1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 10816-21:2015Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machinevibration by measurements onnon-rotating partsPart 21: Horizontal axis wind turbines withgearboxBS ISO 10816-21:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation ofISO 10816-21:2
2、015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee GME/21/5, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring - Vibration of machines.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport
3、to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 79268 7 ICS 17.160 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.T
4、his British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e d ISO 2015Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts Part 21:
5、Horizontal axis wind turbines with gearboxVibrations mcaniques valuation des vibrations des machines par mesurages sur les parties non tournantes Partie 21: Turbines oliennes axe horizontal avec multiplicateurINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO 10816-21First edition 2015-05-01Reference number ISO 10816-21:201
6、5(E)BS ISO 10816-21:2015ISO 10816-21:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or me
7、chanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, S
8、witzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 10816-21:2015ISO 10816-21:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 23 Terms and definitions . 24 Basic principles 24.1 Measurement and characteristic quantities 24.2 Averaging methods and ev
9、aluation quantities for wind turbine vibration 34.3 Evaluation period . 35 Instructions on measurement and interpretation 45.1 General . 45.2 Nacelle and tower . 45.3 Rotor bearing 55.4 Gearbox 55.5 Generator . 65.6 Requirements for the measurement equipment . 65.7 Mounting and connection of the vib
10、ration transducers 75.8 Operating conditions during measurements 76 Evaluation criteria 86.1 General . 86.2 Evaluation zones 86.3 Change in vibration magnitude 97 Evaluation zone boundaries . 98 Setting of operational limits . 98.1 General . 98.2 ALERT limits. 108.3 ALARM limits . 108.4 TRIP limits
11、. 109 Information on vibration monitoring .109.1 Monitoring broad-band vibration . 109.2 Condition monitoring . 10Annex A (informative) Evaluation zone boundaries .12Annex B (informative) Schematic diagrams of two typical wind turbine designs with gearbox 13Bibliography .15 ISO 2015 All rights reser
12、ved iiiContents PageBS ISO 10816-21:2015ISO 10816-21:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committ
13、ees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Int
14、ernational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the di
15、fferent types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO sh
16、all not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document
17、is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT
18、) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary Information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring, Subcommittee SC 2, Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration and shock as applied to machines, vehicles and structur
19、es.ISO 10816 consists of the following parts, under the general title Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts: Part 1: General guidelines Part 2: Land-based steam turbines and generators in excess of 50 MW with normal operating speeds of 1 500 r/min
20、, 1 800 r/min, 3 000 r/min and 3 600 r/min Part 3: Industrial machines with nominal power above 15 kW and nominal speeds between 120 r/min and 15 000 r/min when measured in situ Part 4: Gas turbine sets with fluid-film bearings Part 5: Machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pumping plants Pa
21、rt 6: Reciprocating machines with power ratings above 100 kW Part 7: Rotodynamic pumps for industrial applications, including measurements on rotating shafts Part 8: Reciprocating compressor systems Part 21: Horizontal axis wind turbines with gearboxA part 22 on horizontal axis wind turbines without
22、 gearbox is planned.iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 10816-21:2015ISO 10816-21:2015(E)IntroductionPrevious International Standards available for evaluating the vibration of structures and machines cannot be applied to wind turbines due to the special nature of their construction and operation.
23、The vibration of the tower and nacelle of a wind turbine caused by the effects of wind, flow disturbances due to the tower (tower dam effect), the natural vibration of the rotor blades and structure itself (tower and foundation), and additionally, e.g. sea swell in the case of offshore wind turbines
24、, differs from that of other industrial structures with respect to the time behaviour and spectra of the vibration.ISO 10816-1, dealing with the measurement and evaluation of machine vibration, could be called on for the components of wind turbines (rotor bearing, gearbox, and generator). It is the
25、basis of a number of other International Standards, including ISO 10816-3, for industrial machines of all kinds. Wind turbines are, however, expressly excluded from the scope of ISO 10816-3.The criteria laid down in the other parts of ISO 10816 would, in principle, be applicable to wind turbine comp
26、onents. However, these criteria apply only to vibration generated within the machine set itself, and thus, affect its components directly. The criteria are also valid for evaluating the vibration emission (i.e. emission into the environment of a machine set), but they cannot be applied to vibration
27、transmitted to the machines from external sources (i.e. vibration immission, structure-borne noise). With wind turbines, these are the effects of vibration of the tower or nacelle which are excited by wind and, in the case of offshore wind turbines, additionally by sea swell. Due to the extreme flex
28、ibility of blades and tower and the low rotor rotational speeds, it is necessary to include the low-frequency vibration in the measurement and evaluation.The necessity to measure and evaluate the low-frequency vibration of the components in response to periodic and stochastic excitation sources requ
29、ires modified evaluation quantities in contrast to ISO 10816-3 and this is complicated by the effects of wind and waves on the wind turbine structure which leads to high-amplitude, low-frequency vibration.Due to the great influence of the vibration magnitude of a wind turbine on the stress of all co
