BS EN ISO 14044-2006 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines《环境管理 产品寿命周期评价 要求和导则》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 14044:2006Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1Environmental management Life cycle assessment Requirements and guidelinesThe European Standard EN ISO 14044:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 13.020.10; 13.020.60g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g5

2、4g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN ISO 14044:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 4

3、9022 XNational forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN ISO 14044:2006. It is identical with ISO 14044:2006. Together with BS EN ISO 14040:2006 it supersedes BS EN ISO 14040:1997, BS EN ISO 14041:1998, BS EN ISO 14042:2000 and BS EN ISO 14043:2000.The UK participa

4、tion in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee SES/1, Environmental management, to Subcommittee SES/1/5, Life cycle assessment, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe Brit

5、ish Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Onl

6、ine.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsib

7、le international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN

8、 ISO title page, the EN ISO foreword page, the ISO title page, pages ii to vi, pages 1 to 46, an inside back cover and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Comments16559 Corrigend

9、um No. 131 August 2006 Correction to supersession informationEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 14044July 2006ICS 13.020.60; 13.020.10 Supersedes EN ISO 14040:1997, EN ISO 14041:1998,EN ISO 14042:2000, EN ISO 14043:2000 English VersionEnvironmental management - Life cycle assessme

10、nt -Requirements and guidelines (ISO 14044:2006)Management environnemental - Analyse du cycle de vie -Exigences et lignes directrices (ISO 14044:2006)Umweltmanagement - kobilanz - Anforderungen undAnleitungen (ISO 14044:2006)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 June 2006.CEN members are

11、bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the

12、Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status a

13、s the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Sloven

14、ia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN nation

15、al Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 14044:2006: EForeword This document (EN ISO 14044:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207 “Environmental management“ in collaboration with CMC. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical

16、text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2007. This document supersedes EN ISO 14040:1997, EN ISO 14041:1998, EN ISO 14042:2000, EN ISO 14043:2000. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the nati

17、onal standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Po

18、rtugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 14044:2006 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14044:2006 without any modifications. EN ISO 14044:2006Reference numberISO 14044:2006(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO14044First edition200

19、6-07-01Environmental management Life cycle assessment Requirements and guidelines Management environnemental Analyse du cycle de vie Exigences et lignes directrices EN ISO 14044:2006ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Met

20、hodological framework for LCA 6 4.1 General requirements. 6 4.2 Goal and scope definition 7 4.3 Life cycle inventory analysis (LCI) 11 4.4 Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) . 16 4.5 Life cycle interpretation . 23 5 Reporting . 27 5.1 General requirements and considerations 27 5.2 Additional requir

21、ements and guidance for third-party reports 28 5.3 Further reporting requirements for comparative assertion intended to be disclosed to the public 30 6 Critical review 31 6.1 General. 31 6.2 Critical review by internal or external expert. 31 6.3 Critical review by panel of interested parties 31 Anne

22、x A (informative) Examples of data collection sheets . 33 Annex B (informative) Examples of life cycle interpretation . 36 Bibliography . 46 EN ISO 14044:2006iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies

23、). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and no

24、n-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Par

25、t 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting

26、 a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14044 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207, Environmental management, Subcommi

27、ttee SC 5, Life cycle assessment. This first edition of ISO 14044, together with ISO 14040:2006, cancels and replaces ISO 14040:1997, ISO 14041:1998, ISO 14042:2000 and ISO 14043:2000, which have been technically revised. EN ISO 14044:2006vIntroduction The increased awareness of the importance of en

28、vironmental protection, and the possible impacts associated with products1), both manufactured and consumed, has increased interest in the development of methods to better understand and address these impacts. One of the techniques being developed for this purpose is life cycle assessment (LCA). LCA

29、 can assist in identifying opportunities to improve the environmental performance of products at various points in their life cycle, informing decision-makers in industry, government or non-government organizations (e.g. for the purpose of strategic planning, priority setting, product or process des

30、ign or redesign), the selection of relevant indicators of environmental performance, including measurement techniques, and marketing (e.g. implementing an ecolabelling scheme, making an environmental claim, or producing an environmental product declaration). LCA addresses the environmental aspects a

