BS EN ISO 80000-4-2013 Quantities and units - Mechanics《量和单位 力学》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARDQuantities and units Part 4: MechanicsICS 01.060nullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnul

2、l nullnullnullBS EN ISO80000-4:2013Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 80000-4:2013. It is i

3、dentical to ISO 80000-4:2006. It supersedes BS ISO 80000-4:2006, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee SS/7, General metrology, quantities, units and symbols.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to

4、its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN ISO 80000-4:2013This British Standard waspublished under the

5、 authorityof the Standards Policy andStrategy Committeeon 31 July 2007 The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 30 June 2013 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 80000-4:2006 as BS EN ISO 80000-4:2013ISBN

6、978 0 580 79020 1Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 80000-4 April 2013 ICS 01.060 English Version Quantities

7、 and units - Part 4: Mechanics (ISO 80000-4:2006) Grandeurs et units - Partie 4: Mcanique (ISO 80000-4:2006) Gren und Einheiten - Teil 4: Mechanik (ISO 80000-4:2006) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 March 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

8、 which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. Thi

9、s European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN memb

10、ers are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portug

11、al, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any

12、 means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 80000-4:2013: ECopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Foreword The text of ISO 80000-4:2006 has been

13、prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 12 “Quantities and units” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 80000-4:2013. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endor

14、sement, at the latest by October 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for ident

15、ifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugos

16、lav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 80000-4:2006 h

17、as been approved by CEN as EN ISO 80000-4:2013 without any modification. BS EN ISO 80000-4:2013 ISO 80000-4:2013 (E)iiEN Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Contents

18、PageForeword ivIntroduction. v1Scope 12Normative references 13Names, symbols and definitions 1AnnexA(informative) Units in the CGS system with special names 20AnnexB(informative) Units based on the foot, pound, second andsome other related units 21AnnexC(informative) Other non-SI units given forinfo

19、rmation, especially regarding the conversion factors . 23vBS EN ISO 80000-4:2013 ISO 80000-4:2006 (E)Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ForewordISO (the Internationa

20、l Organization forStandardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISOtechnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has beenestabl

21、ished has the right to be represented on that committee.International organizations,governmental andnon-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC)on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.In

22、ternational Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standardsadopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publicat

23、ion as anInternational Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member bodiescasting a vote.Attentionis drawn tothe possibilitythat someof the elements of this documentmay bethe subjectofpatentrights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO80000-4

24、 was prepared byTechnical Committee ISO/TC12, Quantities, units,symbols, conversion factors ,in collaboration with IEC/TC25,Quantities and units, and their letter symbols.This first edition cancels and replacesthe second edition of ISO31-3:1992. The major technical changes fromthe previous standards

25、 are the following:the presentation of numerical statements has been changed;the normative references have been changed;quantities from analytical mechanics have been added to the list of quantities.ISO80000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Quantities and units: Part1:General

26、 Part2:Mathematical signs and symbols foruse in the natural sciences an d technology Part3:Space and time Part4:Mechanics Part5:Thermodynamics Part7:Light Part8:Acoustics Part9:Physical chemistry and molecular physics Part10:Atomic and nuclearphysics Part11:Characteristic numbers Part12:Solid state

27、physicsIEC80000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Quantities and units: Part6: Electromagnetism Part13: Information science and technology Part14: Telebiometrics related to human physiologyviBS EN ISO 80000-4:2013 ISO 80000-4:2006 (E)Copyright European Committee for Standardiz

28、ation Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Introduction0.1 Arrangement of the tablesThe tables of quantities and units in this International Standard are arranged so that the quantities arepresented on the left-hand

29、pages and the units on the corresponding right-hand pages.All units between two full lines onthe right-hand pages belong to the quantities between the corresponding fulllines on the left-hand pages.Where the numbering of an item has been changed in the revision of a part of ISO31, the number in thep

30、receding edition is shown in parentheses on the left-hand page under the new number for the quantity; a dashisused to indicate that the item in question did not appear in the preceding edition.0.2 Tables of quantitiesThe names in English and in French of the most important quantities within the fiel

31、d of this InternationalStandard are given together with theirsymbols and, in most cases, their definitions. These names and symbolsare recommendations. The definitions are given foridentification of the quantities in the International System ofQuantities (ISQ), listed on the left-hand pages of the t

32、able; they are not intended to be complete.The scalar, vectorial or tensorial character of quantities is pointed out, especially when this is needed for thedefinitions.In most cases only one name and only one symbol for the quantity are given; where two or more names or twoor moresymbols are given f

