BS EN ISO 18365-2013 Hydrometry Selection establishment and operation of a gauging station《液体比重测定法 水文测量站的选址 建立和操作》.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 18365:2013Hydrometry Selection,establishment and operation ofa gauging stationBS EN ISO 18365:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO18365:2013. It supersedes BS 3680-3B:1997 and BS ISO/TR 8363:1997which are wi

2、thdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CPI/113/1, Hydrometric methods and instrumentation.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovis

3、ions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 79597 8ICS 17.120.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published u

4、nder the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 18365 December 2013 ICS 17.120.20 English Version Hydrometry - Selection, establishment and operation of

5、a gauging station (ISO 18365:2013) Hydromtrie - Slection, tablissement et exploitation dune station hydromtrique (ISO 18365:2013) Hydrometrie - Auswahl, Einrichtung und Betrieb einer Pegelstation (ISO 18365:2013) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 November 2013. CEN members are bound t

6、o comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-C

7、ENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has

8、the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxe

9、mbourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Bruss

10、els 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 18365:2013 EBS EN ISO 18365:2013EN ISO 18365:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 18365:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 113 “Hydrometry” in col

11、laboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 318 “Hydrometry” the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2014, and conflicting national standards s

12、hall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Re

13、gulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,

14、 Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 18365:2013 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18365:2013 without any modification. BS EN ISO

15、 18365:2013ISO 18365:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms, definitions and symbols 14 General requirements and considerations . 14.1 Requirements . 14.2 Other constraints 25 Water level (Stage) only gauging stations 25.1 Prelimina

16、ry survey and selection criteria . 25.2 Stage measurement and recording 36 Stage-discharge gauging stations 46.1 General . 46.2 Main elements of a stage-discharge gauging station . 57 Stage- discharge gauging stations using hydraulic structures 67.1 General . 67.2 Site selection . 67.3 Types of hydr

17、aulic structures . 68 Velocity-discharge gauging stations . 78.1 Applications and types of instrument . 78.2 Site selection . 88.3 Calibration 88.4 Transit time (acoustic) method 88.5 Doppler 98.6 Acoustic (echo) correlation velocity meters 108.7 Electromagnetic method (Full channel width coil) 109

18、Measurement under difficult conditions .109.1 Ice and frost conditions 109.2 Weed growth 119.3 Extreme sedimentation conditions 1110 Operation and maintenance 1110.1 General 1110.2 Water level (Stage) only gauging stations 1110.3 Stage-discharge gauging stations. 1210.4 Stage-discharge gauging stati

19、ons using hydraulic structures .1210.5 Velocity-discharge gauging stations 12Annex A (informative) Applicable conditions for selection of discharge measurement method 13Bibliography .16BS EN ISO 18365:2013ISO 18365:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwid

20、e federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that

21、 committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this docume

22、nt and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives

23、, Part 2. www.iso.org/directivesAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the

24、 document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patentsAny trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and e

25、xpressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 113, Hydrometry, Subcommittee SC 1,

26、 Velocity area methods.ISO 18365 cancels and replaces ISO 1100-1:1996 and ISO/TR 8363:1997, which have been merged and technically revised.iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 18365:2013INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18365:2013(E)Hydrometry Selection, establishment and operation of a gauging station

27、1 ScopeThis International Standard gives requirements for the establishment and operation of a gauging station for the measurement of stage, or stage and discharge, of a lake, reservoir, river or canal or other artificial open channel. It also describes how a gauging station utilizing one of the mea

28、surement methods listed should be operated and maintained.Requirements are provided for stage only measurement stations, stagedischarge stations and direct-discharge measurement stations in natural channels, as well as for stagedischarge stations with artificial structures. Additionally, some requir

29、ements are given for measurements under difficult conditions, such as under ice conditions.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.

