1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 10326-2:2001 Mechanical vibration Laboratory method for evaluating vehicle seat vibration Part 2: Application to railway vehicles ICS 45.060; 17.160 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBS ISO 10326-2:2001 This British Standard, having been pr
2、epared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee title here, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 19 October 2001 BSI 19 October 2001 ISBN 0 580 38581 7 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 10
3、326-2:2001 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee GME/21, Mechanical Vibration present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the U
4、K interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 17 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displaye
5、d in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsReference number ISO 10326-2:2001(E) OSI 1002 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10326-2 First edition 2001-08-15 Mechanical vibration Laboratory method for evaluating vehicle seat vibra
6、tion Part 2: Application to railway vehicles Vibrations mcaniques Mthode en laboratoire pour lvaluation des vibrations du sige de vhicules Partie 2: Application aux vhicules ferroviairesii ISO -623012:(1002E)iii Contents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms, def
7、initions, symbols and abbreviated terms2 3.1 Terms and definitions .2 3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms 2 4 Direction of vibration.3 5 Characterization of vibration and of its transmission .3 5.1 Characterization of vibration3 5.2 Characterization of vibration transmission 5 6 General observations 6
8、 7 Measurement positions.6 8 Instrumentation6 9 Safety requirements 8 10 Test seats and test persons .8 10.1 Test seats .8 10.2 Test persons.8 11 Input test vibration 9 11.1 General9 11.2 Pseudo-random excitation9 11.3 Sinusoidal excitation.9 12 Parameters adopted for characterizing the vibration tr
9、ansmission.10 12.1 Pseudo-random excitation10 12.2 Sinusoidal excitation.10 13 Test procedure.10 13.1 Initial procedure.10 13.2 Tests under pseudo-random excitation 10 13.3 Tests under sinusoidal excitation11 14 Test report 11 14.1 Seat .11 14.2 Test persons.11 14.3 Measuring chain.11 14.4 Results 1
10、1 Annex A (informative) Example of excitation generating process.14 Bibliography17 1egaP ISO103262:2001 ISO -623012:(1002E) iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Internati
11、onal Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with IS
12、O, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards
13、 adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 10326 may be the s
14、ubject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 10326-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration and shock, Subcommittee SC 2, Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration and shock
15、 as applied to machines, vehicles and structures. ISO 10326 consists of the following parts, under the general title Mechanical vibration Laboratory method for evaluating vehicle seat vibration: Part 1: Basic requirements Part 2: Application to railway vehicles Annex A of this part of ISO 10326 is f
16、or information only. 2egaP ISO103262:2001 ISO -623012:(1002E)v Introduction Although the vibration felt by passengers in railway vehicles is always of low magnitude, the fact nevertheless remains that acceleration at the seat-buttock and seat-backrest interfaces can sometimes be greater than excitat
17、ions transmitted by the vehicle frame. Consequently, the aim of experiments to be carried out with railway seats must fundamentally be to refine existing knowledge about their overall dynamic behaviour and that of their different components: seat frame, suspension system, linings, coverings, etc. In
18、 the long run, the knowledge put together should provide useful guidance in choosing the optimum components, and for improving passenger comfort further in the process. Laboratory tests can be performed under clearly defined and reproducible excitation conditions. They consequently represent an esse
19、ntial study method complementary to the investigations performed in the field. The vibration at the base of railway seats is of the random, broad-band type. The spectra, which are of complex form and non-stationary, depend on the vehicle itself, on its load, on wheel profile conditions, on track geo
20、metry and quality, etc. In this part of ISO 10326, therefore, it is stipulated to excite the seat, occupied by a test person, by means of broad-band pseudo-random vibration successively in the three directions X, Y and Z. The vibration spectra are of sufficiently simple form and of sufficient magnit
21、ude to cover the majority of actual spectra observed on track, whilst nevertheless remaining quite different from the latter. As a result, the magnitudes measured at the different response points of the man-seat system during laboratory tests could under no circumstances be used for comparison with
22、limits or acceptable values. By contrast, it is stipulated using the measurements to determine the frequency response function of the man-seat system at seat pan and backrest level in the three directions x, y and z. These frequency response functions suffice for characterizing the vibratory behavio
23、ur of the seat with its occupant. The directions of excitation, favourable or harmful frequencies, and corresponding gains are thus clearly demonstrated. These inputs are relevant to a comparison of seats with different construction arrangements. Frequency response functions may be used to evaluate,
24、 by the automatic calculation method, the qualitative behaviour of a given seat subjected to excitation similar to that it would encounter in service on a real vehicle. To this end, they must be ascertained not only in modulus but also in phase terms. Direct and cross ratios are just as relevant, as
25、 couplings can exist between vertical, lateral and longitudinal movements. The test code described in this part of ISO 10326 allows for these interactions. Such calculations are, however, truly valid only on the assumption that the man-seat system considered is sufficiently linear. To check this ass
26、umption under laboratory conditions, this part of ISO 10326 stipulates an extra testing phase during which the seat is excited in a purely sinusoidal, high-amplitude mode at the different frequencies encountered during tests under random excitations, and corresponding to the peaks of the frequency r
27、esponse function. The frequency range relevant to railway conditions is limited to 0,5 Hz to 50 Hz. Railway seats transmit vibration with frequencies lower than 0,5 Hz without modifying them. However, vibration with frequencies of over 50 Hz, as sustained by seats in service, is generally of too sma
