1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO/IEC 13818-3:1996 BS ISO/IEC13818-3: 1995 renumbered Incorporating Amendment No.1 Implementation of ENISO/IEC13818-3:1996 Information technology Genericcoding of moving pictures and associated audio information Part 3: Audio The European Standard EN ISO/IEC13818-3:1996 has
2、the status of a British StandardBSENISO/IEC13818-3:1996 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Information Systems Technology Assembly, was published under the authorityof the Standards Boardand comes into effect on 15October1995 BSI 05-2000 The following BSI reference
3、s relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference IST/37 Draft for comment 94/645298 DC ISBN 0 580 24811 9 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/37, Coding of pictures, audio, multimedia and hyperme
4、dia information, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Broadcasting Corporation British Telecommunications plc Elysium Ltd. GEC Plessey Semiconductors IBM United Kingdom Ltd. Institution of Electrical Engineers International Computers Limited National Health Services National Tra
5、nscommunications Ltd. PICON Philips Research Laboratories Pioneer Digital Design Centre Ltd. SGS Thomson Microelectronics Ltd. UKERMA Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 9285 December 1996 Indicated by a sideline in the marginBSENISO/IEC13818-3:1996 BSI 05-2000 i Contents Page
6、 Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Foreword iii Text of ISO/IEC13818-3 1BSENISO/IEC13818-3:1996 ii BSI 05-2000 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee IST/37 and isthe English language version of EN ISO/IEC13818-3 Infor
7、mation technology Generic of moving coding pictures associated audio information Part3: Audio, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It is identical with ISO/IEC13818-3:1995 published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrote
8、chnical Commission (IEC). This British Standard is published under the direction of the Information Systems Technology Assembly whose Technical Committee IST/37 has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international committee any enquiries on interp
9、retation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. NOTEInternational and European Standards, as well as overseas standards, are available from Customer Services, BSI,389 Chiswick High Road, London
10、W44AL. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document com
11、prises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theEN ISO/IEC title page, page 2, the ISO/IEC title page, pages ii to iv, pages1to110 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment t
12、able on the inside front cover.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO/IEC 13818-3 May 1996 ICS 35.100 Descriptors: See ISO document English version Information technology Generic of moving coding pictures associated audio information Part3: Audio (ISO/IEC13818-3:1995) Technologies
13、de linformation Codage gnrique des images animes et des informations sonores associes Partie3: Son (ISO/IEC13818-3:1995) Informationstechnik Codierung von bewegten Bildern und damit verbundenen Toninformationen Teil3: Audio (ISO/IEC13818-3:1995) This European Standard was approved by CEN on1996-04-1
14、8. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained o
15、n application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretaria
16、t has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom. CEN European Committee for S
17、tandardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1996 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN ISO/IEC13818-3:1996 EENISO/IEC13818-3:1996 BSI 05-2000 2 Foreword The text of the International Standard from ISO/I
18、EC/JTC1, Information technology, of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has been taken over as a European Standard by the Technical Board of CEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, eith
19、er by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November1996, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November1996. According to CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to an
20、nounce this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the UnitedKingdom.ISO/IEC13818-3:1995(E) ii BSI 05-2000 Contents Page Foreword iii Introduction 1 Section 1.
21、General 1.1 Scope 7 1.2 Normative References 7 Section 2. Technical elements 2.1 Definitions 8 2.2 Symbols and abbreviations 21 2.3 Method of describing bit stream syntax 24 2.4 Requirements for Extension of ISO/IEC11172-3 Audio Coding to Lower Sampling Frequencies 25 2.5 Requirements for low bitrat
22、e coding of multichannel audio 31 Annex A (normative) Diagrams 70 Annex B (normative) Tables 72 Annex C (informative) The encoding process 76 Annex D (informative) Psychoacoustic models 86 Annex E (informative) List of patent holders 109 Figure A.1 Structure of the ISO13818-3 Layer II multichannel e
23、xtension, backwards compatible with ISO11172-3 Layer II 70 Figure A.2 Structure of the ISO13818-3 Layer II multichannel extension, using the ISO/IEC11172-3 compatible bit stream as well as the extension bit stream 71 Table B.1 Possible quantisation per subband, Layer II 72 Table B.2 Layer III scalef
24、actor bands 73 Table B.3 Low-pass filter description 76 Table D.1a Frequencies, critical band rates and absolute threshold 92 Table D.1b Frequencies, critical band rates and absolute threshold 93 Table D.1c Frequencies, critical band rates and absolute threshold 94 Table D.1d Frequencies, critical b
25、and rates and absolute threshold 95 Table D.1e Frequencies, critical band rates and absolute threshold 96 Table D.1f Frequencies, critical band rates and absolute threshold 97 Table D.2a Critical band boundaries 98 Table D.2b Critical band boundaries 98 Table D.2c Critical band boundaries 99 Table D
26、.2d Critical band boundaries 99 Table D.2e Critical band boundaries 100 Table D.2f Critical band boundaries 100 Table D.3.a Sampling_frequency=24kHz long blocks 101 Table D.3.b Sampling_frequency=22,05kHz long blocks 102 Table D.3.c Sampling_frequency=16kHz long blocks 103 Table D.3.d Sampling_frequ
27、ency=24kHz short blocks 104 Table D.3.e Sampling_frequency=22,05kHz short blocks 105 Table D.3.f Sampling_frequency=16kHz short blocks 106 Table D.4 Tables for converting threshold calculation partitions to scalefactor bands 107ISO/IEC13818-3:1995(E) BSI 05-2000 iii Foreword ISO (the International O
