1、BS EN ISO 18847:2016Solid biofuels Determinationof particle density ofpellets and briquettes (ISO18847:2016)BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN ISO 18847:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO
2、18847:2016. It supersedes BS EN 15150:2011 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/17, Solid biofuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to inc
3、lude all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 83584 1 ICS 27.190; 75.160.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligati
4、ons.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 18847 September 2016 ICS 75.160.10; 27.190
5、Supersedes EN 15150:2011English Version Solid biofuels - Determination of particle density of pellets and briquettes (ISO 18847:2016) Biocombustibles solides - Dtermination de la masse volumique unitaire des granuls et des briquettes (ISO 18847:2016) Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Bestimmung der Partikel
6、dichte von Pellets und Briketts (ISO 18847:2016) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 August 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alte
7、ration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language mad
8、e by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Eston
9、ia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDA
10、RDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 18847:2016 EBS EN ISO 18847:2016EN IS
11、O 18847:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN ISO 18847:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 “Solid biofuels” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status
12、of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
13、 patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 15150:2011. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this Europ
14、ean Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slov
15、enia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 18847:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18847:2016 without any modification. BS EN ISO 18847:2016ISO 18847:2016(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definiti
16、ons . 14 Principle 15 Reagents 16 Apparatus . 26.1 General apparatus requirements 26.2 Apparatus for pellet testing . 26.3 Apparatus for briquette testing 37 Sample preparation . 48 Procedure. 58.1 Procedure for pellets . 58.2 Procedure for briquettes 69 Calculation 610 Precision and bias . 710.1 Ge
17、neral . 710.2 Repeatability . 710.3 Reproducibility . 711 Test report . 7Annex A (informative) Stereometric volume estimation 9Bibliography .12 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 18847:2016ISO 18847:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worl
18、dwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on
19、that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this do
20、cument and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Direct
21、ives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the developm
22、ent of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO spec
23、ific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/T
24、C 238, Solid biofuels.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 18847:2016ISO 18847:2016(E)IntroductionParticle density is a fuel parameter of pellets and briquettes which is often considered when describing the degree of compaction of the raw material used. Particle density can be highly specific fo
25、r the respective type or species of biomass and thus, it also characterizes the materials general ability to be compacted. High particle density is often associated with high resistance to abrasion or low susceptibility towards fracturing during handling and storage. A high particle density also gen
26、erally leads to reduced storage volume demands and to a lower filling level in combustion chamber at constant fuel mass flow. Particle density can also affect the heat transfer rate within the fuel and thus, it can have an impact on fuel ignition and on the dynamics of gasification.Apart from the bu
27、oyancy method which is described in this International Standard as reference method, larger particles (briquettes) are sometimes easier tested by simple stereometric means. For internal laboratory practices, such a procedure is also presented in Annex A. For small particles (pellets), this procedure
28、 is not recommended. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 18847:2016BS EN ISO 18847:2016Solid biofuels Determination of particle density of pellets and briquettes1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies the method for determining the particle density of compressed fuels such as pellets or bri
29、quettes. Particle density is not an absolute value and conditions for its determination have to be standardized to enable comparative determinations to be made.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for it
30、s application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 147801), Solid biofuels Sample preparationISO 16559, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptionsISO 18134-1,
31、Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 1: Total moisture Reference methodISO 18134-2, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 2: Total moisture Simplified methodISO 181352), Solid biofuels Sampling3 Terms and definitionsFor the purpose of
32、this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16559 apply.4 PrincipleBoth mass and volume of an individual particle or a group of particles are determined. The volume is measured by determining the buoyancy in a liquid. This procedure follows the physical principle that the buoyancy is equal
33、 to the mass of the displaced volume of a liquid. The apparent loss in mass between a measurement in air and a subsequent measurement in liquid marks its buoyancy. The volume of the test portion body is calculated via the density of the applied liquid.NOTE The particle density of briquettes could al
34、ternatively be estimated by stereometric means (see Annex A).5 Reagents5.1 Water with low content of ions, (e.g. drinking water quality) in a temperature range of 10 C to 30 C.1) To be published.2) To be published.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18847:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 18847
35、:2016ISO 18847:2016(E)5.2 A detergent named O-4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl-deca(oxyethylen), Octylphenoldecaethylen-glycolether, Polyethylenglycol-mono-p-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl-ether.NOTE The exclusive use of this specific detergent with given characteristics allows to apply a fixe
36、d value for the density of the liquid (mixture with water) and ensures constant properties as wetting agent. The detergent is traded for example under the name Triton X-100. The density at +20 C is 1,07 g/ml.5.3 Paraffin, with a melting point of 52 C to 54 C.6 Apparatus6.1 General apparatus requirem
37、entsA thermometer capable of reading to the nearest 1 C.6.2 Apparatus for pellet testing6.2.1 A balance, having sufficient accuracy to determine the mass to the nearest 0,001 g.Due to the high sensitivity of the balance, the test rig shall be placed into a wind protection cabinet to allow undisturbe
38、d and immediate reading of the displayed values.6.2.2 A transparent glass beaker of about 200 ml filling volume.6.2.3 A density determination rig placed on a balance.The rig consists of a bridge, which overstretches the weighing plate of the balance in order to prevent the balance from being loaded.