30、mponents and thus on their operational reliability and service life, there is great interest of stakeholders involved in the manufacture, ownership operation, service, maintenance, and financing of wind turbines in having a recognized standard which provides criteria and recommendations regarding th
31、e measurement and evaluation of the mechanical vibration of wind turbines and their components. This is the central task of this part of ISO 10816 and a subsequent part 22 which is planned.The aim of this part of ISO 10816 is to standardize measurements, to assist in their evaluation and to make pos
32、sible a comparative evaluation of the vibration measured in wind turbines and their components. In the event of evaluation zone boundaries being exceeded, the results of such measurements should enable conclusions to be drawn regarding possible threats to the corresponding components of the wind tur
33、bine or to the installation as a whole, but without identifying the corresponding causes in any detail. If evaluation zone boundaries are not exceeded, the running behaviour can well be normal, but this does not rule out the possibility of individual instances of damage. Evaluation zone boundary val
34、ues are not intended to be used as acceptance values. These need to be agreed on between the manufacturer and the user.The working principle of wind turbines covered by this part of ISO 10816 is based on a rotating rotor with a horizontal rotational axis. The rotor consists of a rotor hub with rotor
35、 blades which are either mounted immovably or which can be turned on their longitudinal axis. The rotor hub is connected to the drive train of the wind turbine. The mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy by a generator which is driven via a gearbox or directly. As a rule, these energy
36、 conversion components are accommodated in a machinery housing which is referred to as the nacelle. The nacelle is mounted on bearings which allow it to rotate on the tower while the tower itself stands on its own foundation.The rotor blades, and thus the rotor, are exposed not only to asymmetricall
37、y incoming air flow, but also to stochastic wind speed fluctuations. Asymmetric incoming flows are, for example, the result of wind turbulence, gusts, off-axis flow into the rotor, as well as different wind speeds distributed over the rotor surface. In addition to aerodynamic loads, the wind turbine
38、 is also affected by inertial forces and by loads resulting from different operating situations. Superimposition of the external conditions ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO 10816-21:2015ISO 10816-21:2015(E)on the operating conditions such as power output and rotational speed, taking into conside
39、ration the constructive design of the wind turbine or its individual components, results in alternating loading on the entire wind turbine with its rotor, drive train, tower and foundation, and thus leads to vibration excitation at the individual components.Drive trains consist of assemblies which a
40、re different in their type of design and their particular shafts. Therefore, they can excite vibration which is dependent or independent of rotational speed. Depending on the manufacturer and design, a different vibratory behaviour is shown by the generators, gearboxes and clutches, not only as indi
41、vidual assemblies, but also in interaction with, and depending on the type of wind turbine installation. Depending on the exciter and excitation range, the occurring vibration can, for example, result from poor alignment and lead to gear-tooth engagement shocks in the gearbox. Furthermore, resonance
42、 vibration can occur in the drive train. For these reasons, it is imperative in all cases to take the entire wind turbine into consideration, i.e. the drive train with rotor blades, nacelle, and tower.On account of the great influence which the type of mechanical drive train can have on the vibratio
43、n magnitude of all wind turbine components, it is necessary to divide the wind turbines into two groups: Group 1: horizontal axis wind turbine installations with generators coupled to the rotor via a gearbox; Group 2: horizontal axis wind turbine installations with generators coupled to the rotor wi
44、thout a gearbox (direct drive).This part of ISO 10816 applies to group 1 wind turbines. A part 22 for group 2 wind turbines is planned and a limited amount of measured data is already available.vi ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 10816-21:2015Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by
45、 measurements on non-rotating parts Part 21: Horizontal axis wind turbines with gearbox1 ScopeThis part of ISO 10816 specifies the measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration of wind turbines and their components by taking measurements on non-rotating parts. It applies to horizontal axis wind
46、 turbines with mechanical gearbox and rated generator output exceeding 200 kW and the following design and operational characteristics:a) installation on supporting systems (tower and foundation) made of steel and/or concrete;b) horizontal axis rotor with several rotor blades;c) rotor bearing separa
47、te from or integrated into the gearbox;d) generators driven via gearbox;e) generators of the synchronous or asynchronous type (mostly equipped with 4-pole generator);f) generators with only a fixed pole number or which are pole-changeable for speed adjustment;g) output control by rotor blades (pitch
48、 or stall wind turbines);h) generator coupled to the power grid via converter or directly.This part of ISO 10816 recommends zones for evaluating the vibration at continuous load operation. However, in most cases, these evaluation zone boundaries might not be suitable for the early detection of fault
49、s. This part of ISO 10816 does not specify vibration values for the zone boundaries because there are insufficient data available for the complete range of wind turbines in the worldwide fleet covered by this part of ISO 10816. However, for information only, Annex A presents evaluation zone boundaries for onshore wind turbines. These zone boundaries are based on vibration data from about 1 000 wind turbines with rated generator output up to 3 MW. They can be helpful in facilitating discussion between users and manufacturers. Evaluation zon
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