BS ISO 10381-1-2002 Soil quality - Sampling - Guidance on the design of sampling programmes《土质 取样 取样程序设计指南》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 10381-1:2002 Soil quality Sampling Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes ICS 13.080.05 BS ISO 10381-1:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Health and Environment Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under t

2、he authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 18 December 2002 BSI 18 December 2002 ISBN 0 580 40969 4 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 10381-1:2002 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to

3、 Technical Committee EH/4, Soil quality, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in

4、the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsibl

5、e for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK

6、 interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to vi, pages 1 to 33 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this docu

7、ment indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Reference number ISO 10381-1:2002(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10381-1 First edition 2002-12-15 Soil quality Sampling Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes Qualit du sol chant

8、illonnage Partie 1: Lignes directrices pour ltablissement des programmes dchantillonnage BSISO103811:2002BSISO103811:2002iiIS-18301 O1:(2002E) I SO 2002 All irhgts seredevr iiiContents Page Foreword. v Introduction . vi 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Planning the s

9、ampling programme. 2 4.1 General. 2 4.2 Defining the objective. 2 4.3 Preliminary information 3 4.4 Strategy 3 4.5 Sampling 3 4.6 Safety 3 4.7 Sampling report. 4 5 Objectives of sampling. 4 5.1 General. 4 5.2 Specific objectives 5 5.3 Sampling of other material in connection with soil investigation

10、. 7 6 Special considerations for the sampling of soils 7 6.1 General. 7 6.2 Preliminary survey 8 7 Requirements for sampling personnel . 9 7.1 General. 9 7.2 Experience . 9 7.3 Coordination of sampling and analysis 10 8 Safety precautions 10 9 Samples and sampling points . 10 9.1 General. 10 9.2 Sam

11、pling patterns. 10 9.3 Identifying the sampling location 12 9.4 Preparation of the sampling site . 13 9.5 Barriers to sampling . 13 9.6 Choice of appropriate equipment to obtain samples 14 9.7 Depth of sampling. 14 9.8 Timing of investigation. 15 9.9 Sample quantity 15 9.10 Single samples vs. compos

12、ite samples . 15 9.11 Laboratory preservation, handling and containerization, labelling and transport of soil samples 15 10 Sampling report. 19 10.1 General. 19 10.2 Title data. 19 10.3 Site data . 19 10.4 Sampling procedure . 19 10.5 Transportation and storage . 20 10.6 Sample, profile and site des

13、cription . 20 10.7 Sample and profile description . 20 10.8 Site description . 20 BSISO103811:2002iiiIS-18301 O1:(2002E) vi I SO 2002 All irhgts seredevr11 Quality control, quality assurance and operation and testing of laboratories .20 Annex A (informative) Sources of additional information 21 Anne

14、x B (informative) Determination of a sampling plan.23 Annex C (informative) Examples of different sampling patterns used in soil sampling programmes.24 Bibliography33 BSISO103811:2002ivIS-18301 O1:(2002E) I SO 2002 All irhgts seredevr vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization

15、) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be repr

16、esented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards ar

17、e drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Internation

18、al Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 10381-1 was p

19、repared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 2, Sampling. ISO 10381 consists of the following parts, under the general title Soil quality Sampling: Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques Part 3: Guidance on safety Par

20、t 4: Guidance on the procedure for investigation of natural, near-natural and cultivated sites Part 5: Guidance on investigation of soil contamination of urban and industrial sites Part 6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil for the assessment of aerobic microbial processes in t

21、he laboratory BSISO103811:2002vIS-18301 O1:(2002E) iv I SO 2002 All irhgts seredevrIntroduction This part of ISO 10381 is one of a set of International Standards intended to be used in conjunction with each other as appropriate and necessary. ISO 10381 (all parts) deals with sampling procedures for

22、the various purposes of soil investigation. BSISO103811:2002viINTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS-18301 O1:(2002E)I SO 2002 All irhgts seredevr 1Soil quality Sampling Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes 1 Scope This part of ISO 10381 sets out the general principles to be applied in the desig

23、n of sampling programmes for the purpose of characterizing and controlling soil quality and identifying sources and effects of contamination of soil and related material, with emphasis on procedures required to locate points from which samples may be taken for examination or at which instruments may

24、 be installed for in situ measurement including statistical implications, procedures for determining how much sample to collect and whether to combine samples, methods of collecting samples, methods for containing, storing and transporting samples to prevent deterioration/contamination. 2 Normative

25、references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 10381-3, Soil quality Sampling Par

26、t 3: Guidance on safety ISO 10381-4, Soil quality Sampling Part 4: Guidance on the procedure for investigation of natural, near-natural and cultivated sites ISO 10381-5, Soil quality Sampling Part 5: Guidance on investigation of soil contamination of urban and industrial sites ISO 10381-6, Soil qual

27、ity Sampling Part 6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil for the assessment of aerobic microbial processes in the laboratory ISO 11074-2, Soil quality Vocabulary Part 2: Terms and definitions relating to sampling 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the ter

28、ms and definitions given in ISO 11074-2 apply. BSISO103811:20021IS-18301 O1:(2002E) 2 I SO 2002 All irhgts seredevr4 Planning the sampling programme 4.1 General Samples are collected and examined primarily to determine their physical, chemical, biological and radiological properties. This clause out

