1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Youngs modulus (MOE) by impulse excitation of vibrationThe European Standard EN ISO 12680-1:2007 ha
2、s the status of a British StandardICS 81.080Methods of test for refractory products Part 1: Determination of dynamic BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 12680-1:2007Incorporating amendment no. 1 (renumbers BS ISO 12680-1:2005 as BS EN ISO 12680-1:2007)BS EN ISO 12680-1:2007This British Standard was published
3、under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2006 BSI 2007ISBN 0 580 48599 4Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Comments17038 30 March 2007 Renumbers BS ISO 12680-1:2005 as BS EN ISO 12680-1:2007Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity f
4、rom legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN ISO 12680-1:2007. It is identical with ISO 12680-1:2005.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/1, Refractories.A list of organizations repres
5、ented on RPI/1 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 12680-1February 2007ICS 81.080English VersionMe
6、thods of test for refractory products - Part 1: Determination ofdynamic Youngs modulus (MOE) by impulse excitation ofvibration (ISO 12680-1:2005)Mthodes dessai pour produits rfractaires - Partie 1:Dtermination du module de Young dynamique (MOE) parexcitation de vibration par impulsion (ISO 12680-1:2
7、005)Verfahren zur Prfung von feuerfesten Erzeugnissen - Teil1: Bestimmung des dynamischen E-Moduls durchSchwingungs-Impulsanregung (ISO 12680-1:2005)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 February 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate
8、 the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists
9、in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies
10、of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN
11、COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 12680-1:2007: EForeword The text
12、 of ISO 12680-1:2005 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 33 “Refractories” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 12680-1:2007 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 187 “Refractory products and materials“, the secretariat of which is held by
13、 BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulat
14、ions, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherl
15、ands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 12680-1:2005 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 12680-1:2007 without any modifications. EN ISO 12680-1:2007Reference numberISO 12680-1:2005(E)INTERNATIONAL S
16、TANDARD ISO12680-1First edition2005-06-15Methods of test for refractory products Part 1: Determination of dynamic Youngs modulus (MOE) by impulse excitation of vibration Mthodes dessai pour produits rfractaires Partie 1: Dtermination du module de Young dynamique (MOE) par excitation de vibration par
17、 impulsion EN ISO 12680-1:2007ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Principle. 2 5 Significance and use 3 6 Apparatus 3 7 Sampling 5 8 Test specimens . 5 9 Procedure 5 10 Calculations. 7 11 Test report . 10 Annex A (informative) Factors a
18、ffecting accuracy of determinations 11 EN ISO 12680-1:2007iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical commi
19、ttees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the I
20、nternational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft Internationa
21、l Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the
22、 subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 12680-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 33, Refractories. ISO 12680 consists of the following parts, under the general title Methods of test for refractory products: Part 1: Det
23、ermination of dynamic Youngs modulus (MOE) by impulse excitation of vibration The following part is under preparation: Part 2: Determination of static modulus of elasticity EN ISO 12680-1:20071Methods of test for refractory products Part 1: Determination of dynamic Youngs modulus (MOE) by impulse ex
24、citation of vibration 1 Scope This part of ISO 12680 specifies a method for determining the dynamic Youngs modulus of rectangular cross-section bars and circular cross-section specimens of refractories by impulse excitation of vibration. The dynamic Youngs modulus is determined using the resonant fr
25、equency of the specimen in its flexural mode of vibration. NOTE Although not specifically described in this part of ISO 12680, this method can also be used at high temperatures with suitable equipment modification. This part of ISO 12680 does not address the safety issues associated with its use. It
26、 is the responsibility of the users of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, t
27、he latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5022:1979, Shaped refractory products Sampling and acceptance testing ISO 8656-1:1988, Refractory products Sampling of raw materials and unshaped products Part 1: Sampling scheme 3 Terms and definitions For the purp
28、oses of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 modulus of elasticity MOE ratio of stress to strain below the proportional limit 3.2 proportional limit greatest stress which a material is capable of sustaining without deviation from proportionality of stress to strain (Hookes L
29、aw) 3.3 anti-nodes locations, generally two or more, of local maximum displacement in an unconstrained slender bar or rod in resonance NOTE For the fundamental flexural resonance, the anti-nodes are located at the two ends and the centre of the specimen. EN ISO 12680-1:20072 3.4 flexural vibrations
30、displacements in a slender rod or bar in the plane normal to its length 3.5 homogeneous uniform composition, density and texture NOTE A result of homogeneity is that any smaller specimen taken from the original is representative of the whole. In refractory practice, as long as the geometrical dimens
