1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 11699-1:2011Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic filmPart 1: Classification of film systems forindustrial radiography (ISO 11699-1:2008)BS EN ISO 11699-1:201
2、1 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 11699-1:2011. It is identical to ISO 11699-1:2008. It supersedes BS EN 584-1:2006 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/46, Non-destructive testin
3、g.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011 ISBN 978 0 580 74274 3 ICS 19.100; 37.040.25 Compli
4、ance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROP
5、ISCHE NORM EN ISO 11699-1 October 2011 ICS 37.040.25 Supersedes EN 584-1:2006English Version Non-destructive testing - Industrial radiographic film - Part 1: Classification of film systems for industrial radiography (ISO 11699-1:2008) Essais non destructifs - Film pour radiographie industrielle -Par
6、tie 1: Classification des systmes films pour radiographie industrielle (ISO 11699-1:2008) Zerstrungsfreie Prfung - Industrielle Filme fr die Durchstrahlungsprfung - Teil 1: Klassifizierung von Filmsystemen fr die industrielle Durchstrahlungsprfung (ISO 11699-1:2008) This European Standard was approv
7、ed by CEN on 25 September 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationa
8、l standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language
9、 and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
10、 Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
11、2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 11699-1:2011: EBS EN ISO 11699-1:2011EN ISO 11699-1:2011 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 11699-1:2008 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135 “Non-destructive test
12、ing” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 11699-1:2011 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by pu
13、blication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC s
14、hall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 584-1:2006. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulg
15、aria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice
16、 The text of ISO 11699-1:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 11699-1:2011 without any modification. BS EN ISO 11699-1:2011ISO 11699-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
17、 (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
18、governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/
19、IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the me
20、mber bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 11699-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructi
21、ve testing, Subcommittee SC 5, Radiation methods. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11699-1:1998), which has been technically revised. ISO 11699 consists of the following parts, under the general title Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic film: Part 1: Classi
22、fication of film systems for industrial radiography Part 2: Control of film processing by means of reference values BS EN ISO 11699-1:2011BS EN ISO 11699-1:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11699-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic film Part 1: Classi
23、fication of film systems for industrial radiography 1 Scope The purpose of this part of ISO 11699 is to establish the performance of film systems. This part of ISO 11699 is applicable for the classification of film systems in combination with specified lead screens for industrial radiography (non-de
24、structive testing). This part of ISO 11699 is intended to ensure that the image quality of radiographs as far as this is influenced by the film system is in conformity with the requirements of International Standards such as ISO 5579, ISO 17636 and EN 12681. This part of ISO 11699 does not apply to
25、the classification of films used with fluorescent intensifying screens. The measurement of film systems in this part of ISO 11699 is restricted to a selected radiation quality to simplify the procedure. The properties of films will change with radiation energy, but not the ranking of film system qua
26、lity. Additional methods for evaluating the photographic process are described in ISO 11699-2, by which the performance of film systems can be controlled under the conditions given in industry. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this do
27、cument. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 11699-2, Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic films Part 2: Control of film processing by means of reference values I
28、SO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 film system combination of film and film processing which is carried out in accordance with the inst
29、ructions of the film manufacturer and/or the manufacturer of the processing chemicals 3.2 film gradient G slope of the characteristic curve of a film at a specified optical density D BS EN ISO 11699-1:2011ISO 11699-1:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved3.3 granularity Dstochastic density fluctuati
30、ons in the radiograph, superimposed on the image of the object NOTE The limiting values given in this part of ISO 11699 are related to fixed radiation energies and specified screens. 3.4 characteristic curve curve showing the relationship between the common logarithm of exposure log K, and the optic
31、al density D 3.5 specular density quantitative measure of film blackening (optical density) when light passing the optics of a microdensitometer transmits the film 3.6 diffuse density quantitative measure of film blackening (optical density) as determined by a densitometer NOTE It is the sum of all