33、or one quantity and no special distinction ismade,they are on an equal footing.When two types of italicletters exist (for example as with and ; and ; a and ; g and ) only one of theseis given. This does not mean that the other is not equally acceptable. It is not recommended to give suchvariants dif

34、ferent meanings. A symbol withinparentheses implies that it isa reserve symbol, to be used when,in a particular context, the main symbol is in use with a different meaning.In this English edition, thequantity names in Frenchareprinted inan italic font, and are preceded byfr. Thegender of the French

35、name is indicated by (m) for male and (f) for female, immediately after the noun in theFrench name.0.3 Tables of units0.3.1 GeneralThe names ofunits forthe corresponding quantitiesaregiven togetherwith the international symbols and thedefinitions.These unit names are language-dependent, but the symb

36、ols are international and the same in alllanguages. For further information, see the SI Brochure (7th edition 1998) from BIPM andISO80000-1 1).The units are arranged in the following way.a) The coherent SI units are given first. The SI units have been adopted by the General Conference onWeights and

37、Measures (Confrence Gnrale des Poids et Mesures, CGPM). The use of coherent SI units1) To be published. agv iiBS EN ISO 80000-4:2013 ISO 80000-4:2006 (E)Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted withou

38、t license from IHS-,-,-is recommended; decimal multiples and submultiples formed with the SIprefixes are recommended eventhough not explicitly mentioned.b) Some non-SI units are then given, being those accepted by the International Committee forWeights andMeasures(Comit International des Poids et Me

39、sures, CIPM),or bythe International Organization of LegalMetrology(Organisation Internationalede Mtrologie Lgale, OIML), or by ISO andIEC, for use with the SI.Such units are separated from the SI units in the item by use of a broken line between the SI units and theother units.c) Non-SI units curren

40、tly accepted b y the CIPM for use with the SI are given in small print (smaller than the textsize) in the “Conversion factors and remarks” column.d) Non-SI units thatare not recommended are given only in annexes in some partsofthis InternationalStandard. These annexes are informative, in the first p

41、lace for the conversion factors, and are not integralparts of the standard. These deprecated units are arranged in two groups:1) units in the CGS system with s pecial names;2) units based on the foot, pound, second, and some other related units.e) Othernon-SIunits givenforinformation, especially reg

42、ardingthe conversion factors, are givenin anotherinformative annex.0.3.2 Remark on units for quantities of dimension one, or dimensionless quantitiesThe coherent unit for any quantity of dimension one, also called a dimensionless quantity, is the number one,symbol1. When the value of such a quantity

43、 is expressed, the unit symbol1 is generally not written outexplicitly.EXAMPLE1Refractive indexPrefixes shall not be used to form multiples or submultiples of the unit one. Instead of prefixes, powers of 10 arerecommended.EXAMPLE2Reynolds numberConsidering that plane angle is generally expressed as

44、the ratio of two lengths and solid angle as the ratio oftwoareas, in 1995 the CGPMspecified that, in the SI, the radian, symbol rad, and steradian, symbol sr, aredimensionless derived units. This implies that the quantities plane angle and solid angle are considered asderived quantities of dimension

45、 one. The units radian and steradian are thus equal to one; they may either beomitted, or they may be used in expressions for derived units to facilitate distinction between quantities ofdifferent kind but having the same dimension.0.4Numericalstatements in this International StandardThe sign isused

46、 to denote “is exactly equal to”, the sign is used to denote “is approximately equal to”, andthe sign is used to denote “is by definition equal to”.Numerical values of physical quantities that have beenexperimentally determined always have an associatedmeasurement uncertainty. This uncertainty shoul

47、d always be specified. In this International Standard, themagnitude of the uncertainty isrepresented as in the following example.EXAMPLEIn this example, the numerical value of the uncertainty indicated in parentheses is assumed toapply to the last (and least significant) digits of the numerical valu

48、e of the length . This notationisused whenrepresents the standard uncertainty (estimatedstandard deviation) inthe last digits of . The numericalexample given above may be interpreted to mean that the best estimateof thenumerical valueof thelength (when is expressed in the unit metre) is and that the

49、 unknown value of is believed to lie betweenand , with a probability determined by the standarduncertainty and the probability distribution of the values of .n = 1,53 1 = 1,53Re = 1,32 103= :=l = 2,34782( 32) ml = a ( b ) m bball 2,34782, l(2,34782 0,00032)m(2,34782+ 0,00032)m0,00032m lviiiBS EN ISO 80000-4:2013 ISO 80000-4:2006 (E)Copyright Europe