1、BS EN ISO24415-1:2009ICS 11.180.10,NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDTips for assistiveproducts for walking Requirements and testmethodsPart 1: Friction of tips (ISO24415-1:2009)This British Standardwas published under theauthority of the Standards
2、Policy and StrategyCommittee on 30 June2009. BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 56556 4Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN ISO 24415-1:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO24415-1:2009.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to T
3、echnicalCommittee CH/173, Assistive products for persons with disability.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct appl
4、ication.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 24415-1April 2009ICS 11.180.10English VersionTips for assistive products for walking - Requirements and testmethods - Part 1: Friction of tips (ISO 24415-1:20
5、09)Embouts pour produits dassistance la marche -Exigences et mthodes dessai - Partie 1: Frottement desembouts (ISO 24415-1:2009)Puffer fr technische Gehhilfen - Anforderungen undPrfungen - Teil 1: Reibung der Puffer (ISO 24415-1:2009)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 March 2009.CEN me
6、mbers are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on applicati
7、on to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
8、 same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,R
9、omania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedwo
10、rldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 24415-1:2009: EBS EN ISO 24415-1:2009EN ISO 24415-1:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 24415-1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 173 “Technical systems and aids for disabled or handicapped persons“ in collaboration with Tech
11、nical Committee CEN/TC 293 “Assistive products for persons with disability” the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2009, and conflicting n
12、ational standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the C
13、EN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
14、 Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 24415-1:2009 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 24415-1:2009 without any modification. BS EN ISO 24415-1:2009ISO 24415-1:200
15、9(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body
16、interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotech
17、nical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by t
18、he technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent right
19、s. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 24415-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 173, Assistive products for persons with disability. ISO 24415 consists of the following parts, under the general title Tips for assistive products for walking R
20、equirements and test methods: Part 1: Friction of tips The following part is under preparation: Part 2: Durability of tips for crutches BS EN ISO 24415-1:2009ISO 24415-1:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedIntroduction A frictional performance of the tips attached to the bottom of assistive produ
21、cts for walking is a key concern ensuring user safety. Friction between the tips and the walking surface is an extraordinarily important factor by which a user can confirm his/her motion. The tips are used on many different assistive products for walking, including canes, walking sticks, crutches, w
22、alking frames, rollators and walking tables and are produced in many different sizes and made of many different materials depending on the assistive products for walking to which they are applied. Tips with a variety of bottom shapes for a particular kind of assistive product for walking are also av
23、ailable on the market. In the friction test method found in this part of ISO 24415, tips of original shape are used. In real situations, not only pure frictional characteristics but also the shape and pattern of the bottom surface against the walking surface can affect the locomotive performance. Th
24、is part of ISO 24415 specifies a test with which the frictional force is measured on tip products themselves in order to ensure that the tips with necessarily frictional characteristics are used and it helps to exclude the tips with unacceptably poor frictional characteristics. BS EN ISO 24415-1:200
25、9INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 24415-1:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Tips for assistive products for walking Requirements and test methods Part 1: Friction of tips 1 Scope This part of ISO 24415 specifies requirements and test methods for the friction between the tips for assistive products for
26、 walking and the walking surface. This part of ISO 24415 is not applicable to tips manufactured for special purposes. The requirements and test method are based on a usage of tips for ordinary gait on the dry and flat walking surface. EXAMPLE 1 Examples of assistive products for walking are walking
27、sticks, elbow crutches, forearm crutches, auxillary crutches, walking frames, rollators and walking tables. EXAMPLE 2 An example of special purposes is ice and/or snow. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated referen
28、ces, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 9999, Assistive products for persons with disability Classification and terminology 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the follow
29、ing terms and definitions apply. 3.1 tip that part of the assistive product for walking, which is in contact with the walking surface See Figure 1. 3.2 test track surface against which the tip is to be tested 3.3 test velocity relative velocity between the tip and the test track BS EN ISO 24415-1:20
30、09ISO 24415-1:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved3.4 frictional force force required to move the test track and the tip relative to each other 3.5 frictional force to be recorded value of the frictional force determined from the test See Annex A. 3.6 axial loading force force exerted on the tips
