1、BS EN ISO 13078-2:2016Dentistry Dental furnacePart 2: Test method for evaluation offurnace programme via firing glaze(ISO 13078-2:2016)BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN ISO 13078-2:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the
2、 UK implementation of EN ISO13078-2:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CH/106/2, Prosthodontic materials.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all th
3、e necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 87412 3ICS 11.060.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standar
4、d was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 13078-2 August 2016 ICS 11.060.01 English Version Dentistry - Dental
5、furnace - Part 2: Test method for evaluation of furnace programme via firing glaze (ISO 13078-2:2016) Mdecine bucco-dentaire - Four dentaire - Partie 2: Mthode dessai pour lvaluation du programme de cuisson dun four via une cuisson de glaure (ISO 13078-2:2016) Zahnheilkunde - Brennofen - Teil 2: Prf
6、verfahren fr die Bewertung des Brennprogrammes durch den Brenngrad (ISO 13078-2:2016) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 August 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of
7、a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).
8、 A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cy
9、prus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Ki
10、ngdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 1
11、3078-2:2016 EBS EN ISO 13078-2:2016EN ISO 13078-2:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN ISO 13078-2:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106 “Dentistry” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 55 “Dentistry” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European St
12、andard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements
13、 of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this Europe
14、an Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slove
15、nia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 13078-2:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 13078-2:2016 without any modification. BS EN ISO 13078-2:2016ISO 13078-2:2016(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and d
16、efinitions . 14 Test method . 24.1 Materials . 24.2 Devices . 34.3 Preparation of the test specimens 44.4 Firing . 54.4.1 Implementation 54.4.2 Firing data of the dental ceramic manufacturer . 64.5 Evaluation of the firing results 64.6 Correction 75 Test report . 8Bibliography 9 ISO 2016 All rights
17、reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 13078-2:2016ISO 13078-2:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical c
18、ommittees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with t
19、he International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for
20、the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.
21、ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this doc
22、ument is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
23、 Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 106, Dentistry, Subcommittee SC 2, Prosthodontic materials.A list of all parts in the ISO 13078 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2016 All rights
24、reservedBS EN ISO 13078-2:2016ISO 13078-2:2016(E)IntroductionDental furnaces are suitable for the manufacturing of metal-ceramic and partly also all-ceramic restorations for use in dentistry. Dental furnaces are particularly used for firing or sintering, respectively, of dental opaques, dentine and
25、enamel materials to the respective compatible substructure materials. According to the current state of the art, the temperature of this process lies between 600 C and 1 000 C.The different calibration processes applied by the manufacturers of dental furnaces as well as the varying construction type
26、s of the dental furnaces currently on the market influence the firing result.Despite the fact that different dental furnaces can have identical digital external displays, different results regarding the degree of firing can be identified when processing the same ceramics under otherwise similar cond
27、itions.A different degree of firing not only causes differences that can be judged directly by the human eye (e.g. colour and transparency), but also deviations that cannot be detected by the eye. These are, for instance, the linear coefficient of thermal expansion, the bonding strength, the strengt
28、h values and the acid solubility. Such changes may result in clinical failures (e.g. fractures) as well as changed aesthetics of the dental ceramic restoration. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 13078-2:2016BS EN ISO 13078-2:2016Dentistry Dental furnace Part 2: Test method for evaluation of fu
29、rnace programme via firing glaze1 ScopeThis document determines a degree of firing to be implemented by the user. It represents a test method for adapting the firing program of a dental furnace by determining the degree of firing of fired test specimens for a dental ceramic.The test method is suitab
30、le for powdered dental ceramics according to ISO 6872, Type I.The test method enables monitoring of the temperature control in the dental furnace by evaluating the firing degree of a dental ceramic. The test method is also suitable for evaluating the reproducibility of the firings in a dental furnac
31、e or for comparing several dental furnaces.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edi
