BS EN ISO 17639-2013 Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds《金属材料焊接的破坏试验 焊接的宏观和微观检查》.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 17639:2013Destructive tests on weldsin metallic materials Macroscopic and microscopicexamination of weldsBS EN ISO 17639:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO17639:2013. It is identical to ISO 17639:2003. It

2、supersedes BS EN1321:1997 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee WEE/46, Non-destructive testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all t

3、he necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 81140 1ICS 25.160.40Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standa

4、rd was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 17639 August 2013 ICS 25.160.40 Supersedes EN 1321:1996English Version Destructive test

5、s on welds in metallic materials - Macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds (ISO 17639:2003) Essais destructifs des soudures sur matriaux mtalliques -Examens macroscopique et microscopique des assemblages souds (ISO 17639:2003) Zerstrende Prfung von Schweiverbindungen an metallischen Werksto

6、ffen - Makroskopische und mikroskopische Untersuchungen von Schweinhten (ISO 17639:2003) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 August 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status

7、of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, Germa

8、n). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,

9、 Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and Unite

10、d Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 17639:201

11、3: EBS EN ISO 17639:2013EN ISO 17639:2013 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 17639:2003 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 “Welding and allied processes” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 17639:2013 by Technical Committee CEN/TC

12、 121 “Welding” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by Februa

13、ry 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1321:1996. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal

14、Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irelan

15、d, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 17639:2003 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 17639:2013 without any modification. BS EN I

16、SO 17639:2013ISO 17639:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Abbreviations 2 5 Principle . 2 6 Purpose of the test 2 7 Removal of test specimens 2 8 Test procedure 4 8.1 General. 4 8.2 Test specimen prepara

17、tion 4 8.3 Surface finish 4 8.4 Etching methods . 4 8.5 Etchants . 5 8.6 Safety measures 5 9 Examination. 5 10 Designation 5 11 Test report 8 Annex A (informative) Example of a test report 9 BS EN ISO 17639:2013ISO 17639:2003(E) iv ISO 2003 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organiza

18、tion for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established

19、has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. In

20、ternational Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publi

21、cation as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent r

22、ights. ISO 17639 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 5, Testing and inspection of welds. Requests for official interpretation of any aspect of this International Standard should be directed to the Secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 5 via the member b

23、ody in the users country, a complete listing of which can be found at www.iso.org. BS EN ISO 17639:2013INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17639:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 1Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds 1 Scope This International S

24、tandard gives recommendations for specimen preparation, test procedures and their main objectives for macroscopic and microscopic examination. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cite

25、d applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6520-1, Welding and allied processes Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials Part 1: Fusion welding ISO 9956-3, Specification and approval of welding proce

26、dures for metallic materials Part 3: Welding procedure tests for arc welding of steels ISO 9956-4, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials Part 4: Welding procedure tests for the arc welding of aluminium and its alloys ISO/TR 15608, Welding Guidelines for a metallic m

27、aterials grouping system ISO/TR 16060, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Etchants for macroscopic and microscopic examination 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 macroscopic examination examination of a test specime

28、n by the naked eye, or under low magnification (generally less than 50), with or without etching 3.2 microscopic examination examination of a test specimen by microscope with a magnification of generally 50 to 500, with or without etching 3.3 operator person who performs the macroscopic and/or micro

29、scopic examination BS EN ISO 17639:2013ISO 17639:2003(E) 2 ISO 2003 All rights reserved4 Abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply. A Macroscopic examination I Microscopic examination E Etched U Unetched Abbreviations for parent metals shall be in accordance

30、with the grouping systems in ISO 9956-3 for steels and ISO 9956-4 for aluminium and its alloys. Grouping systems for other materials are given in ISO/TR 15608. The same grouping systems shall also be used for weld metal. The abbreviations for etchants should be taken from ISO/TR 16060 whenever appli

31、cable. NOTE A trade mark can be used if ISO/TR 16060 is not applicable. 5 Principle Macroscopic and microscopic examination is used to reveal the macroscopic or microscopic features of a welded joint, usually by the examination of transverse sections. This is done by visual and/or optical examinatio

32、n of the prepared surface, before or after etching. 6 Purpose of the test The purpose of macroscopic and microscopic examinations is to assess the structure (including grain structure, morphology and orientation, precipitates and inclusions) independently and/or in relation to various cracks and cav

33、ities. Sections can also provide a record of sample shape in the planes of the section. Table 1 gives guidance on the assessment of features which can be detected by macroscopic and microscopic examination. 7 Removal of test specimens Test specimens are generally oriented perpendicular to the weld a

