1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 13431:1999 Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Determination of tensile creep and creep rupture behaviour The European Standard EN ISO13431:1999 has the status of a British Standard ICS 59.080.70BSENISO13431:1999 This British Standard
2、, having been prepared under the directionof the Sector Committeefor Building and CivilEngineering, was publishedunder the authority ofthe Standards Committee andcomes into effect on 15November1999 BSI June 2006 ISBN 0 580 35402 4 National foreword This British Standard is the English language versi
3、on of EN ISO13431:1999. It is identical with ISO13431:1999. Together with BS EN 1897:2001 it supersedes BS 6906-5:1991 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/553, Geomembranes and geotextiles, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers
4、to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represe
5、nted on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references Attention is drawn to the fact that CEN and CENELEC Standards normally include an annex which lists normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications. The British Stan
6、dards which implement these international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British
7、Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front co
8、ver, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theEN ISO title page, pages2 to10 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication A
9、md. No.16428 June 2006 Correction of supersession detailsCorrigendum No. 1 Date CommentsBSENISO13431:1999 BSI 03-2000 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword 2 Text of EN ISO13431 3ii blankEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO13431 August1999 ICS 59.080.00 En
10、glish version Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Determination of tensile creep and creep rupture behaviour (ISO13431:1999) Gotextiles et produits apparents Dtermination du comportement au fluage en traction et de la rupture au fluage en traction (ISO13431:1999) Geotextilien und geotextilve
11、rwandte Produkte Bestimmung des Zugkriech- und des Zeitstandbruchverhaltens (ISO13431:1999) This European Standard was approved by CEN on23 May1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status o
12、f a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions(English, French, German). A versio
13、n in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Finland, France,
14、 Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1999
15、CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO13431:1999 EENISO13431:1999 BSI 03-2000 2 Foreword The text of EN ISO13431:1999 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC189 “Geotextiles and geotextile-related products”, th
16、e secretariat of which is held by IBN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC38 “Textiles”. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February2000, and conflicting national standar
17、ds shall be withdrawn at the latest by February2000. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland,
18、Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and theUnitedKingdom. Contents Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 3 4 Specimens 4 4.1 Sampling 4 4.2 Number of specimens 4 4.3 Dimensions of specimens 4 4.4 Conditioning 4 5 Determinat
19、ion of tensile creep behaviour 4 5.1 Principle 4 5.2 Apparatus 4 5.3 Procedure 5 6 Determination of tensile creep rupture 5 6.1 Principle 5 6.2 Apparatus 6 6.3 Procedure 6 7 Calculations(for use of TRW specimens) 6 8 Test report 7 Figure 1 Specimen details 8 Figure 2 Definition of contraction 8 Figu
20、re 3 Tensile creep recording apparatus 9 Figure 4 Typical level arm loading system 10ENISO13431:1999 BSI 03-2000 3 1 Scope This Standard specifies a method for determining the tensile creep and creep rupture behaviour of geotextiles and geotextile-related products in an unconfined situation. Applica
21、tion of this standard is limited to those products and applications where the risk of collapse of a structure due to premature failure or to strain/time variation of the reinforcement under constant lead is of essential importance. As the test is carried out over a long period of time and the proced
22、ure is complex, it is therefore recommended that the test is not considered to be a routine quality control test. The results of the test may not be representative of the performance of the products when subject to soil pressures. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated o
23、r undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate points in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only
24、 when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN963, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Sampling and preparation of test specimens. EN ISO10319, Geotextiles Wide-width tensile test(ISO10319:1993). ISO554
25、, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing Specifications. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard the following definitions apply: 3.1 tensile strength maximum load per unit width, in kilonewtons per metre, developed in a specific material subjected to an external tensile load,
26、when measured in accordance with EN ISO10319 3.2 preload force, in kilonewtons per metre, equal to1% of the tensile strength, but not more than10% of the tensile creep load, applied to the specimen to enable the gauge length and strain zero to be determined under reproducible conditions 3.3 nominal
27、gauge length initial distance between two reference points located on the specimen parallel to the applied load before the application of the preload. The gauge length should be set to be completely clear from the clamping devices. The gauge length should be a representative part of the specimen, e.