32、tion of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 2768-1, General tolerances Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerance indicationsISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methodsISO 13078, Dentistry Dental furna
33、ce Test method for temperature measurement with separate thermocouple3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1942, ISO 6872, ISO 9693-1 and ISO 13078 and the following apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardizat
34、ion at the following addresses: ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/3.1degree of firingsurface or edge state of a dental ceramic, which has been treated thermally (i.e. fired, sintered) according to definite firin
35、g instructions and which enables statements concerning the physical properties to be evaluated with the eye, such as transparency, colour, surface quality (roughness or smoothness) as well as shrinkage and edge stability of the test specimenNote 1 to entry: The degree of firing of dental ceramics is
36、 differentiated into under-fired, correctly fired and over-fired.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13078-2:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 13078-2:2016ISO 13078-2:2016(E)3.2under-fired dental ceramicdental ceramic with significant porosities, observable inadequate translucence and still ind
37、istinct colour, whose appearance is milky and grey-white opaque and with a surface that is rough and without lustreNote 1 to entry: No transparency or inadequate colour impression can, however, also result in smooth surfaces as a result of residual porosities inside the specimen.Note 2 to entry: The
38、 best evaluation of under-fired dental ceramics is possible in the case of very transparent colour-intensive dental ceramics.Note 3 to entry: Although test specimens that are heated too quickly up to the maximum firing temperature exhibit a highly lustrous surface, the inside is milky opaque. These
39、specimens are also under-fired inside.3.3correctly fired dental ceramicdental ceramic without porosities, whose surface does not exhibit any opaqueness, and with slightly rounded edgesNote 1 to entry: Colour and transparency correspond to a standard specimen or the reference sample of the relevant m
40、anufacturer.3.4over-fired dental ceramicdental ceramic without porosities, whose surface exhibits a high lustre and whose edges are significantly rounded3.5reference samplecorrectly fired comparison sample of a dental ceramic (provided by manufacturer of veneering ceramic)4 Test method4.1 Materials4
41、.1.1 Dental ceramic material, powdered, transparent and possibly coloured (e.g. blue), from the existing range for visual comparison with a specimen specified as standard or a reference sample.4.1.2 Liquid, e.g. alcohol, water according to ISO 3696, grade 3, mixing liquid.4.1.3 Firing tray.4.1.4 Fir
42、ing pins about 12 mm long.4.1.5 Firing underlay, e.g. firing cotton about 20 mm 20 mm 3 mm or platinum foil about 20 mm 20 mm 0,03 mm or similar firing underlay.4.1.6 Only when using the platinum foil in 4.1.5: For the coating of the platinum foil: Aluminium oxide powder (Al2O3powder), e.g. Bikorit.
43、1)4.1.7 Reference sample (provided by the manufacturer of veneering ceramic).1) Bikorit is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the convenienceof users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.2 ISO 2016 All righ
44、ts reservedBS EN ISO 13078-2:2016ISO 13078-2:2016(E)4.2 Devices4.2.1 Dental furnace.4.2.2 Device for preparation of the test specimens, e.g. according to Figure 1, consisting of impact cylinder (1): made from a copper-zinc alloy, 30 mm, 30 mm long, impact stamp (2): metal stamp made from stainless a
45、ustenitic steel (e.g. V2A steel), length 70 mm, 18 mm with a working end 16 mm, plastic mould (3): e.g. made from Miramit, Ertacetal or Polyacetal,2) 50 mm, 20 mm thick, with cylindrical continuous bore ( 16 mm), removal stamp: metal stamp made from stainless austenitic steel (e.g. V2A steel), lengt
46、h 70 mm, 15,9 mm, and metal base, 150 mm 75 mm 20 mm (e.g. mixing plate for cements).NOTE Other suitable devices for preparation of the test specimens can also be used.2) Miramit, Ertacetal and Polyacetal are examples of suitable products available commercially. This informationis given for the conv
47、enience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of these products. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 13078-2:2016ISO 13078-2:2016(E)Dimensions in millimetresGeneral tolerances: ISO 27681a) Impact stamp with impact cylinder b) Removal stampKey1 impact cylinder2 i
48、mpact stamp3 plastic mould4 test specimenFigure 1 Device for preparation of the test specimens4.3 Preparation of the test specimensA device according to Figure 1 or a similar suitable device shall be used for the preparation of the test specimens. Test specimens and reference samples to be compared
49、shall be prepared using identical devices.Cylindrical test specimens with a diameter of 16 mm and a thickness of 1,6 mm can be prepared using this device.For this purpose, the plastic mould (Figure 1, key 3) shall be placed on the impact stamp with the narrow end pointing upwards, so that a depression results. The dental ceramic material previously doughed corresponding to the manufacturer data shall be added in excess to this depression. By 4 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 13078-2:2016ISO 1
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