BS EN ISO 12782-4-2012 Soil quality Parameters for geochemical modelling of leaching and speciation of constituents in soils and materials Extraction of humic substances from solid.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 12782-4:2012Soil quality Parametersfor geochemical modellingof leaching and speciationof constituents in soils andmaterialsPart 4: Extraction of humic substances fromso

2、lid samples (ISO 12782-4:2012)BS EN ISO 12782-4:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO12782-4:2012.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/4, Soil quality.A list of organizations represented on this commit

3、tee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 66914 9ICS 13.080.05Co

4、mpliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM E

5、N ISO 12782-4 June 2012 ICS 13.080.05 English Version Soil quality - Parameters for geochemical modelling of leaching and speciation of constituents in soils and materials - Part 4: Extraction of humic substances from solid samples (ISO 12782-4:2012) Qualit du sol - Paramtres pour la modlisation goc

6、himique de la lixiviation et de la spciation des constituants des sols et des matriaux - Partie 4: Extraction des substances humiques des chantillons solides (ISO 12782-4:2012) Bodenbeschaffenheit - Parameter zur geochemischen Modellierung der Elution und Speziation von Bestandteilen in Bden und Mat

7、erialien - Teil 4: Extraktion von Humusstoffen aus Feststoffproben (ISO 12782-4:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 31 May 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a

8、national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A

9、 version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cypr

10、us, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZ

11、ATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 12782-4:2012: EBS EN ISO 12782-4:2012EN ISO 12782-4:2

12、012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 12782-4:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a na

13、tional standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

14、patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,

15、 Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement not

16、ice The text of ISO 12782-4:2012 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 12782-4:2012 without any modification. BS EN ISO 12782-4:2012ISO 12782-4:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope 12 Normative references . 13 Terms and definitions . 24 Principle . 35

17、Apparatus 36 Reagents 47 Sample pretreatment 57.1 Sample size . 57.2 Particle size reduction . 57.3 Determination of dry residue . 67.4 Test portion . 68 Procedure 68.1 Preparation of DAX-8 resin . 68.2 Determination of total humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and hydrophilic organic carbon (Hy) cont

18、ent in solid source materials . 79 Eluate treatment and storage . 710 Analytical determination . 711 Blank test . 712 Calculation 812.1 General correction factors for the calculation of humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), hydrophilic organic carbon (Hy) and hydrophobic neutral organic carbon (HON) in

19、 liquid and solid samples . 812.2 Concentration of total humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), hydrophilic organic carbon (Hy) and hydrophobic neutral organic carbon (HON) concentrations in solid samples . 913 Expression of results . 1114 Test report . 1115 Performance characteristics 11Annex A (inform

20、ative) Schematic representation of the fractionation procedure 12Annex B (informative) Validation of procedure 14Annex C (informative) Conditions regarding centrifugation .19Bibliography .22BS EN ISO 12782-4:2012ISO 12782-4:2012(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a

21、 worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represente

22、d on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are draft

23、ed in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Stand

24、ard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 12782-4 was prepared by

25、 Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 7, Soil and site assessment.ISO 12782 consists of the following parts, under the general title Soil quality Parameters for geochemical modelling of leaching and speciation of constituents in soils and materials: Part 1: Extraction of amo

26、rphous iron oxides and hydroxides with ascorbic acid Part 2: Extraction of crystalline iron oxides and hydroxides with dithionite Part 3: Extraction of aluminium oxides and hydroxides with ammonium oxalate/oxalic acid Part 4: Extraction of humic substances from solid samples Part 5: Extraction of hu

27、mic substances from aqueous samplesiv ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 12782-4:2012ISO 12782-4:2012(E)IntroductionIn addition to leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological testing of soil and other materials including waste, predictive models are becoming indispensable too

28、ls in the environmental risk assessment of these materials. Models are particularly required when the results of laboratory leaching tests are to be translated to specific scenarios in the field, with regard to assessing the risks of both contaminant migration and bioavailability.In the past few yea

29、rs, geochemical models have been shown to be valuable tools to be combined with the data obtained from characterization leaching standards, such as pH-dependence and percolation tests. These models have the advantage of being based on fundamental thermodynamic parameters that have a general validity

30、. In order to enable extrapolation of laboratory leaching data to the mobility and/or bioavailability of a constituent in a specific field scenario, these models require additional input parameters for specific soil properties (see Figure 1).Key1 experiment2 geochemical speciation modelling3 availab

31、le metal concentration4 dissolved humic substances5 reactive (solid) surfaces6 database with stability constants7 computer program8 assumptionsFigure 1 Relationships between experimental data, as obtained from laboratory leaching/extraction tests, and geochemical modelling of the speciation of a hea

32、vy metal in the environment (modified after M. Gfeller V2is the added volume of hydrochloric acid for precipitation of HA, in millilitres (ml);mDAX,iis the wet mass of DAX-8 applied for the adsorption of FA or used in the blank experiment, in grams (g);wm,DAXis the moisture content of the cleaned DA

33、X-8, as a percentage (%);V4,iis the sample volume taken into account for the DAX-8 adsorption experiment, in millilitres (ml), after removal of HA, or the amount of 0,1 mol/l hydrochloric acid used in the blank experiment. i = FAHyHON1and i = FAHyHON2for solid materials and i = BLin the blank experi

