BS EN ISO 12782-2-2012 Soil quality Parameters for geochemical modelling of leaching and speciation of constituents in soils and materials Extraction of crystalline iron oxides and.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 12782-2:2012Soil quality Parametersfor geochemical modellingof leaching and speciationof constituents in soils andmaterialsPart 2: Extraction of crystalline iron oxides

2、and hydroxides with dithioniteBS EN ISO 12782-2:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO12782-2:2012.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/4, Soil quality.A list of organizations represented on this commit

3、tee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 66912 5ICS 13.080.05Co

4、mpliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM E

5、N ISO 12782-2 June 2012 ICS 13.080.05 English Version Soil quality - Parameters for geochemical modelling of leaching and speciation of constituents in soils and materials - Part 2: Extraction of crystalline iron oxides and hydroxides with dithionite (ISO 12782-2:2012) Qualit du sol - Paramtres pour

6、 la modlisation gochimique de la lixiviation et de la spciation des constituants des sols et des matriaux - Partie 2: Extraction des oxydes et hydroxydes de fer cristallin avec le dithionite (ISO 12782-2:2012) Bodenbeschaffenheit - Parameter zur geochemischen Modellierung der Elution und Speziation

7、von Bestandteilen in Bden und Materialien - Teil 2: Extraktion von Eisenoxiden und -hydroxiden mittels Dithionit (ISO 12782-2:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 31 May 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for

8、giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three

9、official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodie

10、s of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and Uni

11、ted Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 12782-2

12、:2012: EBS EN ISO 12782-2:2012EN ISO 12782-2:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 12782-2:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This Europ

13、ean Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the el

14、ements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this

15、European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,

16、Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 12782-2:2012 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 12782-2:2012 without any modification. BS EN ISO 12782-2:2012ISO 12782-2:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope 12 Normative references .

17、 13 Terms and definitions . 24 Principle . 25 Apparatus 36 Reagents 37 Sample pretreatment 47.1 Sample size . 47.2 Particle size reduction . 47.3 Determination of the water content 58 Procedure 58.1 Preparation of the extraction solution . 58.2 Extraction 58.3 Analytical determination . 59 Calculati

18、on 610 Expression of results . 611 Test report . 6Annex A (informative) Conditions regarding centrifugation . 7Bibliography .10BS EN ISO 12782-2:2012ISO 12782-2:2012(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member

19、bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental

20、and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives

21、, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies cas

22、ting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 12782-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC

23、7, Soil and site assessment.ISO 12782 consists of the following parts, under the general title Soil quality Parameters for geochemical modelling of leaching and speciation of constituents in soils and materials: Part 1: Extraction of amorphous iron oxides and hydroxides with ascorbic acid Part 2: Ex

24、traction of crystalline iron oxides and hydroxides with dithionite Part 3: Extraction of aluminium oxides and hydroxides with ammonium oxalate/oxalic acid Part 4: Extraction of humic substances from solid samples Part 5: Extraction of humic substances from aqueous samplesiv ISO 2012 All rights reser

25、vedBS EN ISO 12782-2:2012ISO 12782-2:2012(E)IntroductionIn addition to leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological testing of soil and other materials including waste, predictive models are becoming indispensable tools in the environmental risk assessment of these materials. Mod

26、els are particularly required when the results of laboratory leaching tests are to be translated to specific scenarios in the field, with regard to assessing the risks of both contaminant migration and bioavailability.In the past few years, geochemical models have been shown to be valuable tools to

27、be combined with the data obtained from characterization leaching standards, such as pH-dependence and percolation tests. These models have the advantage of being based on fundamental thermodynamic parameters that have general validity. In order to enable extrapolation of laboratory leaching data to

28、 the mobility and/or bioavailability of a constituent in a specific field scenario, these models require additional input parameters for specific soil properties (see Figure 1).Key1 experiment2 geochemical speciation modelling3 available metal concentration4 dissolved humic substances5 reactive (sol

29、id) surfaces6 database with stability constants7 computer program8 assumptionsFigure 1 Relationships between experimental data, as obtained from laboratory leaching/extraction tests, and geochemical modelling of the speciation of a heavy metal in the environment (modified after M. Gfeller this porti

30、on of material, resulting from the laboratory sample by means of an appropriate method of sample pre-treatment, and having the size (volume/mass) necessary for the desired testing or analysisNOTE Adapted from ISO 11074:2005.3.4test portionanalytical portionquantity of material, of proper size, for m

31、easurement of the concentration or other property of interest, removed from the test sampleNOTE 1 The test portion may be taken from the primary sample or from the laboratory sample directly if no preparation of sample is required (e.g. with liquids), but usually it is taken from the prepared test s

32、ample.NOTE 2 A unit or increment of proper homogeneity, size, and fineness, needing no further preparation, may be a test portion.ISO 11074:20053.5materialexcavated soil, dredged material, manufactured soil, treated soil and fill material, and other relevant materials, including soil amendments and

33、waste materials4 PrincipleThe extraction principle is based mainly on the reduction of Fe(III) phases to the more soluble Fe(II) phases, as well as on the complexing affinity of the chemicals to extract iron from crystalline materials5. The amount of crystalline iron (hydr)oxides is determined by th

34、e present dithionite extraction minus the amount of amorphous iron (hydr)oxides as obtained from ascorbate extraction, in accordance with ISO 12782-1, and possible other 2 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 12782-2:2012ISO 12782-2:2012(E)reactive iron phases extracted with the dithionite extracti

35、on that may be important in specific materials such as acid volatile sulfides (AVS) and silicates.The extraction is operationally defined as that which obtains total reactive iron (all crystalline and amorphous Fe(III) oxide phases, AVS, and iron-containing silicates which are possibly amorphous)5.

