1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationRadiation protection instrumentation X-ray systems for the screening of persons for security and the carrying of illicit itemsBS IEC 62463:2010National forewordThis British Stand
2、ard is the UK implementation of IEC 62463:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteeNCE/2, Radiation protection and measurement.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to
3、 include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 56616 5ICS 13.280Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the StandardsPolic
4、y and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2010.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS IEC 62463:2010IEC 62463Edition 1.0 2010-06INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALERadiation protection instrumentation X-ray systems for the screening of persons for security
5、and the carrying of illicit items Instrumentation pour la radioprotection Systmes radiographiques aux rayons X pour le contrle des individus dans le cadre de la scurit et du transport dobjets illicites INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE UICS 13.280 P
6、RICE CODECODE PRIXISBN 978-2-88912-024-6 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale BS IEC 62463:2010 2 62463 IEC:2010 CONTENTS FOREWORD.4 INTRODUCTION.6 1 Scope and object7 2 Normative references .7 3 Terms and
7、 definitions .8 4 Units 10 5 Classification of systems 10 6 General test procedures .10 6.1 Nature of tests.10 6.2 Reference conditions and standard test conditions 11 6.3 Tests performed under standard test conditions 11 6.4 Tests performed with variation of influence quantities11 7 Safety consider
8、ations .11 7.1 General .11 7.2 Shielding .11 7.2.1 Requirements 11 7.2.2 Method of test .11 7.3 System controls and normal operation indications .12 7.3.1 Requirements 12 7.3.2 Method of test .12 7.4 Safety indicators and interlocks.12 7.4.1 Safety standards .12 7.4.2 Requirements 13 7.4.3 Method of
9、 test .13 8 Conditions and methods for producing the X-ray screening spectra 13 8.1 General .13 8.2 Tube potential characteristics of the X-ray unit 13 8.2.1 Requirements 13 8.2.2 Method of test .13 9 Ambient dose equivalent at the position of the person being screened .13 9.1 Requirements13 9.2 Met
10、hod of test .14 10 Electrical characteristics.14 10.1 Supply voltage.14 10.2 Requirements14 10.3 Method of test .14 11 Environmental conditions14 11.1 Ambient temperature .14 11.1.1 Requirements 14 11.1.2 Method of test .14 11.2 Relative humidity.15 11.2.1 Requirements 15 11.2.2 Method of test .15 1
11、2 Electromagnetic compatibility .15 12.1 Susceptibility to electromagnetic fields 15 BS IEC 62463:201062463 IEC:2010 3 12.1.1 Requirements 15 12.1.2 Method of test .15 12.2 Conducted disturbances induced by bursts and radio frequencies .16 12.2.1 Requirements 16 12.2.2 Method of test .16 12.3 Surges
12、 and ring waves 16 12.3.1 Requirements 16 12.3.2 Method of test .16 12.4 Electrostatic discharge 16 12.4.1 Requirements 16 12.4.2 Method of test .17 13 Mechanical characteristics17 13.1 Mechanical shocks 17 13.1.1 Requirements 17 13.1.2 Method of test .17 13.2 Vibration test.17 13.2.1 Requirements 1
13、7 13.2.2 Method of test .17 13.3 Microphonic/impact .18 13.3.1 Requirements 18 13.3.2 Method of test .18 14 Documentation .18 14.1 Manual 18 14.2 Type test report.18 14.3 Certificate .18 Annex A (normative) Measurement and calculation of ambient dose equivalent per scan at the reference point .21 An
14、nex B (informative) Requirements of International Basic Safety Standards for Protection Against Ionizing Radiation and For the Safety of Radiation Sources (BSS). IAEA Safety Series No. 115, 1996. .25 Annex C (informative) Leakage localization meter and use 26 Bibliography27 Figure A.1 Charge Q versu
15、s time t, measured at a pencil-beam scanner (backscatter) by means of the Hx(10) secondary standard ionization chamber .23 Table 1 Reference conditions and standard test conditions19 Table 2 Tests performed under standard test conditions 19 Table 3 Tests performed with variations of influence quanti
16、ties20 BS IEC 62463:2010 4 62463 IEC:2010 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTATION X-RAY SYSTEMS FOR THE SCREENING OF PERSONS FOR SECURITY AND THE CARRYING OF ILLICIT ITEMS FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organiza
17、tion for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC
18、 publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
19、 may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agr
20、eement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC
21、 Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are use
22、d or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the co
23、rresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible f
24、or any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees
25、and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8)
26、 Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent righ
27、ts. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 62463 has been prepared by subcommittee 45B: Radiation protection instrumentation, of IEC technical committee 45: Nuclear instrumentation. The text of this standard is based on the followi
28、ng documents: FDIS Report on voting 45B/642/FDIS 45B/658/RVDFull information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. BS IEC 62463:201062463
29、IEC:2010 5 The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replace
30、d by a revised edition, or amended. BS IEC 62463:2010 6 62463 IEC:2010 INTRODUCTION The existence of this standard does not indicate approval of the use of the relevant equipments. However these equipments exist and are used in some countries and are likely to be used to scan persons of all national
