 Water quality. Evaluation in an aqueous medium of the “ultimate” aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds: method by analysis of released carbon dioxide Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside

12、 front cover, pages i and ii, theEN ISO title page, pages 2 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EURO

13、PENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 10634 August 1995 ICS 13.060.40 Descriptors: Water, quality, organic compounds, tests, water tests, determination, biogradability, dispersing, general conditions English version Water quality Guidance for the preparation and treatment of poorly water-soluble organic comp

14、ounds for the subsequent evaluation of their biodegradability in an aqueous medium (ISO 10634:1995) Qualit de leau Lignes directrices pour la prearation et le traitement des composs organiques peu solubles dans leau en vue de lvalution de leur biodgradabilit en milieu aqueux (ISO 10634:1995) Wasserb

15、eschaffenheit Anleitung fr die Vorbereitung und Behandlung von in Wasser schwer lslichen organischen Venbindungen fr die nachfolgende Bestimmung ihrer biologischen Abbaubarkeit in einem wrigen Medium (ISO 10634:1995) p This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1995-07-06. CEN members are bound t

16、o comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Centr

17、al Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as t

18、he official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Euro

19、pen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1995 All rights of reproduction and communication in any form and by any means reserved in all countries to CEN and its members. Ref. No. EN ISO 10634:1995 EENISO10634:1995 BSI 11-1999 2 Fore

20、word The text of the International Standard ISO10634:1995 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC147, Water quality, in collaboration with CEN/TC230, Water analysis. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endo

21、rsement, at the latest by February1996, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February1996. According to CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Gree

22、ce, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.ENISO10634:1995 BSI 11-1999 3 Introduction The standardizing work carried out by ISO/TC147/SC5 has shown that the development of a single method for evaluating the biodegradabili

23、ty of organic compounds with a low solubility in water may not be envisaged in the immediate future. In fact, the selection of the most suitable working method to obtain a satisfactory emulsion or dispersion of these compounds in the test media depends particularly on their physico-chemical properti

24、es. Consequently, the selection of the most suitable method has to be left to the judgement of laboratories responsible for the tests based on their experience and the product information supplied by the applicant. It is for this reason that this International Standard describes various techniques f

25、or treating poorly soluble organic compounds before they are investigated in biodegradability tests, with the aim of reaching a stage where, for any given technique, the same working method is used by all laboratories, thus making it easier to compare results. The techniques described in this Intern

26、ational Standard do not necessarily produce the same results if they are used in parallel. The use of solvents and dispersing or emulsifying techniques may be additional sources of errors and may lead to test results which differ from those obtained without using these techniques. Furthermore, dispe

27、rsions or emulsions may be produced which would not exist as such in nature and where the rate and degree of biodegradability is enhanced because very fine particles are present. These facts have to be considered for the evaluation and interpretation of the results of biodegradation tests. It is rec

28、ommended to perform biodegradability tests first, with the direct addition of a test compound, or to perform this test in parallel to tests using dispersion techniques. Normally, only pure or virtually pure compounds should be tested. If mixtures or multi-componental substances are tested, the use o

29、f solvents and dispersion techniques may lead to unrepresentative heterogeneous distributions and to misleading test results in the subsequent biodegradability tests. 1 Scope This International Standard describes four techniques for preparing poorly water-soluble organic compounds and introducing th

30、em into test vessels for a subsequent test on biodegradability in an aqueous medium using standard methods. The test compounds concerned are not sufficiently soluble in water to perform the biodegradability tests in the normal manner, as described in the respective test methods indicated in clause2.

