1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 11771:2010Air quality Determination oftime-averaged mass emissionsand emission factors Generalapproach (ISO 11771:2010)Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STAND
2、ARDS, 18/04/2011 07:40, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 11771:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO11771:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/2/4, General aspects.A list of organizations repre
3、sented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 58344 5ICS 13.040.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer im
4、munity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/04/2011 07:40, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) B
5、SIEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 11771 December 2010 ICS 13.040.01 English Version Air quality - Determination of time-averaged mass emissions and emission factors - General approach (ISO 11771:2010) Qualit de lair - Dtermination de la moyenne temporelle des missions massiq
6、ues et des facteurs dmission - Approche gnrale (ISO 11771:2010) Luftbeschaffenheit - Ermittlung von zeitlich gemittelten Massenemissionen und Emissionsfaktoren - Allgemeine Vorgehensweise (ISO 11771:2010) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 November 2010. CEN members are bound to comply
7、 with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC M
8、anagement Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
9、 status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Por
10、tugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any mean
11、s reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 11771:2010: ELicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/04/2011 07:40, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 11771:2010EN ISO 11771:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 11771:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committ
12、ee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 146 “Air quality”. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2011,
13、 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Acc
14、ording to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, I
15、taly, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/04/2011 07:40, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 11771:2010ISO 11771:2010(E)
16、ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Terms and definitions .2 3 Symbols and abbreviated terms 3 4 Principle .3 5 Determination of mass emission rates .4 5.1 Planning .4 5.2 Measurements .5 5.3 Calculation of mass emission rates 6 5.4 Determination of ti
17、me-averaged mass emission rates7 5.5 Uncertainty estimation7 6 Activity data .9 6.1 Collection of activity data.9 6.2 Activity data uncertainty.9 7 Determination of time-averaged mass emission factors 10 7.1 General .10 7.2 Calculating the time-averaged emission factor .10 7.3 Uncertainty of the tim
18、e-averaged emission factor.10 7.4 Aggregating emission factors11 7.5 Uncertainty estimation of aggregates of emission factors.11 8 Quality management system requirements11 9 Reporting12 9.1 General .12 9.2 Test report12 Annex A (normative) Minimum requirements for the measurement plan.13 Annex B (in
19、formative) Example of uncertainty estimation.16 Annex C (informative) Data manipulation.21 Bibliography22 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/04/2011 07:40, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 11771:2010ISO 11771:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the Internat
20、ional Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has bee
21、n established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical stand
22、ardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for
23、 voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
24、 such patent rights. ISO 11771 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 264, Air quality, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 4, General aspects, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperatio
25、n between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/04/2011 07:40, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 11771:2010ISO 11771:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved vIntroduction This Intenational Standard describes the measurement procedures necessary to d
26、etermine the mass emission of substances from stationary sources. Empirically generated data are necessary to determine the uncertainty that can be associated with a stated result and to enable the verification of emission measurement reports. This Intenational Standard also describes the measuremen
27、t procedures necessary to determine emission factors. An emission factor is a value that relates the quantity of a pollutant released with an activity associated with the release of that pollutant. Emission factors are useful when the operational conditions and time period for which they are represe
28、ntative is known. Emission factors are used to calculate and report mass emissions for both emission inventory and non-inventory uses. Inventory uses can include: emission trading; compiling polluting release and transfer registers; air quality modelling; air quality management; compliance with nati
29、onal emission limits. Non-inventory uses can include: developing site-specific emission estimates; developing control strategies; risk assessments; deciding appropriate permit limits. The most commonly used methodology for compiling an emission inventory is to combine information on the extent to wh
30、ich an activity takes place (quantified by activity data a) with representative values of the emissions or removals per unit activity, called emission factor F. The basic equation providing the emission as a mass emission rate m is given by based on a limited number of emission measurements; represe
