1、BRITISH STANDARD BSENISO 13437:1998 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Method for installing and extracting samples in soil, and testing specimens in laboratory The European Standard EN ISO13437:1998 has the status of a British Standard ICS59.080.70BSENISO13437:1998 This British Standard, h
2、aving been prepared under the directionof the Sector Committeefor Building and CivilEngineering, was publishedunder the authority ofthe Standards Committee andcomes into effect on 15December1998 BSI 05-1999 ISBN 0 580 30673 9 National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of
3、 EN ISO13437:1998. It is identical with ISO13437:1998. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/553, Geomembranes and geotextiles, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee
4、any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references
5、 Attention is drawn to the fact that CEN and CENELEC Standards normally include an annex which lists normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications. The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this doc
6、ument may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of
7、British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theENISO titlepage, pages2 to8 and a back cove
8、r. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSENISO13437:1998 BSI 05-1999 i Contents Page National foreword Inside f
9、ront cover Foreword 2 Text of EN ISO13437 3ii blankEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO13437 August 1998 ICS59.080.00 Descriptors: Geotextiles, durability,laboratory tests, samples, extraction, installation English version Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Method for in
10、stalling and extracting samples in soil, and testing specimens in laboratory (ISO13437:1998) Gotextiles et produits apparents Mthode pour Iinstallation et Iextraction dchantillons dans le sol et pour la ralisation dessais en laboratoire sur les prouvettes (ISO13437:1998) Geotextilien und geotextilve
11、rwandte Produkte Verfahren zum Einbau und Ausgraben von Proben und Prfung von Meproben im Labor (ISO13437:1998) This European Standard was approved by CEN on13 February1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this Europ
12、ean Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English,
13、 French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, CzechRepublic,
14、 Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart
15、 36, B-1050 Brussels 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO13437:1998 EENISO13437:1998 BSI 05-1999 2 Foreword The text of EN ISO13437:1998 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC189 “Geotextiles and geotex
16、tile-related products”, the secretariat of which is held by IBN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC38 “Textiles”. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February1999, and co
17、nflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February1999. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Finland, France,
18、Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and theUnitedKingdom. Contents Page Foreword 2 Introduction 3 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 3 4 Principle 3 5 Test method 3 6 Test report 5 Annex A (informative) Identif
19、ication forms for structure, environment and geotextile 6ENISO13437:1998 BSI 05-1999 3 Introduction This standard is part of a series of standards and prestandards on the durability of geotextiles and geotextile-related products. The use and applicability of this standard will be further described i
20、n a guide to durability (currently in course of preparation). 1 Scope This standard specifies a method for the on-site installation, retrieval and testing of geotextile samples, irrespective of the particular degradation mechanisms to which they are exposed. The method is also appropriate to test fo
21、r mechanical damage, much of which occurs during installation, and to provide an owner with information about the state of the geotextile or geotextile-related product in his structure. NOTEThe durability of geotextiles or geotextile-related products is assessed by short-term accelerated tests under
22、 conditions more extreme than those experienced in service. In order to establish the validity of these tests it is essential to compare their predictions with tests made on material extracted from site. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provis
23、ions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by
24、 amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN963, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Sampling and preparation of test specimens. EN965, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Determination of mass per unit area. EN ISO10319
25、, Geotextiles Wide-width tensile test. (ISO10319:1993) prEN ISO10320, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Identification on site. (ISO/DIS10320:1995) ISO307:1994, Plastics Polyamides Determination of viscosity number. ISO1628-3:1998, Plastics Determination of viscosity number and limiting vi
26、scosity number Part3: Polyethylenes and polypropylenes. (Revisionof ISO1628-3:1991) ISO/DIS1628-5:1997, Plastics Determination of viscosity of polymers in dilute solution using capillary viscometers Part5: Thermoplastic polyester (TP) homopolymers and copolymers. (Revision of ISO1623-5:1986) ISO1031
27、8, Geotextiles Vocabulary. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply: 3.1 geotextile a geotextile or geotextile-related product 3.2 control specimen test specimen taken from a sample of the material delivered on site before its installation in the structure 3.3
28、 durability testing sample test sample installed during construction for the purpose of degradation assessment 3.4 retrieval sample either durability testing sample or sample of in service materials retrieved after a predetermined time 4 Principle The properties of the geotextile after a certain per
29、iod in service (used material) are compared to the same properties determined on control specimens (control material). 5 Test method 5.1 Identification of the initial conditions The following information shall be indicated: identification and description of the structure; description of the geotexti
