BS ISO 10816-4-2009 en 4825 Mechanical vibration - Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts - Gas turbine sets with fluid-film bearings《机械振动 非旋转部件上的测量评.pdf

1、BS ISO10816-4:2009ICS 17.160; 27.040NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDMechanical vibration Evaluation ofmachine vibration bymeasurements on non-rotating partsPart 4: Gas turbine sets with fluid-filmbearingsThis British Standardwas published underth

2、e authority of theStandards Policy andStrategy Committee on 30November 2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 64809 0Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS ISO 10816-4:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 10816-4:2009. Itsupersedes BS7854-4:1998 whic

3、h is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee GME/21/5, Vibration of machines.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a co

4、ntract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS ISO 10816-4:2009Reference numberISO 10816-4:2009(E)ISO 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO10816-4Second edition2009-10-01Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine

5、vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts Part 4: Gas turbine sets with fluid-film bearings Vibrations mcaniques valuation des vibrations des machines par mesurages sur les parties non tournantes Partie 4: Turbines gaz paliers film fluide BS ISO 10816-4:2009ISO 10816-4:2009(E) PDF disclaimer T

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10、dy in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2009 All rights reservedBS ISO 10816-4:2009ISO 10816-4:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved

11、iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references2 3 Measurement procedures.2 4 Evaluation criteria .4 4.1 General .4 4.2 Criterion I: Vibration magnitude 5 4.3 Criterion II: Change in vibration magnitude under steady-state conditions at normal operating speed.10 4.4 Supple

12、mentary procedures/criteria.10 4.5 Evaluation based on vibration vector information 10 Annex A (normative) Evaluation zone boundaries12 Annex B (informative) Example of setting ALARM and TRIP values.13 Annex C (informative) Cautionary notes about the use of vibration velocity criteria at low rotatio

13、nal speeds.14 Bibliography16 BS ISO 10816-4:2009ISO 10816-4:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally c

14、arried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the wor

15、k. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare Inter

16、national Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of th

17、e elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 10816-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring, Subcommittee SC 2, Measurement and evalu

18、ation of mechanical vibration and shock as applied to machines, vehicles and structures. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10816-4:1998), of which it constitutes a technical revision. The main changes are: clarification that the document applies only to gas turbine sets

19、 with fluid-film bearings; emphasis on acceptance specifications always being agreed on between the supplier and the purchaser of the gas turbine set prior to installation; the addition of provisions for evaluating the vibration of coupled gas turbine sets during transient operation; introduction of

20、 a new annex providing cautionary notes about the use of constant vibration velocity criteria at low frequencies; closer alignment of this part of ISO 10816 with ISO 7919-2, ISO 7919-4 and ISO 10816-2. ISO 10816 consists of the following parts, under the general title Mechanical vibration Evaluation

21、 of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts: Part 1: General guidelines Part 2: Land-based steam turbines and generators in excess of 50 MW with normal operating speeds of 1 500 r/min, 1 800 r/min, 3 000 r/min and 3 600 r/min Part 3: Industrial machines with nominal power above 15 kW

22、 and nominal speeds between 120 r/min and 15 000 r/min when measured in situ Part 4: Gas turbine sets with fluid-film bearings Part 5: Machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pumping plants Part 6: Reciprocating machines with power ratings above 100 kW Part 7: Rotodynamic pumps for industrial

23、 applications, including measurements on rotating shafts BS ISO 10816-4:2009ISO 10816-4:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved vIntroduction ISO 10816-1 is the basic part of ISO 10816 giving the general requirements for evaluating the vibration of various machine types when the vibration measurements

24、are made on non-rotating parts. This part of ISO 10816 gives specific provisions for assessing the severity of vibration measured on the bearing housings or pedestals of gas turbine sets. Measurements at these locations characterize the state of vibration reasonably well. Evaluation criteria, based

25、on previous experience, are presented. These can be used for assessing the vibratory condition of such machines. Two criteria are provided for assessing the machine vibration when operating under steady-state conditions. One criterion considers the magnitude of the observed vibration; the second con

26、siders changes in the magnitude. In addition, different criteria are provided for transient operating conditions. However, vibration on non-rotating parts does not form the only basis for judging the severity of vibration. For gas turbine sets, it is also common to judge the vibration based on measu

27、rements taken on the rotating shafts. For shaft vibration measurement requirements, see ISO 7919-1 and ISO 7919-4. The evaluation procedures presented in this part of ISO 10816 are based on broad-band measurements. However, because of advances in technology, the use of narrow-band measurements or sp

28、ectral analysis has become increasingly widespread, particularly for the purposes of vibration evaluation, condition monitoring and diagnostics. The specification of criteria for such measurements is beyond the scope of this part of ISO 10816. They are dealt with in greater detail in ISO 13373 (all

29、parts), which establish provisions for the vibration condition monitoring of machines. BS ISO 10816-4:2009BS ISO 10816-4:2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10816-4:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts Part 4: Gas

