1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58projectile sound by calculationThe European Standard EN ISO 17201-2:2006 has the status of a Britis
2、h StandardICS 97.220.10; 95.020; 17.140.20Acoustics Noise from shooting ranges Part 2: Estimation of muzzle blast and BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 17201-2:2006BS EN ISO 17201-2:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2006
3、 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49766 6Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentscontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK i
4、mplementation of EN ISO 17201-2:2006.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/1, Acoustics, to Subcommittee EH/1/3, Residential and industrial noise.A list of organizations represented on EH/1/3 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does
5、not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 17201-2July 2006ICS 97.220.10; 95.020; 17.140.20English VersionAcoustics - Noise from shooting ranges - Part 2: Estimation ofmuzzle blast and projectile sound by calculation (ISO 17201-2:20
6、06)Acoustique - Bruit des stands de tir - Partie 2: Estimationde la dtonation la bouche et du bruit du projectile parcalcul (ISO 17201-2:2006)Akustik - Gerusche von Schiepltzen - Teil 2:Bestimmung des Mndungsknalls und desGeschossgerusches durch Berechnung (ISO 17201-2:2006)This European Standard wa
7、s approved by CEN on 5 June 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationa
8、lstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified
9、 to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, N
10、orway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form
11、and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 17201-2:2006: EForeword This document (EN ISO 17201-2:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43 “Acoustics“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 211 “Acoustics“, the secretariat of which is held by
12、 DS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regula
13、tions, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Nor
14、way, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 17201-2:2006 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 17201-2:2006 without any modifications. EN 17201-2:2006Reference numberISO 17201-2:2006(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO17
15、201-2First edition2006-07-01Acoustics Noise from shooting ranges Part 2: Estimation of muzzle blast and projectile sound by calculation Acoustique Bruit des stands de tir Partie 2: Estimation de la dtonation la bouche et du bruit du projectile par calcul EN ISO 17201-2:2006ii iiiContents Page Forewo
16、rd iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 3.1 General. 1 3.2 Directivity. 5 3.3 Energy 5 3.4 Fraction 7 3.5 Projectile 7 4 Estimation model for source data of the muzzle blast . 8 4.1 General. 8 4.2 Estimation of chemical energy 9 4.3 Estimation of acoust
17、ic energy. 9 4.4 Estimation of the Weber energy 9 4.5 Estimation of directivity . 9 4.6 Estimation of the spectrum . 9 5 Estimation model for projectile sound . 10 5.1 General. 10 5.2 Estimation of projectile sound source energy 11 6 Sound exposure 12 7 Uncertainty of estimation. 15 Annex A (informa
18、tive) Simple blast model for estimation of sound energy and its spectrum 16 Annex B (informative) Quality of input data 18 Annex C (informative) Examples for estimation of muzzle blast. 21 Annex D (informative) Estimation of sound exposure of projectile according to Figure 3 flowchart Example 29 Bib
19、liography . 31 EN ISO 17201-2:2006iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body
20、interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotech
21、nical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by t
22、he technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent right
23、s. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 17201-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 1, Noise. ISO 17201 consists of the following parts, under the general title Acoustics Noise from shooting ranges: Part 1: Determi
24、nation of muzzle blast by measurement Part 2: Estimation of muzzle blast and projectile sound by calculation Part 4: Prediction of projectile sound The following parts are under preparation: Part 3: Guidelines for sound propagation calculations Part 5: Noise management The initiative to prepare a st
25、andard on impulse noise from shooting ranges was taken by AFEMS, the Association of European Manufacturers of Sporting Ammunition, in April 1996, by the submission of a formal proposal to CEN. After consultation in CEN in 1998, CEN/TC 211, Acoustics, asked ISO/TC 43/SC 1, Noise, to prepare the ISO 1
26、7201 series. EN ISO 17201-2:2006vIntroduction Two basic sources dominate the shooting sound from firearms: the muzzle blast and the projectile sound. These two sources are basically different. The explosion blast from devices can be treated as muzzle blast. The muzzle blast is caused by the expandin
27、g gases of the propellant at the muzzle. The muzzle blast can be modelled based on essentially less spherical volume of these gases at that moment when the expansion speed becomes subsonic. The projectile sound is caused by the supersonic flight of the projectile along the trajectory from the muzzle
28、 to the target or to a point on the trajectory where the projectile speed becomes subsonic. The projectile sound stems from a section of the trajectory that coherently radiates a shock wave into a certain direction. In general, the procedures for estimating the source energy depends on the estimatio
29、n of energies that are involved in related processes. The procedures give estimates for the fraction of these energies that transforms into acoustic energy. The result of the estimation is a set of acoustical source data with respect to energy, direction and frequency content. EN ISO 17201-2:2006bla
30、nk1Acoustics Noise from shooting ranges Part 2: Estimation of muzzle blast and projectile sound by calculation 1 Scope This part of ISO 17201 specifies methods for estimating the acoustic source data of muzzle blast and explosions and the source data of projectile sound on the basis of non-acoustic
31、data for firearms with calibres less than 20 mm and explosions less than 50 g TNT equivalent. This part of ISO 17201 addresses those cases where no source measurements exist or where the data necessary to calculate projectile sound according to ISO 17201-4 are unknown. An example of this situation w
32、ould be measuring projectile sound from shot guns pellets. This part of ISO 17201 can also be used as an interpolation method between measurements of muzzle blast. Source data are given in terms of spectral angular source energy covering the frequency range from 12,5 Hz to 10 kHz and can be used as
33、data input for sound propagation calculation. This part of ISO 17201 is not applicable to the prediction of sound levels for the assessment of hearing damage and cannot be used to predict sound pressure levels or sound exposure levels below a specific distance where linear acoustics does not apply.