31、along the longitudinal axis of the loading shaft 3.7 temperature of test temperature of the tip, test apparatus and its environment 4 Requirements The minimum frictional force shall be not less than 25 N when tested in accordance with 6.3. Key 1 tip Figure 1 Tips BS EN ISO 24415-1:2009ISO 24415-1:20
32、09(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 35 Test apparatus 5.1 Test device The test device consists of a test track, a loading force mechanism, a pulling mechanism and a recording system. The tip and track shall move relative to each other linearly while the tip is placed on the test track and an axial lo
33、ad applied. The principle of the test apparatus is shown in Figure 2 and additional information is given in Annex B. The whole test apparatus shall be rigid. All linkages shall be made with rods but not with wire. 5.2 Test track The air side of the float glass shall be used for the test track. The t
34、est track shall be moved, relative to the tip, by the pulling mechanism. 5.3 Loading force mechanism The loading force mechanism consists of a loading shaft having an outside dimension equivalent to the leg dimension as specified by the manufacturer and shall be positioned at an angle of (70 2) to t
35、he test track (see Figure 2). The loading mechanism shall exert an axial loading force of (50 1) N to the tip along the loading shaft. The mechanism used shall allow for separation of the tip from the test track, while the test track is reset to its initial position. 5.4 Pulling mechanism The pullin
36、g mechanism shall give a constant test velocity of (500 25) mm/min regardless of the magnitude of the pulling force. The test velocity shall be reached within 0,3 s. 5.5 Frictional force measurement The frictional force shall be recorded by a waveform-viewing device or a data-recording system. The r
37、ecording shall be of an accuracy of 2 %. The measuring system shall be able to measure at least 200 N. BS EN ISO 24415-1:2009ISO 24415-1:2009(E) 4 ISO 2009 All rights reservedKey 1 test track 2 tip 3 loading force mechanism aDirection of movement. bAxial loading force. Figure 2 Loading geometry 6 Te
38、st method 6.1 Preparation Wash the tip with neutral detergent and rinse with water. Place the tip for at least 3 h in the testing environment. Three test samples shall be prepared. 6.2 Testing environment The test shall be carried out at a temperature of (23 2) C and a relative humidity of (50 10) %
39、. 6.3 Test procedure The test procedure shall be as follows: a) wipe the test track with anhydrous ethanol; b) fix the sample tip to the shaft; c) place the sample tip on the test track at an angle of (70 2); d) exert a loading force via and normal to the inside base of the tip; BS EN ISO 24415-1:20
40、09ISO 24415-1:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 5e) maintain the axial loading force at (50 1) N for the duration of the test; f) within 5 min, move the sample tip relative to the test track in a linear direction with a speed of (500 25) mm/min for at least 3 s; g) when returning the test sample
41、tip to the start position, the test sample shall be lifted clear of the test track; h) perform the test described in f) and g) three times without recording the frictional force waveforms; i) perform the test described in f) and g) five times recording the frictional force waveforms; determine the v
42、alue of the frictional force to be recorded for these five latter frictional force waveforms and calculate and note the average of these five values (see Annex A); j) repeat a) to i) using the other two samples. The lowest average value obtained from testing the three samples of each tip model shall
43、 be the final result. 7 Test report The test report shall contain, but not be limited to, the following information: a) name and address of the manufacturer; b) name and address of the supplier of the product for test; c) name and address of the testing institution; d) classification code and name i
44、n accordance with ISO 9999; e) manufacturers product type and model identification name and/or number; f) suppliers product type and model identification name and/or number; g) maximum outer diameter of the tip measured within 5 mm up from the walking surface when the tip is perpendicular to the wal
45、king surface; h) inner diameter, internal depth, and photographs to obtain side and bottom shapes; i) accuracy of the measurement system, frequency range for the analogue system and sampling rate for the digital system; j) the lowest value of the three tests described in 6.3; k) month and year when
46、the test was performed; l) whether or not the product complies with the requirements of this part of ISO 24415. BS EN ISO 24415-1:2009ISO 24415-1:2009(E) 6 ISO 2009 All rights reservedAnnex A (normative) How to determine the frictional force to be recorded In the friction test, frictional force data
47、 need to be recorded by a measurement device, as waveforms. Characteristics of the friction of tips vary according to their materials, bottom shapes and thickness of bottom, etc. Some waveforms that could be measured in this test are shown in Figure A.1. Each frictional force to be recorded is defin
48、ed by circle (). a) b) c) d) Key X time, in seconds Y frictional force, in newtons Figure A.1 Examples of waveforms In these measurements, the frictional force is defined as the initial peak, or, when no peak appears within 3 s, as the value recorded after 3 s (or at 3 s). BS EN ISO 24415-1:2009ISO
49、24415-1:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 7Annex B (informative) Examples of test apparatus Models of test apparatus are illustrated in Figures B.1 and B.2. The apparatuses as shown in Figure B.1 and B.2 consist of a test track, a load cell, a sliding table, a loading mechanism and a pulling mechanism. The test track is placed on ball bearings and is connected to the load cell which is installed on the sliding table. In this mechanism, the horizontal movement of the test track is carried out by t
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