39、 The bridge is capable of carrying the glass beaker (6.2.2). Through a supporting frame with suspension rods, a weighing dish (“submergence dish”) is hung into the glass beaker (Figure 1), which is filled with liquid (5.1). The dish shall be able to accommodate at least four pellets at once. Both th
40、e supporting frame and the submergence dish are directly loaded on the balance plate. The submergence apparatus (the dish and the suspension) can be removed when loaded with pellets. Through the dish suspension, the submergence depth is always kept constant. The bottom of the submergence dish is per
41、forated by openings, which are smaller in diameter than the diameter of the pellets. This perforation allows the liquid to fill the dish from underneath when it is submerged. If test portion material of low density is tested (below 1,0 g/cm3), a modified suspension having an inverted submergence dis
42、h is required; this is to force the pellets underneath the liquid surface and prevent them from floating on top of the liquid. For the determination of the mass in air, it is useful to use a combined test rig where an additional upper weighing dish is fixed to the suspension (Figure 1).2 ISO 2016 Al
43、l rights reservedBS EN ISO 18847:2016ISO 18847:2016(E)Key1 weighing plate of balance2 bridge3 perforated submergence dish (for weighing in water)4 dish (for weighing in air)5 glass beaker6 dish suspension7 supporting frame8 display of balanceNOTE Submergence dish for pellets with density below 1,0 g
44、/m3is not shown in this figure.Figure 1 Buoyancy determination rig on a balance (method for pellets)6.3 Apparatus for briquette testing6.3.1 A balance, having sufficient accuracy to determine the mass to the nearest 0,01 g.If briquettes of more than 500 g each are tested, the accuracy of the balance
45、 can be reduced to 0,1 g. The balance shall have a connecting point for hanging a weight to its load cell.6.3.2 A transparent container, for liquid having a sufficient filling volume to accommodate the liquid and the submerged briquette.A sufficient filling volume is usually achieved when the contai
46、ners cross section is about eight times larger than the cross section of the briquette. In this case, any effects by level changes of the liquid caused by submersion of the briquette are negligible. Such error would be due to a larger part of the holding steel string (see 6.3.3) being submerged.6.3.
47、3 A non-absorbent thin steel string, which can be hung to the connecting point of the balance.The end of the string is equipped with a hook or a ring, which allows an easy appending of the briquette. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 18847:2016ISO 18847:2016(E)6.3.4 A tripod, where the balance
48、 can be placed on.The tripod should have a plate with an opening which allows the string to pass through unhindered to the balance (Figure 2) while hanging.6.3.5 A steel loop or any other steel support device, to which the briquette can be fixed while freely hanging and which allows to be fixed to t
49、he lower connecting point (Figure 2) of the steel string.6.3.6 A removable weight, required if test material of low density is tested (below 1,0 g/cm3), which is positioned onto the briquette in a way which prevents the briquette from floating on top of the liquid.Key1 carrying plate with opening2 balance3 steel string4 transparent container5 test sample (briquette)6 connecting ring or hook7 tripodFigure 2 Buoyancy determination rig using a hanging load to a balance (method for briquettes)7 Sample preparation7.1 A l
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