34、xis (transverse section), including the weld deposit and heat affected zones on both sides of the weld. However, test specimens may also apply to other orientations. The location, orientation and number of test pieces should be specified prior to testing, for example by reference to an application s

35、tandard. BS EN ISO 17639:2013ISO 17639:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 3Table 1 Guidelines for assessment of features by microscopic and macroscopic examination Features Defect in accordance with ISO 6520-1 Macro examination without etchingMacro examination with etching Micro examination withou

36、t etching Micro examination with etching 1 Hot cracks 100 X X X X 2 Cold cracks 100 X X X X3 Lamellar tearing 100 X X X X 4 Cavities 200 X X X X5 Inclusions 300 X X X X 6 Lack of fusion/penetration 400 X X X X7 Geometrical shape 500 X X 8 Heat affected zone X X 9 Runs and layers X (X) 10 Grain bound

37、ary (X) X 11 Grain structure X12 Solidification structure X X 13 Joint preparation (X) X X X 14 Direction of rolling/extrusion X X15 Direction of fibre structure (grains) X X 16 Segregation X X 17 Precipitation X18 Repair and non-conformance (X) X (X) X 19 Mechanical/thermal effects X X X means feat

38、ures revealed; (X) means features may or may not be revealed NOTE A number of the features listed may be beyond the resolution of an optical microscope, e.g. precipitates and inclusions. BS EN ISO 17639:2013ISO 17639:2003(E) 4 ISO 2003 All rights reserved8 Test procedure 8.1 General The following in

39、formation shall be given: parent metals and welding consumables; object of the test; composition/name of the etchant; surface finish (see 8.3); etching methods (see 8.4); etching time; additional measures (see 8.6); any additional requirements. 8.2 Test specimen preparation The test specimen shall b

40、e prepared for examination by cutting, mounting, grinding and/or polishing and/or etching as appropriate (see ISO/TR 16060). The surface to be examined shall not be adversely influenced by these processes. 8.3 Surface finish The requirement for surface finish depends on aspects such as type of exami

41、nation (macroscopic or microscopic); type of material; documentation (such as photographs). NOTE Details of the grinding and polishing media and methods of grinding and polishing are given in ISO/TR 16060. 8.4 Etching methods The method of etching shall be specified prior to etching. The most common

42、 methods are etching by immersing the test specimen in the etchant; etching by swabbing the surface of the test specimen; electrolytic etching. Other methods may be used but should be specified, e.g. by reference to an application standard. When etching is completed, the test specimen should be wash

43、ed and dried. BS EN ISO 17639:2013ISO 17639:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 58.5 Etchants Typical etchants for various parent metals, weld deposits, purposes and types of examination are given in ISO/TR 16060. Depending on the information required, the type and concentration of the etchant as w

44、ell as the etching temperature and time may be varied according to the material and type of examination. For similar joints, different etchants may be used. 8.6 Safety measures The following safety measures shall be observed: wear eye or face protection, as appropriate; handle etchants with suitable

45、 gloves or tongs; mixtures shall be made in a fume cupboard or under a fume hood; always pour acid into water and not vice versa; always pour solute into solvent; i.e. the smaller quantity (solute) into the larger quantity (solvent). 9 Examination The prepared surface may be examined before and/or a

46、fter etching, as appropriate, or in accordance with the relevant standards and/or specifications. 10 Designation The examination shall be designated as follows: reference to this International Standard; type of examination (macroscopic or microscopic examination); unetched or etched; object of the t

47、est (weld metal and/or parent metal); welded joints (parent metal left, parent metal right and weld metal); etchant (number of the table in ISO/TR 16060). The designation may be given in a full or a shortened version: this is shown in examples 1 and 2. NOTE The object of the test should be expressed

48、 between hyphens. BS EN ISO 17639:2013ISO 17639:2003(E) 6 ISO 2003 All rights reservedEXAMPLE 1 Full version A microscopic examination with the following conditions: Etched; Object of the test: 43; Parent metal left: 5.4 right: 9.2 Consumable: 43 Etchant: xy EXAMPLE 1a) Object of the test: Weld meta

49、l only Examination - ISO 17639 - I - E - 43 - 5.4 / 9.2 / 43 / xy where ISO 17639 = reference to this International Standard; I = microscopic examination; E = etched; 43 = object of the test; 5.4 = steel with Cr max. 9 %, Mo max. 1,2 %; 9.2 = austenitic stainless steel; 43 = weld metal: Ni/Fe/Cr/Mo with Ni max. 40 %; xy = etchant. NOTE xy stands for table number in the relevant annex of ISO/