28、rganization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the
29、 respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of inf
30、ormation technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC1. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least75% of the national
31、bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO/IEC13818-3 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IECJTC1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information. ISO/IEC13818 consists of the following parts, under the general title Inform
32、ation technology Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Part 1: Systems; Part 2: Video; Part 3: Audio. Annex A and Annex B form an integral part of this part of ISO/IEC13818. Annex C to Annex E are for information only.iv blankISO/IEC13818-3:1995(E) BSI 05-2000 1 Introdu
33、ction ISO/IEC13818 was prepared by SC29/WG11, also known as MPEG (Moving Pictures Expert Group). MPEG was formed in1988 to establish a standard for the coded representation of moving pictures and associated audio stored on digital storage media. ISO/IEC13818 is published in three parts. Part1 system
34、s specifies the system coding layer of the standard. It defines a multiplexed structure for combining audio and video data and means of representing the timing information needed to replay synchronised sequences in real-time. Part2 video specifies the coded representation of video data and the decod
35、ing process required to reconstruct pictures. Part3 audio specifies the coded representation of audio data and the decoding process required to decode audio signals. 0.1 Extension of ISO/IEC11172-3 Audio Coding to Lower Sampling Frequencies In order to achieve better audio quality at very low bit ra
36、tes(64kbit/s per audio channel), in particular if compared with CCITT Standard G-722 performance, three additional sampling frequencies are provided for ISO/IEC11172-3 layers I, II and III. The additional sampling frequencies are16kHz,22,05kHz and24kHz. This allows corresponding audio bandwidths of
37、approximately7,5kHz,10,3kHz and11,25kHz. The syntax, semantics, and coding techniques of ISO/IEC11172-3 are maintained except for a new definition of the sampling frequency field, the bitrate index field, and the bit allocation tables. These new definitions are valid if the ID bit in the ISO/IEC1117
38、2-3 header equals zero. To obtain the best audio performance, the parameters of the psychoacoustic model used in the encoder have to be changed accordingly. With these sampling frequencies, the duration of the audio frame corresponds to: 0.2 Low bitrate coding of multichannel audio 0.2.1 Universal m
39、ultichannel audio system A standard on low bit rate coding for mono or stereo audio signals was established by MPEG-1 Audio in ISO/IEC11172-3. This standard is applicable for carrying of high quality digital audio signals associated with or without picture information on storage media or transmissio
40、n channels with limited capacity. The ISO/IEC11172-3 audio coding standard can be used together with both MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 Video as long as only two-channel stereo is required. MPEG-2 Audio (ISO/IEC13818-3) provides the extension to3/2 multichannel audio and an optional low frequency enhancement ch
41、annel (LFE). Multichannel audio systems provide enhanced stereophonic stereo performance compared to conventional two channel audio systems. It is recognised that improved presentation performance is desirable not only for applications with accompanying picture but also for audio-only applications.
42、A universal and compatible multichannel audio system applicable to satellite or terrestrial television broadcasting, digital audio broadcasting (terrestrial and satellite), as well as other non-broadcasting media, e.g., Layer Sampling Frequency in kHz 16 22,05 24 I 24ms 17,41ms 16ms II 72ms 52,24ms
43、48ms III 36ms 26,12ms 24ms CATV Cable TV Distribution CDAD Cable Digital Audio Distribution ENG Electronic News Gathering (including Satellite News Gathering) IPC Interpersonal Communications (video conference, videophone, etc.) ISM Interactive Storage Media (optical disks, etc.) NDB Network Databas
44、e Services (via ATM, etc.) DSM Digital Storage Media (digital VTR, etc.) EC Electronic CinemaISO/IEC13818-3:1995(E) 2 BSI 05-2000 seems to be very attractive to the manufacturer, producer, and consumer. This part of ISO/IEC13818 describes an audio subband coding system called ISO/MPEG-Audio Multicha
45、nnel, which can be used to transfer high quality digital multichannel and/or multilingual audio information on storage media or transmission channels with limited capacity. One of the basic features is the backwards compatibility to ISO/IEC11172-3 coded mono, stereo or dual channel audio programmes.
46、 It is designed for use in different applications as considered by the ISO/MPEG audio group and the specialist groups TG10/1,10/2 and10/3 of the ITU-R (previously CCIR). 0.2.2 Representation of multichannel audio 0.2.2.1 The3/2-stereo plus LFE format Regarding stereophonic presentation, specialist g
47、roups of ITU-R, SMPTE, and EBU recommend the use of an additional centre loudspeaker channel C and two surround loudspeaker channels LS and RS, augmenting the front left and right loudspeaker channels L and R. This reference audio format is referred to as “3/2-stereo”(3 front/2 surround loudspeaker
48、channels) and requires the transmission of five appropriately formatted audio signals. For audio accompanying picture applications (e.g.HDTV), the three front loudspeaker channels ensure sufficient directional stability and clarity of the picture related frontal images, according to the common pract
49、ice in the cinema. The dominant benefit is the “stable centre”, which is guaranteed at any location of the listener and important for most of the dialogue. Additionally, for audio-only applications, the3/2-stereo format has been found to be an improvement over two-channel stereophony. The addition of one pair of surround loudspeaker channels allows improved realism of auditory ambience. A low frequency enhancement channel (in this part of ISO/IEC13818 called LFE channel) can, optionally,
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