31、ities including nationals of those countries which ban their use. If other international organisations ban their use, this standard could be withdrawn. Meanwhile it is considered valuable to have this standard to reduce the radiation doses to members of the public and others likely to have to use th
32、e equipments. Personnel X-ray screening assemblies are used to examine persons in order to detect objects such as: weapons, explosives, smuggled or stolen items such as drugs or diamonds. The screening devices can be divided into three types: one type using the Compton backscattered X-rays (Backscat
33、ter system) for the image creation, one using the transmitted X-rays (Transmission system) for the image creation, and a third type as a combination of the two types (Backscatter + Transmission). All three types consist of an X-ray unit and a detector unit, and take about 10 s to perform a scan. The
34、 systems are operated by and the image is viewed on an external computer. Sophisticated software is used to evaluate the complex images and to enable the detection of hidden objects. The main difference between the system types is the position of the detectors. Usually, they also differ in the tube
35、voltage range used. Backscatter X-ray systems, (B), use a narrow pencil shaped beam that scans the subject at high speed in a horizontal and vertical direction. Large detectors are installed on the same side of the subject as the X-ray source. The person stands in front of the enclosure and is scann
36、ed by the X-ray beam having a typical cross-sectional area of approximately 25 mm2; this of course is the quantity limiting the spatial resolution of the system. Usually the person is scanned twice, once from the front and then from the back. Sometimes lateral scans are also performed. Typical syste
37、ms use fixed peak voltage (kV) and current (mA) settings for the X-ray source. These are typically 50 kV and 5 mA. The total aluminium equivalent filtration is in the range of 1 mm to 7 mm. Transmission X-ray systems, (T), often use a vertical fanshaped beam of X-rays and a linear array of detectors
38、. The person stands between the X-ray tube and the detector array and is scanned by the X-ray beam having a typical width of approximately 2 mm. The limiting quantity for the spatial resolution is the size of the detector elements. Typical systems use a fixed peak voltage (kV) and current (mA). Sett
39、ings are in the range of about 140 kV to 220 kV and 0,1 mA to about 4 mA. The total aluminium equivalent thickness is in the range of about 1 mm to about 16 mm. The systems are capable of detecting objects within the body. Backscatter plus transmission X-ray systems, (BT), are systems that use both
40、backscattered and transmitted X-rays, during the same scan procedure. BS IEC 62463:201062463 IEC:2010 7 RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTATION X-RAY SYSTEMS FOR THE SCREENING OF PERSONS FOR SECURITY AND THE CARRYING OF ILLICIT ITEMS 1 Scope and object This International Standard is applicable to X-ray
41、 systems designed for screening people to detect if they are carrying objects that could be used for criminal purposes, e.g., terrorist use, drug smuggling and theft. These objects include weapons, explosives, chemical and biological agents and other concealed items. Three types of X-ray screening s
42、ystems are currently in use. These are backscatter systems, transmission systems and combination backscatter/transmission systems. With backscatter systems the X-rays are used to detect objects hidden under or within the persons clothing. With transmission systems objects swallowed or hidden in body
43、 cavities may be detected. Combined devices can be used to get both pieces of information simultaneously. The object of this standard is to lay down standard requirements and also to specify general characteristics, general test procedures, radiation characteristics, electrical characteristics, envi
44、ronmental influences, mechanical characteristics, safety requirements and to provide examples of acceptable methods in terms of dose to the whole or part of the body for each screening procedure and the time taken for each screening procedure. In particular the standard addresses the design requirem
45、ents as they relate to the radiation protection of the people being screened, people who are in the vicinity of the equipment and the operators. The standard does not address the performance requirements for the quality of the object detection. 2 Normative references The following referenced documen
46、ts are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60038:2009, IEC standard voltages IEC 60050-393:2003, International Electrote
47、chnical Vocabulary (IEV) Part 393: Nuclear instrumentation Physical phenomena and basic concepts IEC 60050-394:2007, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Part 394: Nuclear instrumentation Instruments, systems, equipments and detectors IEC 60068-2-27, Environmental testing Part 2-27: Tests
48、 Test Ea and guidance: Shock IEC 60068-2-75:1997, Environmental testing Part 2-75: Tests Test Eh: Hammer tests IEC 61000-4-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-2: Testing and measurement techniques Electrostatic discharge immunity test IEC 61000-4-3, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part
49、 4-3: Testing and measurement techniques Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test BS IEC 62463:2010 8 62463 IEC:2010 IEC 61000-4-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-4: Testing and measurement techniques Electric fast transient/burst immunity test IEC 61000-4-5, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-5: Testing and measurement techniques Surge immunity test IEC 61000-4-6, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-6: Te
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