31、nd potential environmental impacts2)(e.g. use of resources and environmental consequences of releases) throughout a products life cycle from raw material acquisition through production, use, end-of-life treatment, recycling and final disposal (i.e. cradle-to-grave). There are four phases in an LCA s

32、tudy: a) the goal and scope definition phase, b) the inventory analysis phase, c) the impact assessment phase, and d) the interpretation phase. The scope, including system boundary and level of detail, of an LCA depends on the subject and the intended use of the study. The depth and the breadth of L

33、CA can differ considerably depending on the goal of a particular LCA. The life cycle inventory analysis phase (LCI phase) is the second phase of LCA. It is an inventory of input/output data with regard to the system being studied. It involves the collection of the data necessary to meet the goals of

34、 the defined study. The life cycle impact assessment phase (LCIA) is the third phase of the LCA. The purpose of LCIA is to provide additional information to help assess a product systems LCI results so as to better understand their environmental significance. 1) In this International Standard, the t

35、erm “product” includes services. 2) The “potential environmental impacts” are relative expressions, as they are related to the functional unit of a product system. EN ISO 14044:2006vi Life cycle interpretation is the final phase of the LCA procedure, in which the results of an LCI or an LCIA, or bot

36、h, are summarized and discussed as a basis for conclusions, recommendations and decision-making in accordance with the goal and scope definition. There are cases where the goal of an LCA may be satisfied by performing only an inventory analysis and an interpretation. This is usually referred to as a

37、n LCI study. This International Standard covers two types of studies: life cycle assessment studies (LCA studies) and life cycle inventory studies (LCI studies). LCI studies are similar to LCA studies but exclude the LCIA phase. LCI are not to be confused with the LCI phase of an LCA study. Generall

38、y, the information developed in an LCA or LCI study can be used as part of a much more comprehensive decision process. Comparing the results of different LCA or LCI studies is only possible if the assumptions and context of each study are equivalent. Therefore this International Standard contains se

39、veral requirements and recommendations to ensure transparency on these issues. LCA is one of several environmental management techniques (e.g. risk assessment, environmental performance evaluation, environmental auditing, and environmental impact assessment) and might not be the most appropriate tec

40、hnique to use in all situations. LCA typically does not address the economic or social aspects of a product, but the life cycle approach and methodologies described in this International Standard may be applied to these other aspects. This International Standard, like other International Standards,

41、is not intended to be used to create non-tariff trade barriers or to increase or change an organizations legal obligations. EN ISO 14044:20061Environmental management Life cycle assessment Requirements and guidelines 1 Scope This International Standard specifies requirements and provides guidelines

42、for life cycle assessment (LCA) including a) the goal and scope definition of the LCA, b) the life cycle inventory analysis (LCI) phase, c) the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) phase, d) the life cycle interpretation phase, e) reporting and critical review of the LCA, f) limitations of the LCA, g

43、) relationship between the LCA phases, and h) conditions for use of value choices and optional elements. This International Standard covers life cycle assessment (LCA) studies and life cycle inventory (LCI) studies. The intended application of LCA or LCI results is considered during the goal and sco

44、pe definition, but the application itself is outside the scope of this International Standard. This International Standard is not intended for contractual or regulatory purposes or registration and certification. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the app

45、lication of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 14040:2006, Environmental management Life cycle assessment Principles and framework 3 Terms and definitions F

46、or the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. NOTE These terms and definitions are taken from ISO 14040:2006 and are repeated for the convenience of users of this International Standard. EN ISO 14044:20062 3.1 life cycle consecutive and interlinked stages of a product

47、system, from raw material acquisition or generation from natural resources to final disposal 3.2 life cycle assessment LCA compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle 3.3 life cycle inventory analysis LCI pha

48、se of life cycle assessment involving the compilation and quantification of inputs and outputs for a product throughout its life cycle 3.4 life cycle impact assessment LCIA phase of life cycle assessment aimed at understanding and evaluating the magnitude and significance of the potential environmen

49、tal impacts for a product system throughout the life cycle of the product 3.5 life cycle interpretation phase of life cycle assessment in which the findings of either the inventory analysis or the impact assessment, or both, are evaluated in relation to the defined goal and scope in order to reach conclusions and recommendations 3.6 comparative assertion environmental claim regarding the superiority or equivalence of one product versus a competing product that performs the same function 3.7 transparency open, comprehensive and understandable present