32、transmitted and scattered light into the half sphere behind the film. 3.7 signal/noise ratio industrial radiography ratio of a local film density to the granularity Dat this density level NOTE It is correlated to the gradient/noise ratio. 3.8 ISO speed S reciprocal value of the dose, Ks, expressed i
33、n Gy, which results in a specified diffuse optical transmission density ()02DD= on the processed film, where D0is the fog and base density: s1SK= (1) 3.9 film system class classification which takes account of limiting values given in Table 1 3.10 gradient/noise ratio G/Dratio of the gradient, G, an
34、d the granularity DNOTE It relates directly to the signal/noise ratio. All further parameters determining the signal, such as the modulation transfer function or the energy of the radiation, are considered to be constant. 4 Sampling and storage For product specification, it is important that the sam
35、ples evaluated yield the average results obtained by users. This will require the evaluation of several different batches periodically under conditions specified in this part of ISO 11699. Prior to evaluation, the samples shall be stored in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations for a len
36、gth of time, in order to simulate the average age at which the product is normally used. The basic objective in selecting and storing samples as described above is to ensure that the film characteristics are representative of those obtained by a consumer at the time of use. BS EN ISO 11699-1:2011ISO
37、 11699-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 35 Test method 5.1 Preparation The film samples shall be exposed to X-rays from tungsten target tubes. Inherent filtration of the tube, together with an additional copper filter located as close to the X-ray tube target as possible, shall provide filtrat
38、ion equivalent to (8,00 0,05) mm of copper. The potential across the X-ray tube shall be adjusted until the half-value-absorption is obtained with (3,5 0,2) mm of copper. A potential of approximately 220 kV generally meets this requirement. The film system shall include a front and a back screen of
39、0,02 mm to 0,04 mm lead. If single coated films are used, the emulsion coated surface shall face the X-ray tube. Good film screen contact shall be ensured. Exercise care to ensure that the film specimen does not contain density variations arising from the exposing equipment (such as non-uniform beam
40、 filters or damaged, or defective lead screens) or processing system. During and after exposure, prior to processing, maintain the film specimen at the temperature of (23 5) C and relative humidity of (50 20) %. The film processing chemicals and procedures shall be the same for determining gradient
41、and granularity, and they shall be used and described completely as specified. Use manufacturer certified film test strips in accordance with ISO 11699-2 to test the specified developer system with the specified immersion time and developer temperature. The speed index Sxshall be within 5 % of the m
42、anufacturers certificate. The developer temperature may differ by 1 C from the certified value to adjust Sxwithin 5 % of the manufacturer certificate value. The obtained Sxand used developer temperature shall be documented in the test report. This test shall be done, on a daily basis, before and aft
43、er the development of the exposed films for classification with the same developer temperature and immersion time. If a manufacturer certificate is not available, film test strips shall be manufactured and calibrated in accordance with ISO 11699-2 by the user. 5.2 Measurement of gradient G Gradient
44、G relates to a D versus log10K curve. Within the scope of this part of ISO 11699, G is calculated from the slope ddDKof a D versus K curve at density 0()D D , i.e. 10 10dddlog log e dD KDGK K= (2) where K is the measured dose, expressed in Gy, required for density 0();DD D0is the measured optical de
45、nsity of an unexposed and processed film including base (fog and base density). The D versus K curve is approximated by a polynomial of third order. To obtain a reliable curve, a series of exposures are made with the same film sample to obtain at least 12 uniformly distributed measuring points cover
46、ing at least density 1,0 and 4,5 above D0. The polynomial approximation shall include all measured values between 1,0 and 4,5. For the numerical approximation (fit procedure) no zero value shall be included. At least six gradient measurements shall be made on different film samples to determine the
47、mean gradient value G. The densitometer used shall be calibrated regularly up to a diffuse density of D W 4,8. For the calibration, a certified film step tablet shall be used. This shall be generated from double sided X-ray film of C3 class or higher (C1 or C2). NOTE Densitometers can have limited a
48、ccuracy for measurements at D 4 and need careful calibration correction in the full range. Small deviations of the density values at D 4 have considerable influence on the accuracy of the value of G at ()04DD= due to the properties of the polynomial approximation procedure. BS EN ISO 11699-1:2011ISO
49、 11699-1:2008(E) 4 ISO 2008 All rights reservedThe mean gradient values shall be determined with a maximum uncertainty of 5 % for the gradient at 2D = above fog and base (G2) at a confidence level of 95 % and 7 % for the gradient at 4D = above fog and base (G4) at a confidence level of 95 %. Measurement laboratories, which certify film systems, shall participate in a proficiency test on a periodical basis. A new film, exposed in accordance with this part of ISO 11699, shall be used in a
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