34、ments;DOCBL1is the DOC concentration in the 0,1 mol/l hydrochloric acid solution used in the blank experiment (mg C/l); when DOCBL10.VVVVA=+128(8)Calculation of Hy1(mg/kg dry matter):HyfDOC VM17=()2,FAHy Hy DAXDry11BL(9)Calculation of FA + HON1(mg/kg dry matter):FA HONDOCVMHy+()=171FAHyHONDry1(10)Ca

35、lculation of FA1(mg/kg dry matter):FADOCVMiii19= FA14Dry1,(11)Calculation of Hy2(mg/kg dry matter):HyDOC fVVM2622=()+()Hy 2,FAHy DAXMDryBL(12)Calculation of FA + HON2(mg/kg dry matter):FA HONDOC VV fMHy+()=+()2612FAHyHONMDry2(13)Calculation of FA2(mg/kg dry matter):FADOC VMiii210= FA14Dry2,(14)Hy co

36、ntent (mg/kg dry matter):Hy Hy Hy=+12(15) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 9BS EN ISO 12782-4:2012ISO 12782-4:2012(E)FA content (mg/kg dry matter):FA FA FA=+12(16)Calculation of HON (mg/kg dry matter):HON FA HONFA HON FA=+()+()12(17)Calculation of HA (mg/kg dry matter):HADOC VV DOC fV VVMV=+() +()HA AFA

37、HyHON AMDry51612(18)wheremWetis the wet sample mass, in grams (g);wm,sis the moisture content of the sample, as a percentage (%);V6is the added volume of 1 mol/l and 0,1 mol/l hydrochloric acid to acidify the sample to a pH of 1, in millilitres (ml);V7is the recovered supernatant after the 0,1 mol/l

38、 hydrochloric acid extraction, in millilitres (ml);V8is the recovered supernatant after the HA removal, in millilitres (ml);V1is the recovered supernatant after the 0,1 mol/l sodium hydroxide extraction, in millilitres (ml);V2is the added volume of 6 mol/l hydrochloric acid, in millilitres (ml);V5is

39、 the added volume of potassium hydroxide to dissolve the HA fraction, in millilitres (ml);V9is the added volume(s) of potassium hydroxide to dissolve FA from DAX-8, 0,1 mol/l hydrochloric acid extract; volumes are registered separately (i = 1 to 4);V10is the added volume(s) of potassium hydroxide to

40、 dissolve FA from DAX-8, 0,1 mol/l sodium hydroxide extract; volumes are registered separately (i = 1 to 4);DOCHAis the measured DOC concentration of HA, in milligrams of carbon per litre (mg C/l);DOCFAHyHON1is the DOC concentration in the recovered supernatant after the 0,1 mol/l hydrochloric acid

41、extraction, in milligrams of carbon per litre (mg C/l);DOCFAHyHON2is the DOC concentration in the recovered supernatant after the HA removal, in milligrams of carbon per litre (mg C/l);DOCHy1is the measured DOC concentration in the 0,1 mol/l hydrochloric acid extract after equilibration with DAX-8,

42、in milligrams of carbon per litre (mg C/l);DOCHy2is the measured DOC concentration in the extract after HA removal and the equilibration with DAX-8, in milligrams of carbon per litre (mg C/l);10 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 12782-4:2012ISO 12782-4:2012(E)DOCFA1is the DOC concentration in 0,

43、1 mol/l potassium hydroxide after dissolution of FA from DAX-8 in the 0,1 mol/l hydrochloric acid extract, in milligrams of carbon per litre (mg C/l); DOC concentrations are registered separately (i = 1 to 4);DOCFA2is the DOC concentration in 0,1 mol/l potassium hydroxide after dissolution of FA fro

44、m DAX-8 in the 0,1 mol/l sodium hydroxide extract, in milligrams of carbon per litre (mg C/l); DOC concentrations are registered separately (i = 1 to 4).13 Expression of resultsReport the result of the determination on a dry-matter basis, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg).14 Test reportThe test rep

45、ort shall include at least the following details:a) a reference to this part of ISO 12782;b) any information necessary for the complete identification of the sample;c) a reference to the method used for the analytical determination, i.e. ISO 8245;d) the result of the determination;e) any details tha

46、t are optional or deviations from the specifications of this part of ISO 12782, and any effects which may have affected the results.15 Performance characteristicsThe performance characteristics of the method are described in Reference 14. ISO 2012 All rights reserved 11BS EN ISO 12782-4:2012ISO 1278

47、2-4:2012(E)Annex A (informative) Schematic representation of the fractionation procedure12 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 12782-4:2012ISO 12782-4:2012(E)Key1 centrifugation2 filtration3 starting point for solid samplesHyTot= HyNaOH+ HyHClFATot= FANaOH+ FAHClHONTot= HONNaOH+ HONHCl4 starting p

48、oint for liquid samples (see ISO 12782-5)5 HA dissolution 0,1 M KOH6 TOC analysis7 DAX-8 addition, 1 h equilibration8 FA dissolution 0,1 M KOH, 1 h9 5 min settlingFigure A.1 Schematic representation of the fractionation procedure ISO 2012 All rights reserved 13BS EN ISO 12782-4:2012ISO 12782-4:2012(

49、E)Annex B (informative) Validation of procedureB.1 GeneralThe validation of the procedure specified in this part of ISO 12782 is also described in Reference 6. Several choices made in the development of the procedure are described in this annex.B.2 Notes on the use of cleaned DAX-8The average moisture content (wm,DAX) of the cleaned moist resin was (60,3 3,4) % (n = 5). Small changes in moisture content have a limited effect on the final results, so this average value was used to correct the measured FA