28、g.for grid structures the gauge length should be a whole number of meshes or ribs 3.4 technically representative width(TRW) a small width, that exhibits tensile strength/strain characteristics per unit width, under identical test conditions, within5% for tensile strength and 20% for strain at the ma
29、ximum load, of the values measured in accordance with EN ISO10319 3.5 tensile creep strain time dependent change in tensile strain of a specimen subject to a constant tensile load 3.6 tensile creep rupture tensile failure of a specimen subject to a constant tensile load, which is less than the tensi
30、le strength NOTEIn some materials tensile creep rupture is preceeded by an increasing rate of strain. 3.7 tensile creep load constant tensile static load per unit width, in kilonewtons per metre, applied to the specimen NOTEThe tensile creep load is usually expressed as a percentage of the tensile s
31、trength of the sample. The tensile creep load includes the preload and, if applicable, any load due to the loading device. 3.8 loading time time, in seconds, required to apply the full tensile creep load 3.9 creep time time elapsed from the end of the loading time 3.10 time to creep rupture time ela
32、psed from the end of the loading time until tensile creep rupture of the specimen 3.11 initial strain change in the gauge length(strain), in percent, measured on the specimen at(60 5)s after the end of the loading timeENISO13431:1999 4 BSI 03-2000 3.12 lateral contraction decrease in the width of th
33、e specimen during the tensile test, expressed as a percentage of the width of the specimen under preload, measured at the centre of the gauge length(seeFigure 2) 4 Specimens 4.1 Sampling Take a sample and prepare specimens in accordance with EN963. 4.2 Number of specimens For the determination of te
34、nsile creep behaviour(seeclause5), cut four specimens from the sample. For the determination of tensile creep rupture(seeclause6), cut twelve specimens from the sample. 4.3 Dimensions of specimens 4.3.1 The size of the specimens is determined: to suit the dimensions of the apparatus being used; to s
35、uit the accuracy of the measuring equipment being used; to comply with the technically representative width; to allow the minimum gauge length to be established within the grips such that there is a distance of not less than20mm between either end of the marked gauge length and the grips. 4.3.2 The
36、minimum gauge length of the specimens shall be(seeFigure 1): not less than200mm; for geogrids not less than two full elements; for all samples, such length as will enable the measurement of the gauge length to an accuracy of 0,1%. 4.3.3 The width of the specimens shall be: for products which exhibit
37、 significant lateral contraction(U 10%), when tested in accordance with EN ISO10319(seeFigure 2):200mm; for geogrids: not less than three full elements; for all other materials: a technically representative width. NOTEThe size of the specimens has a major influence on the feasibility and the accurac
38、y of the test. The loads required are dependent upon the width of the specimen. 4.4 Conditioning Condition the test specimens in a standard atmosphere for testing defined in ISO554, until the change in mass between successive readings made at intervals of not less than2h does not exceed0,25% of the
39、mass of the specimens. Tests shall be carried out under the same conditions. NOTEConditioning and/or testing at a specified relative humidity may be omitted if it can be shown that the results are not affected by this omission. As this test is carried out over a long period of1000h, the omission of
40、humidity control should be based upon experimental evidence from tests carried out over a similar period of time on similar samples of the same polymer. 5 Determination of tensile creep behaviour 5.1 Principle The specimens are loaded with a constant static force, in constant ambient conditions of t
41、emperature and humidity. The load is distributed evenly across the specimen width. The elongation of the specimen is recorded continuously or is measured at specific time intervals. The load is maintained for a period of1000h. If the specimen fails before1000h the time to rupture is recorded. Specim
42、ens from the sample shall first be tested in accordance with EN ISO10319 to determine the tensile strength and the TRW of the sample. 5.2 Apparatus 5.2.1 General A schematic representation of suitable equipment is shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4. The apparatus shall consist of a device to grip the sp
43、ecimen without slipping, a loading system and a system to measure the change in gauge length with time. 5.2.2 Specimen grips The grips shall be wide enough to hold the specimen firmly across the full width. The grips shall hold the specimen without slippage and in a way which does not cause any dama
44、ge to the specimen, which can in turn result in failure of the specimen in the grips. The grips shall be fixed to the loading system in such a way that the load is applied to the specimen without any eccentricity, i.e.by using a universal joint or spherical seating. 5.2.3 Loading system The loading
45、frame shall be stiff enough to support the loads without apparent deformation. The loading frame shall be insulated from vibrations from outside sources.ENISO13431:1999 BSI 03-2000 5 The loading frame shall not be susceptible to the disturbance caused by the failure of other specimens in the frame,
46、in adjacent frames or by any other means. The tensile creep load shall be constant within 1%. The tensile creep load may be applied using weights acting directly or through a system of levers, or by the use of mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic systems. The loading system shall be calibrated before
47、each test to demonstrate that the required load is being applied to the specimen. NOTESpecial attention may be needed to ensure that the tensile creep load is constant when using loading systems other than dead loads, e.g.the angle of lever systems should be kept nearly constant to ensure that the a
48、pplied creep load remains within the accuracy specified. The loading system shall be capable of applying the preload to the specimen. The loading system shall allow the specimen to be loaded smoothly, such that the full tensile creep load is applied in not more than60s. 5.2.4 Strain measuring system
49、 The change in the gauge length or strain, shall be measured between two parallel lines across the full width of the specimen or between two points on the central axis of the specimen in the loaded direction. The change in the gauge length may be measured with any apparatus which is able to measure the change with an accuracy of 0,1% of the gauge length; a mechanical, electrical or optical apparatus is normally used. NOTE 1Extreme care should be taken to ensure the reproducibility of the readings and the long-term sta
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