30、For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 772, Hydrometry Vocabulary and symbols3 Terms, definitions and symbolsFor the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions and symbols given in ISO 772 apply.4 General requirements and c

31、onsiderations4.1 RequirementsBefore commencing work on establishment and operation of a gauging station, the following requirements shall be identified:a) range of levels required to be measured;b) range of flows required to be measured;c) customers requirements for type of data;d) customers require

32、ments for timeliness of data;e) allowable uncertainty in the results;f) other potential users of the data;g) life expectancy of the station;h) available budget;i) agreements for access to land and construction permits. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 18365:2013ISO 18365:2013(E)4.2 Other cons

33、traintsIn addition to the requirements as in 4.1, other constraints shall be identified including the following:a) local environmental issues;b) accessibility of the site under all conditions of flow;c) availability of power and communication links;d) stability of the watercourse embankments;e) stab

34、ility of the watercourse bed;f) identification of any proposed hydraulic modifications planned for the future;e.g. bridges, tunnels (including pipe crossings), harbours or piers;g) potential of vandalism;h) influence of submergence of the gauging site due to downstream impoundingstructures (lakes, d

35、ams, weirs);i) potential stream losses in karst areas;j) aquatic weed growth in the watercourse;k) ice conditions during winter in cold and arctic regions.Knowledge of the above requirements and local constraints will ensure the provision of appropriate measurement and recording facilities as well a

36、s the adoption of an appropriate maintenance philosophy.5 Water level (Stage) only gauging stations5.1 Preliminary survey and selection criteria5.1.1 GeneralThe site selected for determination of stage shall be selected according to the purpose for which the readings are required. Accessibility of t

37、he site and the availability of an observer if the gauge is to be non-recording are important criteria as is the availability of an appropriate power supply and data communication capabilities if the gauge is to be recording.Gauges on lakes and reservoirs are normally located near the outlet, but sh

38、all be located sufficiently far away from the zone where an increase in velocity causes a drawdown in water level. Gauges on large bodies of water shall also be located so as to reduce the effect of strong winds which may cause misleading data which may not be representative of the body of water bei

39、ng measured. Hydraulic conditions (preferably a sufficiently long uniform stretch of water channel with uniform bed topography) are important factors in site selection in open channels, particularly where water levels may later be used in the computation of discharge. To ensure repeatability of the

40、readings, ideally a bed or channel control shall be present, which itself shall be stable and sensitive to changes in the level of the water. For the purpose of monitoring water levels e.g. for flood warning purposes, this may not be a strict requirement.5.1.2 Preliminary surveyA detailed examinatio

41、n of a 1:50,000 or larger scale map of the area is required in the first instance. Aerial surveys, satellite imagery, or maps available in the public domain such as Google Earth can be used as a basis for selecting potential sites, which can then be evaluated more precisely by ground reconnaissance.

42、 This will include a detailed visual examination. Enquiries shall be made to determine 2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 18365:2013ISO 18365:2013(E)whether or not any plans exist for the modification of the river reach which would modify the stream bed regime and would have an impact on the pr

43、oposed gauging station.Enquiries shall also be made into any known past flow history including low water events, floods and other high water events, existence of any overflow area leading to flow by-passing the site, and very importantly, any knowledge of bed instability.It may be appropriate to dis

44、cuss and outline proposals at an early stage with the owners of the site identified to ensure they are amenable to the proposed installation.Surveys of channel geometry and flow velocity patterns using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler may provide useful information.Collection of data from hydrom

45、etric measurement stations is dominated by the use of telemetry; availability and quality of methods of data transmission shall be investigated.5.1.3 Selection criteriaA list of potential sites shall be established with their advantages and disadvantages identified. Site selection can then be made a

46、ccording to the criteria identified in Clause 4. The establishment of the gauge zero shall be chosen so as to avoid negative readings. Thus it shall be set well below the level of the control feature. This zero point shall be correlated with a national datum through a station benchmark and should be

47、 checked annually with respect to this benchmark. This will ensure that, should loss or damage to the reference gauge occur, it can be replaced at exactly the same level.The benchmark itself shall be checked regularly in order to confirm that it still represents the national datum. The frequency of

48、such checks shall be dependent on local soil dynamics.5.2 Stage measurement and recording5.2.1 GeneralThe reading of stage may be required as a single instantaneous measurement, as a short series of instantaneous measurements or as a continuous or practically continuous record of the fluctuations of

49、 stage. The basis of any of the above shall include the installation of a vertical staff gauge, a ramp gauge, or a wire-weight gauge.5.2.2 Vertical staff gaugeA vertical staff gauge comprises a scale (normally 1 metre in length with graduations or scale divisions of 5 or 10 mm) marked on or securely attached to a suitable and stable vertical surface. The gauge shall be made of material with a low coefficient of expansion. Where the range of measurement required exceeds the capacity of a single vertical gauge, other gauges shall be installed on the line