BS EN ISO 7726-2001 Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Instruments for measuring physical quantities《热环境的人类工效学 物理量测量仪器》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 7726:2001 Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1 Ergonomics of the thermal environment Instruments for measuring physical quantities The European Standard EN ISO 7726:2001 has the status of a British Standard ICS 13.180 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COP

2、YRIGHT LAWBS EN ISO 7726:2001 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Health and Environments Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 06 November 2001 BSI 20 February 2002 ISBN 0 580 3865

3、1 1 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN ISO 7726:2001. It is identical with ISO 7726:1998 and supersedes BS EN 27726:1994 (ISO 7726:1985), which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PH/9, Applied

4、 Ergonomics, to Subcommittee PH/9/1, Thermal Environments, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to

5、in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract

6、. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretat

7、ion, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN ISO title page, the EN ISO foreword page, the ISO title page,

8、 pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 51, the annex ZA page, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 13697 Corrigendum No. 1 20 February 2002 Addition of sup

9、ersession detailsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM ENISO7726 July2001 ICS13.180 SupersedesEN27726:1993 Englishversion ErgonomicsofthethermalenvironmentInstrumentsfor measuringphysicalquantities(ISO7726:1998) ErgonomiedesambiancesthermiquesAppareilsde mesuredesgrandeursphysiques(ISO7726:

10、1998) UmgebungsklimaInstrumentezurMessung physikalischerGren(ISO7726:1998) ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon10May2001. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptoda

11、telistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlangu

12、ageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOM

13、MITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2001CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.ENISO7726:2001EINESO77:6202(10E) 2 Foreword ThetextoftheInternationalSt

14、andardfromTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC159“Ergonomics“of theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)hasbeentakenoverasanEuropean StandardbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC122“Ergonomics“,thesecretariatofwhichisheld byDIN. ThisEuropeanStandardreplacesEN27726:1993. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatus

15、ofanationalstandard,eitherbypublication ofanidenticaltextorbyendorsement,atthelatestbyJanuary2002,andconflictingnational standardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatestbyJanuary2002. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsof thefollowingcountriesareboundtoimplementthisEur

16、opeanStandard:Austria,Belgium, CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy, Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnited Kingdom. Endorsementnotice ThetextoftheInternationalStandardISO7726:1998hasbeenapprovedbyCENasa EuropeanStandardwithou

17、tanymodification. NOTE:NormativereferencestoInternationalStandardsarelistedinannexZA(normative). ENISO7726:2001A Referencenumbe r ISO7726:1998 (E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7726 Secondedition 19981101 Ergonomicsofthethermalenvironment Instrumentsformeasuringphysical quantities Ergonomiedesambiances

18、thermiquesAppareilsdemesuredes grandeursphysiques ENISO7726:2001ii Contents Page 1 Scope. 1 2 Normativereference 1 3 General 1 4 Measuringinstruments 2 5 Specificationsrelatingtomeasuringmethods . 5 AnnexA Measurementofairtemperature. 12 AnnexB Measurementofthemeanradianttemperature14 AnnexC Measure

19、mentofplaneradianttemperature 28 AnnexD Measurementoftheabsolutehumidityoftheair 35 AnnexE Measurementofairvelocity. 45 AnnexF Measurementofsurfacetemperature . 48 AnnexG Measurementofoperativetemperature 49 AnnexH Bibliography. 51 ENISO7726:2001iii Foreword ISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStanda

20、rdization)isaworldwide federationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISOmemberbodies).Theworkof preparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISO technicalcommittees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhich atechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhastherighttoberepresented onthatcommittee.Internati

21、onalorganizations,governmentalandnon governmental,inliaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISO collaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission (IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization. DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesare circulatedtothememberbodies

22、forvoting.PublicationasanInternational Standardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75%ofthememberbodiescasting avote. InternationalStandardISO7726waspreparedbyTechnicalCommittee ISO/TC159, Ergonomics,SubcommitteeSC5, Ergonomics ofthephy sical environment. Thissecondeditioncancelsandreplacesthefirstedition(ISO7