30、 turbine sets with fluid-film bearings 1 Scope This part of ISO 10816 establishes provisions for evaluating the severity of in-situ, broad-band vibration measured radial (i.e. transverse) to the shaft axis on all main bearing housings or pedestals and in the axial direction on thrust bearings. These

31、 are in terms of: vibration under normal steady-state operating conditions; vibration during other (non-steady-state) conditions when transient changes are taking place, including run up or run down, initial loading and load changes; changes in vibration which can occur during normal steady-state op

32、eration. This part of ISO 10816 is applicable to heavy-duty gas turbine sets used in electrical and mechanical drive applications, with fluid-film bearings, outputs greater than 3 MW and an operating speed range under load between 3 000 r/min and 30 000 r/min. This includes gas turbines coupled to o

33、ther rotating machinery either directly or through a gearbox. In some cases, this part of ISO 10816 is not applicable to the evaluation of the vibration of the coupled equipment (see the list of exclusions in this clause). EXAMPLE For single-shaft combined-cycle power units in which a gas turbine is

34、 coupled to a steam turbine and/or generator, the evaluation of the gas turbine vibration is according to this part of ISO 10816, but that of the steam turbine and generator is according to ISO 10816-2 or ISO 10816-3. This part of ISO 10816 is not applicable to the following: a) aero-derivative gas

35、turbines (including gas turbines with dynamic properties similar to those of aero-derivatives); NOTE ISO 3977-3 defines aero-derivatives as aircraft propulsion gas generators adapted to drive mechanical, electrical or marine propulsion equipment. Large differences exist between heavy-duty and aero-d

36、erivative gas turbines, for example in casing flexibility, bearing design, rotor to stator mass ratio and mounting structure. Different criteria therefore apply for these two turbine types. b) gas turbines with outputs less than or equal to 3 MW (see ISO 10816-3); c) gas turbine driven pumps (see IS

37、O 10816-7); d) coupled steam turbines and/or generators with outputs less than or equal to 50 MW (see ISO 10816-3); e) coupled steam turbines and/or generators with outputs greater than 50 MW (see ISO 10816-2); f) synchronizing clutches which couple the gas turbine to a steam turbine or generator (s

38、ee ISO 10816-2); g) coupled compressors (see ISO 10816-3); BS ISO 10816-4:2009ISO 10816-4:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reservedh) gearbox vibration (see this clause); i) rolling element bearing vibration. This part of ISO 10816 is applicable to other driven equipment not included in this list of ex

39、clusions. This part of ISO 10816 is applicable to machines which can be coupled to a gearbox, but does not address the evaluation of the vibration condition of those gears. Specialist techniques are required for evaluating the vibration condition of gears which are outside the scope of this part of

40、ISO 10816. The numerical values specified are not intended to serve as the only basis for judging the severity of vibration. For gas turbine sets, it is also common to judge the vibration based on measurements taken on the rotating shafts. For such vibration measurement requirements, see ISO 7919-1

41、and ISO 7919-4. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 7919-4

42、, Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on rotating shafts Part 4: Gas turbine sets with fluid-film bearings ISO 10816-1:1995, Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts Part 1: General guidelines 3 Measurement procedures

43、 The measurement procedures and instrumentation shall comply with the general requirements of ISO 10816-1 and are as follows. For monitoring purposes, the measurement system shall be capable of measuring broad-band vibration over a frequency range from 10 Hz to at least 500 Hz or six times the maxim

44、um normal operating frequency, whichever is the greater. If, however, the instrumentation is also used for diagnostic purposes, a wider frequency range and/or spectral analysis can be necessary. For example, in cases where the frequency corresponding to the first critical speed of the gas turbine is

45、 below 10 Hz, the lower limit of the linear range of the measurement system shall be reduced accordingly. In special cases where significant low-frequency vibration can be transmitted to the machine, such as in earthquake regions, it can be necessary to filter the low-frequency response of the instr

46、umentation and/or implement an appropriate time delay. If measurements from different machines are compared, care should be taken to ensure that the same frequency range is used. The locations of vibration measurements should be such that they provide adequate sensitivity to the dynamic forces of th

47、e machine. Care should be taken to ensure that the measurement equipment is not unduly influenced by external sources, such as combustion vibration, gear mesh vibration, and airborne and structure-borne noise. Typically, this requires measuring in two radial directions on each main bearing cap or pe

48、destal with a pair of orthogonal transducers, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The transducers may be placed at any angular location on the bearing housings or pedestals, although vertical and horizontal directions are usually preferred. A single radial transducer may be used on a bearing cap or pedesta

49、l in place of the more typical pair of orthogonal transducers if it is known to provide adequate information on the magnitude of the machine vibration. In general, however, caution should be observed when evaluating vibration from a single transducer at a measurement plane since it might not be oriented to provide a reasonable approximation of the maximum value at that plane. BS ISO 10816-4:2009ISO 10816-4:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 3It is not common practice to measure axial vibration