31、ntative of a restricted period of process operating time; representative of a limited range of process operating conditions; representative of a limited sample of process units commonly used. Emission factors are numerical estimates with uncertainties that can include systematic and random component
32、s, e.g. measurement uncertainty, fluctuations in pollutant emission control efficiency, and variability in process operation. The numerical uncertainty associated with a particular emission factor, for a single source, can be estimated provided that there is sufficient, high quality, source test dat
33、a to estimate statistically the underlying variability of the more important influencing factors. Uncertainty also arises from the use of an emission factor applicable to one activity, process, technology or installation being used to represent a situation for which it is unsuitable. In many cases,
34、it is not possible to quantify the uncertainty introduced through inappropriate use of emission factors, and this situation is discouraged. Emission factors should be used with caution. Alternative means exist for estimating emissions that can be more appropriate under some circumstances. A material
35、 balance can provide an adequate quantification of emissions in situations where a high percentage of material is lost to the atmosphere (e.g. carbon and sulfur in fuel, solvent loss in an uncontrolled coating process). Material or mass balance determinations can also account for fugitive emissions
36、not easily measured otherwise. In contrast, material balances may be inappropriate where material is consumed or chemically combined in the process, or where losses to the atmosphere are a small portion of the total process throughput. Data from frequent and representative source-specific emissions
37、measurements or continuous emission monitoring systems can provide measures of actual pollutant emissions from a source. Site-specific measurement data from a limited number of emissions measurements, while improving the certainty of the emission data, represent only the conditions existing at the t
38、ime of the testing or monitoring. To improve the estimate of longer-term (e.g. daily, monthly, yearly) emissions, conditions under which tests occur should be representative of the sources expected range of operations. NOTE 2 Even in the absence of representative source-specific data, emission infor
39、mation from process control technique and abatement system vendors, particularly emission performance guarantees or emission measurement data from similar equipment can still be a better source of information than source-category emission factors. This International Standard requires the use of supp
40、orting standards not all of which are yet available. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/04/2011 07:40, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 11771:2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11771:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Air quality Determination of time-averaged mass emissions
41、 and emission factors General approach 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a generic method for the determination and the reporting of time-averaged mass emissions from a specific installation or of a family of installations (or common source type), using data collected by measurements, an
42、d by establishing: mass emission rates by the simultaneous measurement of concentration and gas flow, using standardized manual or automatic methods, and also the estimation of the uncertainty of the measurements; time-averaged mass emission rates using time series of mass emission rate values, thei
43、r uncertainty characteristics, and also the determination of the expanded uncertainty of the average; time-averaged emission factors for a specific installation or of a family of installations and their associated uncertainty characteristics; a quality management system to assist the process of inve
44、ntory quality assurance and verification. This International Standard is applicable to the determination of emission factors for stationary sources including emissions from industrial processes where calculation from fuel and raw material is not practical, for greenhouse gases, and air pollutants in
45、cluding fine particulate material. This International Standard does not address compliance monitoring in the context of emission control regulations. This International Standard requires the use of measurement-based methods and calculation-based methods that use measurement data. It covers the plann
46、ing and execution of the measurement programme to collect data, selection of sampling methods, calculation of results, estimation of uncertainty, determination of emission factors, and the reporting of information in a form that enables users to apply them. This International Standard specifies how
47、to: generate time-averaged mass emission rate data of a known quality, for a defined period of time, and a documented set of operational conditions; generate complete data sets representative of a known time period (i.e. a calendar year) by filling gaps in mass emission rate data series and combinin
48、g data sets numerically; NOTE 1 Time series data can be available for only a limited elapsed period (i.e. weeks, months, or years) and can be available only for a discrete process whereas inventories can be necessary which average over a different period (i.e. for a calendar year). calculate emissio
49、n factors for a known time period; calculate time-averaged emission factors of a known quality for a known source type. The measurement of emissions from vehicular, area or fugitive sources is not specifically covered. However, this International Standard can be used for quantification of emission factors for those sources provided that measurements of emissions are available. NOTE 2 Emission fluxes from fugitive and area sources can be directly measured using optical open-path techniques. The results from th
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