23、726:1985), ofwhichitconstitutesatechnicalrevision. AnnexesAtoHofthisInternationalStandardareforinformationonly. ENISO7726:2001iv Introduction ThisdocumentisoneofaseriesofInternationalStandardsintendedfor useinthestudyofthermalenvironments. ThisseriesofInternationalStandardsdealsinparticularwith thef

24、inalizationofdefinitionsforthetermstobeusedinthemethodsof measurement,testingorinterpretation,takingintoaccountstandards alreadyinexistenceorintheprocessofbeingdrafted; thelayingdownofspecificationsrelatingtothemethodsformeasuring thephysicalquantitieswhichcharacterizethermalenvironments; theselecti

25、onofoneormoremethodsforinterpretingtheparameters; thespecificationofrecommendedvaluesorlimitsofexposureforthe thermalenvironmentscomingwithinthecomfortrangeandforextreme environments(bothhotandcold); thespecificationofmethodsformeasuringtheefficiencyofdevicesor processesforpersonalorcollectiveprotec

26、tionfromheatorcold. Anymeasuringinstrumentwhichachievestheaccuracyindicatedinthis InternationalStandard,orevenbetterimproveson,maybeused. Thedescriptionorlistingofcertaininstrumentsintheannexescanonly signifythattheyare“recommended“,sincecharacteristicsofthese instrumentsmayvaryaccordingtothemeasuri

27、ngprinciple,their constructionandthewayinwhichtheyareused.Itisuptousersto comparethequalityoftheinstrumentsavailableonthemarketatanygiven momentandtocheckthattheyconformtothespecificationscontainedin thisInternationalStandard. ENISO7726:2001LANOITANRETNIDRADNATS OSI )E(8991:6277OSI 1 Ergonomicsofthe

28、thermalenvironmentInstrumentsfor measuringphysicalquantities 1Scope ThisInternationalStandardspecifiestheminimumcharacteristicsofinstrumentsformeasuringphysicalquantities characterizinganenvironmentaswellasthemethodsformeasuringthephysicalquantitiesofthisenvironment. Itdoesnotaimtodefineanoverallind

29、exofcomfortorthermalstressbutsimplytostandardizetheprocessof recordinginformationleadingtothedeterminationofsuchindices.OtherInternationalStandardsgivedetailsofthe methodsmakinguseoftheinformationobtainedinaccordancewiththisstandard. ThisInternationalStandardisusedasareferencewhenestablishing a) spe

30、cificationsformanufacturersandusersofinstrumentsformeasuringthephysicalquantitiesofthe environment; b) awrittencontractbetweentwopartiesforthemeasurementofthesequantities. Itappliestotheinfluenceofhot,moderate,comfortableorcoldenvironmentsonpeople. 2Normative reference Thefollowingstandardcontainspr

31、ovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthistext,constituteprovisionsofthis InternationalStandard.Atthetimeofpublication,theeditionindicatedwasvalid.Allstandardsaresubjectto revision,andpartiestoagreementsbasedonthisInternationalStandardareencouragedtoinvestigatethe possibilityofapplyingthemostrecentedition

32、ofthestandardindicatedbelow.MembersofISOandIECmaintain registersofcurrentlyvalidInternationalStandards. ISO7730:1994, ModeratethermalenvironmentsDeterminationofthePMVandPPDindicesandspecificationof theconditionsforthermalcomfort . 3General 3.1 Comfortstandardandstressstandard Thespecificationsandmet

33、hodscontainedinthisInternationalStandardhavebeendividedintotwoclasses accordingtotheextentofthethermalannoyancetobeassessed. ThetypeCspecificationsandmethodsrelatetomeasurementscarriedoutinmoderateenvironmentsapproaching comfortconditions(comfortstandard). ThetypeSspecificationsandmethodsrelatetomea

