BS ISO 1087-2-2000 Terminology work - Vocabulary - Computer applications《术语工作 词汇 计算机应用》.pdf

1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 1087-2:2000 ICS 01

2、.020; 01.040.01 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Terminology work Vocabulary Part 2: Computer applicationsThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Management Systems Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standar

3、ds Committee and comes into effect on 15 June 2000 BSI 06-2000 ISBN 0 580 36009 1 BS ISO 1087-2:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 1087-2:2000 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participat

4、ion in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee TS/1, Terminology, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests in

5、formed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this docu

6、ment may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of B

7、ritish Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to viii, pages 1 to 26, an inside

8、back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Referencenumber Numroderfrence ISO1087-2:2000(E/F) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 1087-2 Firstedition Premiredition 2000-03-01 TerminologyworkVocabulary Part2

9、: Computerapplications TravauxterminologiquesVocabulaire Partie2: ApplicationslogiciellesISO1087-2:2000(E/F) PrintedinSwitzerland/ImprimenSuisse ii ISO1087-2:2000(E/F)iii Contents Page Forewordv Introduction.vii 1 Scope1 2 Generalconcepts.1 3 Dataorganization.6 4 Filteringofterminologicaldata7 5 Cha

10、racters9 6 Storingdata11 7 Informationretrieval13 8 Datahandling.15 9 Datavalidation.16 10 Operations18 11 Relatedfieldsofapplication.20 Bibliography21 Alphabeticalindex23ISO1087-2:2000(E/F) iv Sommaire Page Avant-proposvi Introductionviii 1 Domainedapplication.1 2 Conceptsgnraux1 3 Organisationdesd

11、onnes6 4 Filtragedesdonnesterminologiques7 5 Caractres.9 6 Stockagedesdonnes11 7 Recherchedocumentaire13 8 Manipulationdesdonnes15 9 Validationdesdonnes.16 10 Oprations18 11 Domainesdapplicationassocis20 Bibliographie.21 Indexalphabtique.25ISO1087-2:2000(E/F)v Foreword ISO(theInternationalOrganizati

12、onforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISO memberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnical committees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhas therighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.

13、Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,in liaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnical Commission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization. InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirecti

14、ves,Part3. DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting. PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75%ofthememberbodiescastingavote. AttentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthispartofISO1087maybethesubjectofpatent

15、 rights.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights. InternationalStandardISO1087-2waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC37, Terminology (principles and coordination), Subcommittee SC 3, Computer applications. ThispartofISO1087cancelsandreplacesISO1087:1990,clause7.ISO1087-1,wh

16、ichisbeingprepared,will constituteatechnicalrevisionoftheotherclausesofISO1087:1990. ISO1087consistsofthefollowingparts,underthegeneraltitle Terminology work Vocabulary: Part 1: Theory and application Part 2: Computer applicationsISO1087-2:2000(E/F) vi Avant-propos LISO(Organisationinternationaleden

17、ormalisation)estunefdrationmondialedorganismesnationauxde normalisation(comitsmembresdelISO).LlaborationdesNormesinternationalesestengnralconfieaux comitstechniquesdelISO.Chaquecomitmembreintressparunetudealedroitdefairepartieducomit techniquecrceteffet.Lesorganisationsinternationales,gouvernemental

18、esetnongouvernementales,en liaisonaveclISOparticipentgalementauxtravaux.LISOcollaboretroitementaveclaCommission lectrotechniqueinternationale(CEI)encequiconcernelanormalisationlectrotechnique. LesNormesinternationalessontrdigesconformmentauxrglesdonnesdanslesDirectivesISO/CEI,Partie3. LesprojetsdeNo

19、rmesinternationalesadoptsparlescomitstechniquessontsoumisauxcomitsmembrespour vote.LeurpublicationcommeNormesinternationalesrequiertlapprobationde75%aumoinsdescomits membresvotants. LattentionestappelesurlefaitquecertainsdeslmentsdelaprsentepartiedelISO1087peuventfaire lobjetdedroitsdepropritintelle