34、2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 17201-1:2005, Acoustic
35、s Noise from shooting ranges Part 1: Determination of muzzle blast by measurement ISO 17201-4, Acoustics Noise from shooting ranges Part 4: Prediction of projectile sound 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 17201-1 and the following apply
36、. 3.1 General 3.1.1 air density density of air for the estimation conditions NOTE The air density is expressed in kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m3). EN ISO 17201-2:20062 3.1.2 angular frequency frequency multiplied by 2 NOTE The angular frequency is expressed in radians per second (rad/s) in all for
37、mulae. 3.1.3 coordinate system (x, y) plane coordinate system describing geometry, where the x-axis denotes the line of fire with x = 0 at the muzzle, and the y-axis measures the perpendicular distance from the line of fire in any plane around the line of fire NOTE 1 The sound field of projectile so
38、und is rotational symmetric around the line of fire. NOTE 2 The coordinates are given in metres (m). 3.1.4 cosine-coefficients c1,2 Ncoefficients of the cosine-transform used to describe the directivity of the angular source energy 3.1.5 deceleration angle difference between the radiation angle at t
39、he beginning and end of a part of the trajectory NOTE The deceleration angle is expressed in radians (rad) in all formulae. 3.1.6 specific chemical energy u specific chemical energy content of the propellant NOTE The specific chemical energy is usually expressed in joules per kilogram (J/kg) 3.1.7 l
40、ine of fire continuation of the axis of the barrel See Figure 1. NOTE Ballistic trajectories can be described as a sequence of straight lines. Then the methods apply to each segment. Corrections of the aiming device are ignored. EN ISO 17201-2:20063a) Side or elevation view b) Top or plan view Key 1
41、 muzzle 2 barrel 3 sight 4 line of fire 5 line of sight 6 target 7 trajectory 8 height of sight Figure 1 Line of fire and line of sight 3.1.8 projectile sound source energy Qpacoustic energy from a trajectory length of one metre NOTE 1 The projectile sound source energy is expressed in joules (J). N
42、OTE 2 See also 3.3.6. 3.1.9 propellant mass mcmass of the propellant NOTE The propellant mass is expressed in kilograms (kg). EN ISO 17201-2:20064 3.1.10 radiation angle angle between the line of fire and the wave number vector describing the local direction of the propagation of the projectile soun
43、d NOTE 1 The radiation angle is expressed in radians (rad) in all formulae. NOTE 2 is the 90 complement of the Mach angle. 3.1.11 angle alpha angle between the line of fire and a line from the muzzle to the receiver NOTE 1 See ISO 17201-1:2005, Figure 3. NOTE 2 The angle alpha is expressed in radian
44、s (rad) in all formulae. 3.1.12 sound exposure E time integral of frequency-weighted squared instantaneous sound pressure over the event duration time ()2dTE pt t=NOTE The sound exposure is expressed in pascal-squared seconds (Pa2s). 3.1.13 sound exposure level LE ten times the logarithm to the base
45、 10 of the ratio of the sound exposure to a reference value NOTE 1 The sound exposure level is expressed in decibels. NOTE 2 See also ISO 1996-1. NOTE 3 The sound exposure level of a single burst of sound or transient sound with duration time is given by the formula ()220010lg dTEptL tpT=dB where p(
46、t) is the instantaneous sound pressure as a function of time; p02T0is the reference value (20 Pa)2 1 s. 3.1.14 speed of sound in air c speed of sound for the estimation condition NOTE The speed of sound in air is expressed in metres per second (m/s). EN ISO 17201-2:200653.1.15 divergent area SSsize
47、of the area at a certain distance from the trajectory through which the sound radiated from the respective path of the trajectory is propagating NOTE The divergent area is expressed in square metres (m2). 3.1.16 propagation distance rSdistance between the source point of projectile sound, PS, and th
48、e receiver point, PR, NOTE The propagation distance is expressed in metres (m). 3.1.17 Weber radius RWradius of an equivalent radiating sphere of the “simple model of explosion” NOTE The Weber radius is expressed in metres (m). 3.1.18 Weber pressure pWsound pressure at the surface of the Weber spher
49、e NOTE The Weber pressure is expressed in pascals (Pa). 3.2 Directivity 3.2.1 correction factor due to source directivity cScorrection taking into account that different orders of Fourier functions contribute differently to the energy 3.2.2 directivity factor Y() directivity function in the direction of 3.3 Energy 3.3.1 effective angular source energy distribution QY() effective energy radiated into the direction , weighted by directivity NOTE The effective angul
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