34、surementscarriedoutinenvironmentssubjecttoagreater thermalstressorevenenvironmentsofextremethermalstress(heatstressstandard). Thespecificationsandmethodsdescribedforeachoftheseclasseshavebeendeterminedbearinginmindthe practicalpossibilitiesof insitu measurementsandtheperformancesofmeasuringinstrumen

35、tsavailableatpresent. ENISO7726:20011)E(8991:6277OSI OSI 2 3.2 Physicalquantitiescharacterizingtheenvironment 3.2.1Introduction Thedeterminationofoverallindicesofcomfortorthermalstressrequiresknowledgeofphysicalquantities connectedwiththeenvironment.Thesequantitiescanbedividedintotwocategoriesaccord

36、ingtotheirdegreeof dependenceontheenvironment. 3.2.2 Basicphysicalquantities Eachofthebasicphysicalquantitiescharacterizesoneofthefactorsoftheenvironmentindependentlyofthe others.Theyareoftenusedtodefinetheindicesofcomfortorthermalstressbasedontherationalizationofthe establishmentofthethermalbalance

37、ofapersonplacedinagiventhermalenvironment.Thesequantitiesareas follows: a) airtemperature,expressedinkelvins( T a )orindegreesCelsius( t a ); b) meanradianttemperatureexpressedinkelvins () T r ,orindegreesCelsius() t r planeradianttemperature expressedinkelvins( T pr )orindegreesCelsius( t pr )direc

38、tradiationexpressedinwattspersquaremetre; c) absolutehumidityoftheair,expressedbypartialvapourpressure( p a )inkilopascals; d) airvelocity( V a ),expressedinmetrespersecond; e) surfacetemperature,expressedinkelvins( T s ),orindegreesCelsius( t s ). Theconnectionsbetweenthesequantitiesandthevariousga

39、insandlossesofheatinrelationtothehumanbody areshownintable1.Table1alsogivesfourotherquantitieswhich,becausetheyareusuallyestimatedfromdata tablesratherthanmeasured,arenotincludedintheremainderofthisInternationalStandard. NOTE Theconceptofmeanradianttemperatureallowsthestudyofradiativeexchangesbetwee

40、nmanandhis environment.Itpresupposesthattheeffectsonmanoftheactualenvironmentwhichisgenerallyheterogeneousandthevirtual environmentwhichisdefinedashomogeneousareidentical.Whenthishypothesisisnotvalid,inparticularinthecaseof asymmetricradiation,theradiationexchangesarisingfromthermallydifferentregion

41、sandtheextentoftheireffectonman shouldalsobeassessedusingtheconceptofplaneradianttemperature. 3.2.3 Derivedphysicalquantities Thederivedphysicalquantitiescharacterizeagroupoffactorsoftheenvironment,weightedaccordingtothe characteristicsofthesensorsused.Theyareoftenusedtodefineanempiricalindexofcomfo

42、rtorthermalstress withouthavingrecoursetoarationalmethodbasedonestimatesofthevariousformsofheatexchangesbetween thehumanbodyandthethermalenvironments,andoftheresultingthermalbalanceandphysiologicalstrain.Some derivedquantitiesaredescribedinthespecificstandardsastheyapplyandwheremeasuringrequirements

43、are included. 4Measuring instruments 4.1Measured quantities 4.1.1 Theairtemperatureisthetemperatureoftheairaroundthehumanbody(seeannexA). 4.1.2 Themeanradianttemperatureistheuniformtemperatureofanimaginaryenclosureinwhichradiantheat transferfromthehumanbodyisequaltotheradiantheattransferintheactualn

44、onuniformenclosure. Themeanradianttemperaturecanbemeasuredbyinstrumentswhichallowthegenerallyheterogeneousradiation fromthewallsofanactualenclosuretobe“integrated“intoameanvalue(seeannexB). Theblackglobethermometerisadevicefrequentlyusedinordertoderiveanapproximatevalueofthemean radianttemperaturefromtheobservedsimultaneousvaluesoftheglobetemperature, t g ,andthetemperatureand thevelocityofth