1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 16911-1:2013Stationary source emissions Manual and automatic determination of velocity and volume flow rate in ductsPart 1: Manual reference methodBS EN ISO 16911-1:201
2、3 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 16911-1:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to T e c h n i c a l C o m m i t t e e E H / 2 / 1 , S t a t i o n a r y s o u r c e e m i s s i o n .A list of organizations represented on
3、this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013.ISBN 978 0 580 73961
4、3 ICS 13.040.40 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NOR
5、ME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 16911-1 March 2013 ICS 13.040.40 English Version Stationary source emissions - Manual and automatic determination of velocity and volume flow rate in ducts - Part 1: Manual reference method (ISO 16911-1:2013) missions de sources fixes - Dtermination manuelle et au
6、tomatique de la vitesse et du dbit-volume dcoulement dans les conduits - Partie 1: Mthode de rfrence manuelle (ISO 16911-1:2013) Emissionen aus stationren Quellen - Manuelle und automatische Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeit und des Volumenstroms in Abgaskanlen - Teil 1: Manuelles Referenzverfahren (IS
7、O 16911-1:2013) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 February 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bi
8、bliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the resp
9、onsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Re
10、public of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NOR
11、MALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 16911-1:2013: EBS EN ISO 16911-1:2013 EN ISO 16911-1:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This d
12、ocument (EN ISO 16911-1:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality“,the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 146 “Air quality“. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication
13、of an identicaltext or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2013, and conflicting national standards shall bewithdrawn at the latest by September 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patentrights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall
14、not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, CzechRepublic, Denmark,
15、 Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN ISO 16911-1:20
16、13ISO 16911-1:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword vIntroduction vi1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 34.1 Symbols . 34.2 Abbreviated terms . 75 Principle 75.1 General . 75.2 Principle of flow velocity determinatio
17、n at a point in the duct 85.3 Principle of measurement of volume flow rate . 86 Selection of monitoring approach .106.1 Monitoring objective . 106.2 Choice of technique to determine point flow velocity .116.3 Choice of technique for volume flow rate and average flow determination .127 Measuring equi
18、pment 127.1 General 127.2 Measurement of duct area . 138 Performance characteristics and requirements 139 Measurement procedure .149.1 Site survey before testing . 149.2 Determination of sampling plane and number of measurement points 149.3 Checks before sampling 149.4 Quality control 169.5 Measurem
19、ent of flow at locations within the measurement plane 169.6 Post-measurement quality control . 1710 Calculation of results 1710.1 General 1710.2 Measurement of velocity . 1710.3 Determination of the mean velocity 1810.4 Correction of average velocity for wall effects 1810.5 Calculation of the volume
20、 flow rate from the average velocity 1810.6 Conversion of results to standard conditions1911 Establishment of the uncertainty of results 2012 Evaluation of the method 20Annex A (normative) Measurement of velocity using differential pressure based techniques .22Annex B (normative) Vane anemometer .34
21、Annex C (normative) Tracer gas dilution method determination of volume flow rate and average velocity 40Annex D (normative) Transit time tracer gas method determination of average velocity .46Annex E (normative) Calculation of flue gas volume flow rate from energy consumption 53Annex F (informative)
22、 Example of uncertainty budget established for velocity and volume flow rate measurements by Pitot tube .61Annex G (informative) Description of validation studies 72BS EN ISO 16911-1:2013ISO 16911-1:2013(E)iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedAnnex H (informative) Differential pressure measurement 79Annex
23、 I (informative) The use of time of flight measurement instruments based on modulated laser light .82Annex J (informative) Relationship between this International Standard and the essential requirements of EU Directives 83Bibliography .84BS EN ISO 16911-1:2013ISO 16911-1:2013(E)ForewordISO (the Inte
24、rnational Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has
25、 been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical s
26、tandardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies f
27、or voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or al
28、l such patent rights.ISO 16911-1 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) in collaboration with ISO Technical Committee TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 1, Stationary source emissions.ISO 16911 consists of the following parts, under the general title Stationary source emi
29、ssions Manual and automatic determination of velocity and volume flow rate in ducts: Part 1: Manual reference method Part 2: Automated measuring systems ISO 2013 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 16911-1:2013ISO 16911-1:2013(E)IntroductionEN ISO 16911-1 describes a method for periodic determination of
30、the axial velocity and volume flow rate of gas within emissions ducts and stacks and for the calibration of automated flow monitoring systems permanently installed on a stack.EN ISO 16911-1 provides a method which uses point measurements of the flow velocity to determine the flow profile and mean an
