BS EN ISO 12213-1-2009 Natural gas - Calculation of compression factor - Introduction and guidelines《天然气 压缩因子的计算 导论和指南》.pdf

1、BS EN ISO12213-1:2009ICS 75.060NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDNatural gas Calculation ofcompression factorPart 1: Introduction and guidelines(ISO 12213-1:2006)This British Standardwas published underthe authority of theStandards Policy andStrate

2、gy Committee on 30September 2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 67146 3Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN ISO 12213-1:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO12213-1:2009. It is identical to ISO 12213-1:2006. It supersedes BS ENISO 12213-1:2

3、005 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/15, Natural gas and gas analysis.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary prov

4、isionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 12213-1 September 2009 ICS 75.060 Supersedes EN ISO 12213-1:2005English Version Natural gas

5、- Calculation of compression factor - Part 1: Introduction and guidelines (ISO 12213-1:2006) Gaz naturel - Calcul du facteur de compression - Partie 1: Introduction et lignes directrices (ISO 12213-1:2006) Erdgas - Berechnung von Realgasfaktoren - Teil 1: Einfhrung und Leitfaden (ISO 12213-1:2006) T

6、his European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 August 2009. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical refer

7、ences concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member

8、into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Lat

9、via, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Bruss

10、els 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 12213-1:2009: EBS EN ISO 12213-1:2009EN ISO 12213-1:2009 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 12213-1:2006 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 193 “Natural gas” of

11、the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 12213-1:2009. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2010, and conflicting national standa

12、rds shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 12

13、213-1:2005. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irel

14、and, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 12213-1:2006 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 12213-1:2009 without any modification. BS EN I

15、SO 12213-1:2009ISO 12213-1:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 2 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 General principles. 4 5 Guidelines 5 5.1 Pipeline quality natural gases . 5 5.2 Other gases and other applications 8 Annex A (normative) Sy

16、mbols and units. 11 Annex B (informative) Computer program. 12 Bibliography . 13 BS EN ISO 12213-1:2009ISO 12213-1:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The

17、work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-gover

18、nmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. Th

19、e main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote

20、. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 12213-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 193, Natural gas, Subcommittee SC 1, Analysi

21、s of natural gas. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 12213-1:1997), of which it constitutes a minor revision (the year of publication of Reference 5 in the Bibliography has been corrected). ISO 12213 consists of the following parts, under the general title Natural gas Ca

22、lculation of compression factor: Part 1: Introduction and guidelines Part 2: Calculation using molar-composition analysis Part 3: Calculation using physical properties BS EN ISO 12213-1:2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12213-1:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1Natural gas Calculation of compressio

23、n factor Part 1: Introduction and guidelines 1 Scope ISO 12213 specifies methods for the calculation of compression factors of natural gases, natural gases containing a synthetic admixture and similar mixtures at conditions under which the mixture can exist only as a gas. It is divided into three pa

24、rts: this part of ISO 12213 gives an introduction and provides guidelines for the methods of calculation described in ISO 12213-2 and ISO 12213-3. Part 2 gives a method for use where the detailed molar composition of the gas is known. Part 3 gives a method for use where a less detailed analysis, com

25、prising superior calorific value (volumetric basis), relative density, carbon dioxide content and (if non-zero) hydrogen content, is available. Both methods are applicable to dry gases of pipeline quality within the range of conditions under which transmission and distribution, including metering fo

26、r custody transfer or other accounting purposes, are normally carried out. In general, such operations take place at temperatures between about 263 K and 338 K (approximately 10 C to 65 C) and pressures not exceeding 12 MPa (120 bar). Within this range, the uncertainty of prediction of both methods

27、is about 0,1 % provided that the input data, including the relevant pressure and temperature, have no uncertainty. NOTE Pipeline quality gas is used in this International Standard as a concise term for gas which has been processed so as to be suitable for use as industrial, commercial or domestic fu

28、el. Although there is no formal international agreement upon the composition and properties of a gas which complies with this concept, some quantitative guidance is provided in 5.1.1. A detailed gas quality specification is usually a matter for contractual arrangements between buyer and seller. The

29、method given in Part 2 is also applicable (with increased uncertainty) to broader categories of natural gas, including wet or sour gases, within a wider range of temperatures and to higher pressures, for example for reservoir or underground storage conditions or for vehicular (NGV) applications. The

30、 method given in Part 3 is applicable to gases with a higher content of nitrogen, carbon dioxide or ethane than normally found in pipeline quality gas. The method may also be applied over wider ranges of temperature and pressure but with increased uncertainty. For the calculation methods described t

31、o be valid, the gas must be above its water and hydrocarbon dewpoints at the prescribed conditions. This International Standard gives all of the equations and numerical values needed to implement both methods. It is planned to make verified computer programs available (see Annex B). BS EN ISO 12213-