29、lines the more important factors which should be considered when devising a sampling programme for soil and related material. More detailed information is given in subsequent clauses. Whenever a volume of soil is to be characterized, it is generally not possible to examine the whole and it is theref

30、ore necessary to take samples. The samples collected should be as representative as possible of the whole to be characterized, and all precautions should be taken to ensure that, as far as possible, the samples do not undergo any changes in the interval between sampling and examination. The sampling

31、 of multiphase systems, such as soils containing water or other liquids, gases, biological material, radionuclides or other solids not naturally belonging to soil (e.g. waste materials), can present special problems. In addition, examination for some physical soil parameters may require so-called un

32、disturbed soil samples for correct execution of the relevant measurement. Before any sampling programme is devised, it is important that the objectives be first established since they are the major determining factors, e.g. the position and density of sampling points, time of sampling, sampling proc

33、edures, subsequent treatment of samples and analytical requirements. The details of a sampling programme depend on whether the information needed is the average value, the distribution or the variability of given soil parameters. Some consideration should also be given to the degree of detail and pr

34、ecision required and also to the manner in which the results are to be expressed and presented, for example concentrations of chemical substances, maximum and minimum values, arithmetic means, median values, etc. Additionally, a list of parameters of interest should be compiled and the relevant anal

35、ytical procedures consulted, since these will usually give guidance on precautions to be observed during sampling and subsequent handling of soil samples. It may often be necessary to carry out an exploratory sampling and analysis programme before the final objectives can be defined. It is important

36、 to take into account all relevant data from previous programmes at the same or similar locations and other information on local conditions. Previous personal experience can also be very valuable. Time and money allocated to the design of a proper sampling programme is usually well justified because

37、 it ensures that the required information is obtained efficiently and economically. It is emphasized that whether soil investigations completely achieve their objectives depends mainly on the design and execution of an appropriate sampling programme. The main points about which decisions shall be ma

38、de in the design of a sampling programme are listed below in 4.2 to 4.7. The relevant references are indicated. 4.2 Defining the objective The following should be considered when defining the objective: a) delineation of area(s) to be investigated; b) setting of objectives for the whole investigatio

39、n; c) listing of parameters to be determined; d) listing of other information required to enable interpretation of results; e) content of sample report; f) decisions regarding contractual arrangements for sampling; g) management arrangements; h) estimation of costs. BSISO103811:20022IS-18301 O1:(200

40、2E) I SO 2002 All irhgts seredevr 34.3 Preliminary information The following questions may help in the choice of preliminary information: a) What is already known? b) What can be made easily available? c) Who is to be contacted for certain (historical) sources? d) Are there any legal problems, e.g.

41、entering the site? e) What should be observed on first visit to the site? For details see Clause 6 and ISO 10381-4, ISO 10381-5 and ISO 10381-6. 4.4 Strategy Decisions regarding the following factors are usually involved in a sampling strategy: a) sampling patterns; b) sampling points; c) depth of s

42、ampling; d) type of samples to be obtained; e) sampling methods to be employed, e.g. borings, drillings, trial pits, etc. For details see Clause 10 and ISO 10381-4, ISO 10381-5 and ISO 10381-6. 4.5 Sampling The following procedures are involved in planning the sampling: a) coordination with personne

43、l responsible for the sample preparation and analysis; b) choice of suitable sampling tools; c) choice of suitable storage; d) choice of suitable preservation measures; e) choice of suitable labelling and transportation; f) field tests to be carried out, if specified. For details see Clauses 7, 8, 1

44、0 and ISO 10381-2, ISO 10381-4, ISO 10381-5 and ISO 10381-6. 4.6 Safety The following safety aspects need to be considered: a) all necessary safety precautions at the site; b) informing landowners, construction authorities, local authorities; BSISO103811:20023IS-18301 O1:(2002E) 4 I SO 2002 All irhg

45、ts seredevrc) data protection efforts; d) requirements for disposal of surplus soil or test material. For details see Clause 9 and ISO 10381-2, ISO 10381-3, ISO 10381-4, ISO 10381-5 and ISO 10381-6. 4.7 Sampling report The sampling report should meet the basic content as specified in this part of IS

46、O 10381. Additional information required should be clearly specified by the client and laid down in a written contract. Any later deviation should be justified to avoid deficiencies with regard to evaluation of the investigation and to avoid conflicts between business partners. For details see Claus

47、es 11, 12, 13 and ISO 10381-4, ISO 10381-5 and ISO 10381-6. 5 Objectives of sampling 5.1 General 5.1.1 Principal objectives The four principal objectives of sampling of soil may be distinguished as follows: sampling for determination of general soil quality; sampling for characterization purposes in

48、 preparation of soil maps; sampling to support legal or regulatory action; sampling as part of a hazard or risk assessment. These four principal objectives are discussed further below. The utilization of the soil and site is of varying importance depending on the primary objective of an investigatio

49、n. For example, while consideration of past, present and future site use is particularly relevant to sampling for risk assessment, it is less important to soil mapping where the focus is on description rather than evaluation of a soil. Objectives such as soil quality assessment, land appraisal and soil monitoring take utilization into account to varying degrees. The results obtained from sampling