31、d volume flow rates. It also provides for alternative methods based on tracer gas injection, which can also used to provide routine calibration for automated flow-monitoring systems. A method based on calculation from energy consumption is also described. EN ISO 16911-1 provides guidance on when the
32、se alternative methods may be used.vi ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 16911-1:2013Stationary source emissions Manual and automatic determination of velocity and volume flow rate in ducts Part 1: Manual reference method1 ScopeEN ISO 16911-1 specifies a method for periodic determination of the a
33、xial velocity and volume flow rate of gas within emissions ducts and stacks. It is applicable for use in circular or rectangular ducts with measurement locations meeting the requirements of EN 15259. Minimum and maximum duct sizes are driven by practical considerations of the measurement devices des
34、cribed within EN ISO 16911-1.EN ISO 16911-1 requires all flow measurements to have demonstrable metrological traceability to national or international primary standards.To be used as a standard reference method, the user is required to demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method a
35、re equal to or better than the performance criteria defined in EN ISO 16911-1 and that the overall uncertainty of the method, expressed with a level of confidence of 95 %, is determined and reported. The results for each method defined in EN ISO 16911-1 have different uncertainties within a range of
36、 1 % to 10 % at flow velocities of 20 m/s.Methods further to these can be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence, based on the principles of CEN/TS 14793.102 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated refe
37、rences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 20988, Air quality Guidelines for estimating measurement uncertaintyISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement Part 3: Guide to the expression of u
38、ncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995)EN 14789, Stationary source emissions Determination of volume concentration of oxygen (O2) Reference method ParamagnetismEN 14790, Stationary source emissions Determination of the water vapour in ductsEN 15259:2007, Air quality Measurement of stationary source emi
39、ssions Requirements for measurement sections and sites and for the measurement objective, plan and report3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16911-1:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 16911-1:2013
40、ISO 16911-1:2013(E)3.1Pitot tubedevice to measure flow velocity at a point, operating on the principle of differential pressure measurementNote 1 to entry: A number of designs of Pitot tube may be used, including standard L-type, S-type, 2D, and 3D Pitot tubes. Annex A describes a number of Pitot de
41、signs currently in use in Europe.3.2measurement lineline across the stack, on a measurement plane, along which flow measurements are made to characterize the flow velocity profile or to determine the average flow3.3measurement planeplane normal to the centreline of the duct at the measurement locati
42、on at which the measurement of flow velocity or volume flow rate is required3.4measurement pointsampling pointposition in the measurement plane at which the sample stream is extracted or the measurement data are obtained directly3.5volume flow ratevolume flow of gas axially along a ductNote 1 to ent
43、ry: If not specifically stated, the term may be taken to mean the mean volume flow passing through the measurement plane.Note 2 to entry: Volume flow rate is expressed in cubic metres per second or cubic metres per hour.3.6point flow velocitylocal gas velocity at a point in the ductNote 1 to entry:
44、Unless otherwise specified, the term may be taken to mean the axial velocity at the measurement location.Note 2 to entry: Point flow velocity is expressed in metres per second.3.7average flow velocityvelocity which, when multiplied by the area of the measurement plane of the duct, gives the volume f
45、low rate in that duct quotient of the volume flow rate in the duct and the area of the measurement plane of the duct3.8standard conditionsreference value a pressure 101,325 kPa and a temperature 273,15 K3.9uncertainty (of measurement)parameter, associated with the result of a measurement, that chara
46、cterizes the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 16911-1:2013ISO 16911-1:2013(E)3.10uncertainty budgetstatement of a measurement uncertainty, of the components of that measurement uncertainty, and of their calculation a
47、nd combinationNote 1 to entry: For the purposes of EN ISO 16911-1, the sources of uncertainty are according to ISO 149565or ISO/IEC Guide 98-3.3.11standard uncertaintyuncertainty of the result of a measurement expressed as a standard deviation3.12expanded uncertaintyquantity defining an interval abo
48、ut the result of a measurement that may be expected to encompass a large fraction of the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurandNote 1 to entry: In EN ISO 16911-1, the expanded uncertainty is calculated with a coverage factor of k = 2, and with a level of confiden
49、ce of 95 %.3.13overall uncertaintyexpanded combined standard uncertainty attached to the measurement resultNote 1 to entry: The overall uncertainty is calculated according to ISO/IEC Guide 98-3.3.14swirlcyclonic flowtangential component of the flow vector providing a measure of the non-axial flow at the measurement plane3.15automated measuring systemAMSmeasuring system permanently installed on site for continuous monitoring of flowNote 1 to entry: See EN ISO 16911-2.3.16metrological traceabilityproperty of a measurement res
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