32、1:2009ISO 12213-1:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (inclu

33、ding any amendments) applies. ISO 6976, Natural gas Calculation of calorific values, density, relative density and Wobbe index from composition ISO 13443, Natural gas Standard reference conditions 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of the various parts of this International Standard, the follo

34、wing terms and definitions apply. 3.1 compression factor Z ratio of the volume of an arbitrary mass of gas, at a specified pressure and temperature, to the volume of the same mass of gas under the same conditions as calculated from the ideal-gas law, as follows: Z = Vm(real)/Vm(ideal) (1) where Vm(i

35、deal) = RT/p (2) NOTE 1 Thus Z(p, T, y) = pVm(p, T, y)/(RT) (3) where p is the absolute pressure; T is the thermodynamic temperature; y is a set of parameters which uniquely characterizes the gas (in principle, the latter may be the complete molar composition or a distinctive set of dependent physic

36、o-chemical properties, or a mixture of both); Vmis the molar volume of the gas; R is the molar gas constant, in coherent units. NOTE 2 The compression factor is a dimensionless quantity usually close to unity. NOTE 3 The terms “compressibility factor” and “Z-factor” are synonymous with compression f

37、actor. 3.2 density mass of a given quantity of gas divided by its volume at specified conditions of pressure and temperature 3.3 molar composition term used when the proportion of each component in a homogeneous mixture is expressed as a mole (or molar) fraction, or mole (molar) percentage, of the w

38、hole BS EN ISO 12213-1:2009ISO 12213-1:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 3NOTE 1 Thus the mole fraction xiof component i is the ratio of the number of moles of component i in a given volume of a mixture to the total number of moles of all the components in the same volume of the mixture. One mole

39、 of any chemical species is the amount of substance which contains the relative molecular mass in grams. A table of recommended values of relative molecular masses is given in ISO 6976. NOTE 2 For an ideal gas, the mole fraction (or percentage) is identical to the volume fraction (or percentage), bu

40、t this is not in general a sufficiently accurate approximation to real-gas behaviour for the purposes of this International Standard. 3.4 molar calorific value H amount of heat which would be released by the complete combustion in air of the hydrocarbons in one mole of natural gas in such a way that

41、 the pressure at which the reaction takes place remains constant and all the products of combustion are returned to the same specified temperature as that of the reactants, all of these products being in the gaseous state except for water formed by combustion, which is condensed to the liquid state

42、at the specified temperature NOTE 1 The molar calorific value only includes the hydrocarbons in the natural gas, i.e. inert components (primarily nitrogen, carbon dioxide and helium) and other combustible components (such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide) are excluded. NOTE 2 The specified temperatur

43、e is 298,15 K (25 C) and the reference pressure is 101,325 kPa. NOTE 3 The term “molar heating value” is synonymous with “molar calorific value”. 3.5 superior calorific value (volumetric basis) HSamount of heat which would be released by the complete combustion in air of all the combustible componen

44、ts in unit volume of natural gas in such a way that the pressure at which the reaction takes place remains constant and all the products of combustion are returned to the same specified temperature as that of the reactants, all of these products being in the gaseous state except for water formed by

45、combustion, which is condensed to the liquid state at the specified temperature NOTE 1 The superior calorific value includes all the combustible components in the natural gas. NOTE 2 The reference temperature at which the volume is measured is 273,15 K (0 C) and the specified temperature at which co

46、mbustion takes place is 298,15 K (25 C). The reference pressure is 101,325 kPa. NOTE 3 Annex D of ISO 12213-3:2006 gives conversion factors which enable superior calorific values and relative densities determined at other reference or specified temperatures, and other reference pressures, including

47、the ISO standard reference conditions (see ISO 13443), to be used as input data for the calculation method described. NOTE 4 The terms “gross”, “higher”, “upper” and “total calorific value” and “heating value” are synonymous with “superior calorific value”. 3.6 relative density d ratio of the mass o

48、f a given volume of natural gas to the mass of dry air of standard composition which would be contained in the same volume at the same reference conditions of pressure and temperature NOTE 1 The relative density includes all the components of the natural gas. NOTE 2 The standard composition of dry a

49、ir is given in ISO 6976. NOTE 3 In this International Standard, the reference temperature is 273,15 K (0 C) and the reference pressure is 101,325 kPa (see Note 3 to 3.5). NOTE 4 The term “specific gravity” is synonymous with “relative density”. BS EN ISO 12213-1:2009ISO 12213-1:2006(E) 4 ISO 2006 All rights reserved3.7 uncertainty of a predicted compression factor Z range of values Z Z to Z + Z within which the (unknown) true value is expected to lie with a confidence level of 95 % NOTE 1 This uncertainty may be expressed