28、ll a magnitude to be felt by seated passengers. Page1 ISO103262:2001 blankINTENRATIONAL TSANDADR ISO -623012:(1002E) 1 Mechanical vibration Laboratory method for evaluating vehicle seat vibration Part 2: Application to railway vehicles 1 Scope This part of ISO 10326 defines specifications covering l
29、aboratory tests for seats designed for passengers and crew in railway tractive and trailer vehicles. It concerns tri-axial rectilinear vibration within the frequency range 0,5 Hz to 50 Hz. It specifies the input test vibration to be used at seat testing. This part of ISO 10326 makes it possible to c
30、haracterize, in the form of frequency response functions, the manner in which vibration is transmitted to the seat occupant. However, this characterization is fully valid only when the man-seat system can be considered to be sufficiently linear. 2 Normative references The following normative documen
31、ts contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 10326. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 10326 are encouraged to inve
32、stigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 2041, Vibration
33、 and shock Vocabulary. ISO 2631-1, Mechanical vibration and shock Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration Part 1: General requirements. ISO 5347 (all parts), Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock pick-ups. ISO 5348, Mechanical vibration and shock Mechanical mounting of acce
34、lerometers. ISO 8041, Hu ma nre spo n setovi b rati on Measuring instrumentation. ISO 10326-1:1992, Mechanical vibration Laboratory method for evaluating vehicle seat vibration Part 1: Basic requirements. ISO 13090-1, Mechanical vibration and shock Guidance on safety aspects of tests and experiments
35、 with people Part 1: Exposure to whole-body mechanical vibration and repeated shock. ISO 16063 (all parts), Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers. 1002:262301OSI1 ISO103262:20011ISO -623012:(1002E) 2 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms and definitio
36、ns For the purposes of this part of ISO 10326, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2041 apply. 3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms The following symbols and abbreviated terms are used in this part of ISO 10326: a rms root-mean-square value of acceleration, m/s 2 a(t) instantaneous value of an accel
37、eration time history, m/s 2 a(t,B e , f ) instantaneous value of the acceleration time history a(t), filtered in the frequency range ( f B e /2) to ( f B e /2), m/s 2 b(t) instantaneous value of an acceleration time history, m/s 2 b(t,B e , f ) instantaneous value of the acceleration time history b(
38、t), filtered in the frequency range ( f B e /2) to ( f B e /2), m/s 2 e , btBf instantaneous value of the acceleration time history b(t), filtered in the frequency range ( f B e /2) to ( f B e /2), with phase shifted by /2, m/s 2 B acceleration measuring point on the backrest of a seat occupied by a
39、 subject B e resolution bandwidth of a frequency analysis, Hz C ab ( f ) real part of G ab ( f ), (m/s 2 ) 2 /Hz d displacement amplitude at a single frequency, m f frequency, Hz f r frequency corresponding to a peak of the frequency response function, Hz G a ( f ) acceleration power spectral densit
40、y function of the time history a(t), being the mean-square value of acceleration per unit frequency bandwidth, (m/s 2 ) 2 /Hz G ab ( f ) cross power spectral density function of two acceleration time histories, a(t) and b(t), being a complex function, also called acceleration cross spectral density,
41、 (m/s 2 ) 2 /Hz ab Gf modulus of G ab ( f ), (m/s 2 ) 2 /Hz G b ( f ) acceleration power spectral density function of the time history b(t), being the mean-square value of acceleration per unit frequency bandwidth, (m/s 2 ) 2 /Hz H( f ) frequency response function, being a dimensionless complex func
42、tion of frequency P acceleration measuring point on the test platform PSD power spectral density Q ab ( f ) imaginary part of G ab ( f ), (m/s 2 ) 2 /Hz 1002:262301OSI2 ISO103262:20012ISO -623012:(1002E) 3 S acceleration measuring point on the seat pan of the seat occupied by a subject t time, s T d
43、uration of signal measurement and analysis, s T R transmissibility (dimensionless) x, y and z letters used in characterizing the direction of vibration at seat pan and backrest, points S and B X, Y and Z letters used in characterizing the direction of platform vibration at point P 2 ab () f coherenc
44、e function between the two accelerations a(t) and b(t), being a dimensionless function in the range 0 to 1 ab ( f ) phase of G ab ( f ), being a real function, rad The following subscripts are used in this part of ISO 10326: i direction of platform vibration, taking the values X, Y or Z k direction
45、of vibration at points S or B, taking the values x, y or z rms root-mean-square value s subscript denoting that the results of three consecutive tests have been averaged w subscript characterizing a parameter calculated on the basis of frequency-weighted signals subscript characterizing the location
46、 of an acceleration measuring point: S (seat pan) and B (backrest) 4 Direction of vibration The coordinate axes x, y and z for the evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration in accordance with this part of ISO 10326 are defined in ISO 2631-1 by the orthogonal biodynamic coordinate system s
47、hown in Figure 1. For the purposes of this part of ISO 10326, two such basicentric coordinate systems are used, with their origins at the interface at the buttocks and the seat cushion, and at the interface of the back of a seated person and the backrest of the seat. Their axes are approximately par
48、allel to the axes shown in Figure 1. The coordinate axes for describing rectilinear vibration of the vehicle are defined by an orthogonal coordinate system parallel to the principal axes of the vehicle. The X-axis is parallel to the longitudinal axis, the Y-axis parallel to the transverse axis and t
49、he Z-axis upwards perpendicular to the plane defined by the X and Y axes. The coordinate system for the description of the vehicle vibration is usually not parallel to the coordinate systems for the seat occupant because of practical reasons such as seat cushion angles or actual position of the seat with respect to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. 5 Characterization of vibration and of its transmission 5.1 Characterization of vibration 5.1.1 General Three quantities shall be used to describe the
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