36、The extraction dissolves only a small amount of iron-containing silicates5, and AVS generally comprises only a minor fraction, even in salt marsh sediments5. The contribution of iron phases other than amorphous and crystalline oxides and hydroxides may therefore be assumed to be low in most natural,

37、 oxidized and transition-zone systems such as soils.5 ApparatusThe following apparatus shall be used. All materials that come in contact with the sample (material or reagents) should not contaminate the compounds to be determined or adsorb the compounds of interest.5.1 Centrifuge tubes, e.g. polycar

38、bonate, of appropriate size, rinsed in accordance with ISO 5667-3.5.2 Centrifuge, preferably at 3 000g. For other appropriate conditions, see Annex A.5.3 Water bath rotary shaker, adjustable to 60 C.NOTE Other shaking methods can be used provided they can be shown to provide equivalent results.5.4 F

39、ilter holders for syringes, 0,2 m, cellulose acetate, diameter 30 mm, cleaned with at least 10 ml of distilled water before use.5.5 Usual laboratory glass or plastic ware, rinsed in accordance with ISO 5667-3.5.6 Plastic syringe, 50 ml, rinsed in accordance with ISO 5667-3.5.7 Balance, with an accur

40、acy of at least 1 mg.5.8 Sieving equipment, with a nominal screen size of 2 mm or 4 mm.NOTE Due to sieving, contamination of the sample may occur to an extent which affects the leaching of some constituents of concern, e.g. cobalt and tungsten from tungsten carbide equipment or chromium, nickel and

41、molybdenum from stainless-steel equipment.5.9 Sample splitter, for sub-sampling of laboratory samples (optional).5.10 Crushing equipment: jaw crusher or cutting device.NOTE Due to crushing, contamination of the sample may occur to an extent which affects the leaching of some constituents of concern,

42、 e.g. cobalt and tungsten from tungsten carbide equipment or chromium, nickel and molybdenum from stainless-steel equipment.5.11 pH-meter, with a measurement accuracy of at least 0,05 pH units.6 ReagentsThe reagents used shall be of analytical grade and the water used shall comply with grade 3 in ac

43、cordance with ISO 3696.6.1 Water: use distilled and demineralized water with a specific conductivity of at most 0,2 mS/cm at 25 C and a pH 5,6. ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 12782-2:2012ISO 12782-2:2012(E)6.2 Sodium acetate, anhydrous, M(C2H3NaO2) = 82,03 g/mol.6.3 Trisodium citrate dihydr

44、ate, M(C6H5Na3O7 2H2O) = 294,1 g/mol.6.4 Sodium dithionite, M(Na2S2O4) = 174,11 g/mol.6.5 Acetic acid, (glacial) 100 %, M(C2H4O2) = 60,05 g/mol.6.6 Nitric acid, c(HNO3) = 0,1 mol/l.7 Sample pretreatment7.1 Sample sizeSampling shall be performed in accordance with the guidelines for preparing a sampl

45、ing plan for soil materials, as specified in ISO 10381-1 to ISO 10381-6 and for waste in accordance with EN 14899, in order to obtain representative laboratory samples. Obtain a representative laboratory sample of at least 200 g (dry matter) for soil and soil materials and 2 kg (dry matter) for wast

46、e material. Follow instructions for sample pretreatment: for soil and soil materials according to ISO 11464; for waste according to CEN/TR 15310-3 and EN 15002.Use a sample splitter (5.9) or apply coning and quartering to split the sample.NOTE The required size of the laboratory sample is dependent

47、on the particle size distribution of the soil or material to be analysed (see ISO 11277). The specified sample size is generally adequate. In specific cases, a smaller sample size can be accepted for instance if, for specific reasons, less material is available provided that the test can be carried

48、out as specified in 7.2 and 7.3.Any deviation(s) to accommodate sample size or volume requirements shall be recorded in the test report.7.2 Particle size reduction7.2.1 GeneralThe tests shall be carried out preferably on material as received.7.2.2 Particle size reduction of soil and soil materialFor

49、 soil and soil material, the test portion to be prepared shall have a grain size 2 mm. If oversized material is not of natural origin and exceeds 5 % (mass fraction), the entire oversized fraction shall be separated by sieving (see 5.8) and crushed using suitable crushing equipment (5.10). On no account shall the material be finely ground. Oversized material of natural origin (e.g. stones, pebbles, twigs) in the sample shall be separated and discarded. Irrespective of any necessary size reduction, the separate fractions, with t