31、ions of the specimen are large with respect to the size of individual grains, crystals, components, pores and microcracks, the body can be considered homogeneous. 3.6 in-plane flexure, noun flexural mode for rectangular parallelepiped geometry specimens in which the direction of the displacement is
32、in the major plane of the specimen 3.7 isotropic, adj. condition of a specimen such that the values of the elastic properties are the same in all directions in the specimen 3.8 nodes location on a slender rod or bar in resonance having a constant zero displacement NOTE For the fundamental flexural r
33、esonance of such a rod or bar, the nodes are located at 0,224 L from each end, where L is the length of the specimen. 3.9 out-of-plane flexure flexural mode for rectangular parallelepiped geometry specimens in which the direction of the displacement is perpendicular to the major plane of the specime
34、n 3.10 resonant frequency natural frequencies of vibration of a body driven into flexural vibration NOTE Resonant frequencies are determined by the elastic modulus, mass and dimensions of the specimen. The lowest resonant frequency in a vibrational mode is the fundamental resonant frequency of that
35、mode. 3.11 slender rod slender bar specimen whose ratio of length to minimum cross-section thickness or diameter is at least 5 NOTE This applies to dynamic elastic property testing. 4 Principle A test specimen of suitable geometry is excited mechanically with a single elastic strike of an impulse to
36、ol, called a hammer, and its fundamental resonant frequency is determined. A transducer (e.g. contact accelerometer or non-contacting microphone) senses the mechanical vibrations in the specimen resulting from the excitation and transforms the vibrations into electrical signals. Specimen supports, i
37、mpulse locations and signal pick-up points are selected to induce and measure a specific mode of transient vibrations, i.e. the flexural mode. The signals are analysed and a signal analyser that provides data about the frequency and/or the period of the specimens vibration determines the fundamental
38、 resonant frequency. The appropriate fundamental resonant frequency, dimensions and mass of the specimen are used to calculate the dynamic Youngs modulus. EN ISO 12680-1:200735 Significance and use This test method may be used for refractory characterization, development and quality control purposes
39、. This test method is appropriate for determining the modulus of elasticity of refractory bodies that are homogeneous in nature. This method addresses the determination of the dynamic moduli of elasticity of slender rectangular bars and cylindrical rods. This test method is non-destructive in use so
40、 it may be used on specimens prepared for other tests. The specimens are subjected to only minute strains; hence the moduli are measured at or near the origin of the stress-strain curve with a minimum possibility of specimen fracture. The test provides options for variations in test specimen sizes a
41、nd procedure to accommodate most refractory compositions and textures. The impulse excitation test method utilizes an impact tool (hammer) and simple supports for the test specimen. This test method is not suitable for specimens with major cracks or voids. This test method is limited to determining
42、moduli of specimens with regular geometries, such as rectangular parallelepipeds and cylinders, for which analytical equations are available to relate geometry, mass and modulus to the resonant vibration frequency. The analytical equations assume parallel or concentric dimensions for the geometry of
43、 the specimens. Deviations in the dimensions of the specimens will introduce errors in the calculations and in the results of the tests. Uneven or excessively rough surfaces of as-formed specimens can have a significant effect on the accuracy of the determination. The dynamic modulus value is invers
44、ely proportional to the cube of the thickness so the thickness variation is significant. This test method assumes that the specimen is vibrating freely with no significant restraint or impediment. Specimen supports should be designed and located so the specimen can vibrate freely in the proper mode.
45、 6 Apparatus 6.1 Excitation apparatus This apparatus is used to excite vibrations in the test specimens and then accurately detect, analyse and measure the fundamental resonant frequency or period of a vibrating beam. Figure 1 shows a block diagram of such an apparatus. It consists of a small hammer
46、, a suitable pickup transducer to convert the mechanical vibrations into electrical signals, an electronic signal analyser system consisting of a signal conditioner/amplifier, a signal analyser and a frequency read-out device 1). 1) An example of a suitable instrument is the Grindosonic instrument,
47、manufactured by J.W. Lemmens, Inc., 3466 Bridgeland Drive, Suite 230, St. Louis MO, 63044-2602 USA. This information is given for the convenience of users of this part of ISO 12680 and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this equipment. EN ISO 12680-1:20074 Key 1 numerical display of the me
48、asured frequency 2 read-out device 3 signal amplifier 4 frequency analyser 5 transducer 6 impulser 7 test specimen 8 support system 9 electrical system Figure 1 Block diagram of typical test apparatus 6.2 Striker hammer The hammer shall have a mass sufficient to induce a measurable mechanical vibrat
49、ion in the test specimen but shall be not large enough to physically displace or damage the test specimen. A typical small hammer is shown in Figure 2. Larger specimens may require larger striker hammers. NOTE The size of the striker hammer depends on the size and physical properties of the specimens to be tested. Key 1 flexible polymer rod 2 steel or other hard metal ball Figure 2 Typical design for striker hammer 6.3 Signal pickup The excited vibrational signals in the test specimens are detected by trans
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