31、 The preparation techniques are as follows: direct addition (clause3): this technique is restricted to non-volatile test compounds if inert supports or solvents are used; ultrasonic dispersion (clause4): this technique may be applied to non-volatile liquid and solid compounds; adsorption on an inert

32、 support (clause5); dispersions or emulsions with an emulsifying agent (clause6). The subsequent tests on biodegradability are primarily methods using the analysis of the released carbon dioxide (see ISO9439) and the determination of the oxygen consumption (seeISO9408). This International Standard d

33、oes not describe the test methods; it is restricted to describing the techniques for introducing the test substances into the test medium and to keep them in a dispersed state. These techniques are implemented while observing the experimental conditions described in the standardized methods for eval

34、uating biodegradability. It should be noted that volatile chemicals may not be tested by the carbon dioxide method specified in ISO9439. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At t

35、he time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO

36、 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 9408:1991, Water quality Evaluation in an aqueous medium of the “ultimate” aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds Method by determining the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer. ISO 9439:1990, Water quality Evaluation in an

37、 aqueous medium of the “ultimate” aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds Method by analysis of released carbon dioxide. 3 Direct addition Any of the following techniques can be used The test compound is weighed and directly introduced into the test vessels which are subjected to continuous ag

38、itation.ENISO10634:1995 4 BSI 11-1999 NOTE 1Some organic compounds which are sparingly soluble in water dissolve more readily when alkali or acid is added. They may be introduced as an acid or alkaline stock solution, provided that no substantial reaction of the test compound takes place. The test m

39、edium is adjusted to neutral before the inoculum is added. The test compound is weighed onto a suitable inert support and introduced into the test vessels which are subjected to continuous agitation. A solution of the test compound is prepared in a volatile organic solvent and is introduced into the

40、 test vessels which are subjected to continuous agitation. The solvent, which shall be used in minimal amounts, is then removed, if possible completely, by agitation before the test medium is added. 3.1 Reagents A volatile organic solvent is selected for its capacity to dissolve the test compound. T

41、he chosen solvent shall not react with the test compound or with any component of the medium. The solvent shall be non-biodegradable and non-toxic to bacteria under the conditions of the subsequent biodegradability tests, especially if it cannot be removed sufficiently. Suitable solvents are acetone

42、 or dichloromethane. 3.2 Apparatus 3.2.1 Inert supports, which may be introduced into the test vessels, e.g.microscope slides. 3.2.2 Stirrers, in sufficient numbers to ensure that all the test vessels used in the respective biodegradability tests can be agitated. Stirrer-rods shall be of such a mate

43、rial that no ingredients of a plastics coat will contaminate the test medium and no adsorption of test compounds will occur. Heating up the test vessels by stirring and raising the test temperature shall be avoided. 3.3 Procedure 3.3.1 Direct addition Test compounds with crystalline structures may b

44、e weighed and directly added to the test vessels. Non-viscous liquid compounds may be added with a high precision volumetric syringe. Test compounds which are sufficiently soluble in water under acidic or alkaline conditions may be introduced as stock solution. Prepare a stock solution of such a tes

45、t compound in deionized water adjusted with inorganic acid or alkali to a sufficiently high or low pH. Add an appropriate amount of the stock solution to the test medium to obtain the desired concentration of the test compound in the test vessels. Measure the pH of the medium and adjust it as necess

46、ary before the inoculum is added. 3.3.2 Using a support Grind solid test compounds as finely as possible before weighing them. Weigh the liquids, including viscous substances, without treatment or, if possible, solidify in liquid nitrogen and grind finely before weighing. Weigh onto the support (3.2

47、.1) a quantity of the compound corresponding to the initial concentation or organic carbon required by the test method to be used. Introduce a support into each of the test vessels, and also introduce a support without the test compound into each of the control vessels. Maintain agitation using the

48、stirrers(3.2.2) throughout the biodegradability test. 3.3.3 Using a solvent Prepare a solution of the test compound in a minimum of the chosen organic solvent(3.1). Introduce, into the test vessels, the quantity of solution needed to obtain the initial concentration of organic carbon required by the

49、 test method used. Introduce the same quantity of the solvent, without any test compound, into each of the control vessels. Evaporate the solvent, if possible completely, by appropriate methods. NOTE 2The test solution may be spread over the base of the test vessels and the system is then purged with gas and/or stirred. The last traces of solvent are difficult to remove. Interferences may occur if the solvent is biodegradable or inhibitory to bacteria. Then carry out the biodegradability test. 4 Ultrasonic dispersion An emu