30、le environment; identification and characteristics of the geotextile, with testing standard references. NOTEFor each of the above, examples of suitable forms are given in Annex A. Where possible, variation about the mean values can be given.ENISO13437:1998 4 BSI 05-1999 5.2 Installation of durabilit
31、y testing samples The following general guidelines shall be followed unless otherwise agreed by the parties concerned: 5.2.1 The number of samples is determined by the dimensions of the structure, the physical and chemical variations in the environment in which the geotextile is installed, and the r
32、epercussions that a failure of the geotextile function would cause. 5.2.2 The number of retrievals depends on the expected service life of the geotextile. The following schedule shall be observed unless otherwise agreed: prepare durability testing samples and take control samples on delivery of mate
33、rial; make a first retrieval directly following construction; make a second retrieval after10 years; then every20 years or less if the results obtained command an earlier retrieval, or if major environmental factors are known to have changed; make a final retrieval on completion of service life. Thu
34、s three retrievals are needed for a30-year expected service life, and eight retrievals for a120-year expected service life. 5.2.3 The samples shall be subjected to the same physical and chemical environments to which the geotextile is exposed in the structure. As far as possible, this includes also
35、mechanical stresses and hydraulic features. 5.2.4 The dimensions of the durability testing samples shall be a minimum of: 1m 1m for a sheet product; 1m in length for a linear product. 5.2.5 Report the following: description, origin and numbering of the samples; date of installation and exact locatio
36、n in the structure (drawing); retrieval schedule. 5.3 Preparation of control specimens Take control specimens of the geotextile from the material before installation. The control specimens shall be taken as close as possible to the material used for the durability testing samples. The dimension of t
37、he control specimens is identical to the dimension of durability testing samples. Their number is equal to the number of scheduled retrievals. The specimens shall be taken in accordance with EN963. Avoid folding or cutting if possible. However, if it is essential, the1m 1m specimens shall be folded
38、or cut in three folds or parts parallel to the machine direction or to the main tensile strength direction. One specimen of1m 1m or three specimens of1m in length are placed in a black polyethylene bag labelled outside with identification, date and structure reference. A copy of the geotextile ident
39、ification form (see Annex A) with copy of product delivery reference label is to be placed inside each bag. The three bags shall be placed in another black polyethylene bag, also labelled with date and structure reference, and kept in a horizontal position in a depository at a temperature between0C
40、and20C and relative humidity of50% to65%, with no condensation. 5.4 Retrieval of samples There are two possible retrieval situations: durability testing samples have been installed during construction, in which case the operation is simply to retrieve the specimens, or no such provisions were made a
41、nd it is necessary to sample a piece of geotextile in service. In the second case the selection of the location for sampling is dependent on several parameters such as accessibility, disturbance of traffic, and cost. If a choice exists, the most interesting areas are where there is local deformation
42、 or differential settlement in the facing of the structure or on the road surface, or indications of water leakage. A procedure for repair of the hole left in the geotextile shall be defined. In all cases: perform the sampling carefully in order to avoid any damage to the product. The excavation ope
43、ration may begin with a mechanical digger but shall be stopped0,3m before reaching the geotextile. Continue the work manually with shovel and trowel to remove the remaining soil gently over a surface area of1m 2 ; take a sample of soil in contact with the geotextile for determination of pH, chemical
44、 analysis and determination of mechanical characteristics; photograph the site and report the visual appearance of the geotextile, with particular attention to holes, tears, root penetration and presence of water; cut the sample along the sides of the square by appropriate means, lift it carefully,
45、place it flat between two sheets of black polyethylene film and seal the film to prevent desiccation;ENISO13437:1998 BSI 05-1999 5 NOTEIn particular cases, it may be interesting to take a core sample of geotextile with its surrounding soil medium to analyse further any clogging of the geotextile. la
46、bel the samples with the date, structure reference and reference number and send them to the laboratory. 5.5 Testing and analysis 5.5.1 Testing on retrieval samples: If necessary, carry out weighing and water permeability measurements before washing. Wash the samples carefully under running cold tap
47、 water and place them horizontally to dry. Examine the geotextile visually after cleaning, with particular attention to holes (size and number) and tears. If necessary, reweigh the sample in order to determine the soil mass removed by washing and determine the water permeability a second time. 5.5.2
48、 Testing on retrieval samples and control specimens: The following tests shall be performed: wide-width tensile test (in accordance with ENISO10319); determination of the solution viscosity for each individual material: polyamide (in accordance with ISO307:1984) polyester (in accordance with ISO1628
49、-5:1986) polyethylene, polypropylene (in accordance with ISO1628-3:1991); examination by scanning electron microscopy to reveal possible chemical or microbiological attack, surface degradation or environmental stress cracking. NOTEOne or several tests relevant to the function of the geotextile can be added. Compare the results of these tests with those obtained on control specimens. 6 Test report The test report shall include: a) the identification of the initial conditions
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