20、ctuelleoudedroitsanalogues.LISOnesauraittretenuepourresponsablede nepasavoiridentifidetelsdroitsdepropritetavertideleurexistence. LaNormeinternationaleISO1087-2atlaboreparlecomittechniqueISO/TC37, Terminologie (principes et coordination), sous-comit SC 3, Terminotique. LaprsentepartiedelISO1087annul

21、eetremplacelISO1087:1990,article7.LISO1087-1,actuellementen coursdlaboration,constitueraunervisiontechniquedesautresarticlesdelISO1087:1990. LISO1087comprendlespartiessuivantes,prsentessousletitregnral Travaux terminologiques Vocabulaire: Partie 1: Thorie et application Partie 2: Applications logici

22、ellesISO1087-2:2000(E/F)vii Introduction Thetermsofthisinternationalterminologystandardaregiveninaclusteredorderingsubsumedunderafew generalheadings.Usually,termsnecessaryforthedefinitionofothertermsareprecedingtheentriesofthelatter. Forconvenienceofuse,however,analphabeticalindexistobefoundattheend

23、ofthispartofISO1087. ThelayoutisdesignedaccordingtoISO10241.Thus,theelementsofanentryappearinthefollowingorder: entrynumber preferredterm(boldface),wordclass shortform(boldface) admittedterm deprecatedterm:labelled“(deprecated)” subjectfield betweenanglebrackets definition examples notes U V | | W |

24、 | referencetoanotherentryinboldfacefollowedbyentrynumberinbrackets,whenitisfirst mentioned Exceptforentrynumber,preferredtermanddefinition,elementsappearonlywhereappropriate. Entriesarenounsexceptwherestatedotherwise.ISO1087-2:2000(E/F) viii Introduction LestermesdelaprsenteNormeinternationaletermi

25、nologiquesontclasssparthmedansplusieurssous- groupesgnraux.Enprincipe,lestermesquientrentdansladfinitiondautrestermesprcdentlesentresde cesderniers.Nanmoins,pourdesraisonspratiques,unindexalphabtiqueestfournilafindelaprsentepartie delISO1087. LastructureesttablieconformmentlISO10241.Leslmentsdechaqu

26、eentresontaffichsdanslordre suivant: lenumrodentre letermeprivilgi(engras),laclassedemots labrviation(engras) le(s)terme(s)admis letermerejet,indiqupar(rejet) ledomaine affichentrecessignes unedfinition desexemples desnotes U V | | W | | unerfrenceuneautreentre,engrasetsuivieparlenumrodentreentre pa

27、renthses,quandelleestmentionnelapremirefois lexceptiondunumrodentre,toujoursaffich,letermeprivilgietlesdiffrentslmentsdeladfinitionne sontindiqusquelorsquecelaestncessaire. Saufindicationcontraire,lesentressontdesnoms.INTERNATIONALSTANDARD NORMEINTERNATIONALE ISO1087-2:2000(E/F)1 Terminologywork Voc

28、abulary Part2: Computerapplications Travauxterminologiques Vocabulaire Partie2: Applicationslogicielles 1 Scope This International Standard defines terms for languageandinformationprocessingforapplications interminologyworkandterminography. 1 Domainedapplication LaprsenteNormeinternationaledfinitles

29、termes utilisspourletraitementdulangageetdelinfor- mationdanslesapplicationslieslaterminologieet laterminographie. 2 Generalconcepts 2.1 information informationprocessing knowledgeconcerningsuch thingsasfacts,concepts,objects,events,ideas NOTE1 AdaptedfromISO2382-1:1993. NOTE2 Informationisdefineddi

30、fferentlyin other applicationareas. 2 Conceptsgnraux 2.1 information traitementdelinformation connaissancedlments telsquedesfaits,desconcepts,desobjets,des vnementsetdesides NOTE1 AdaptdelISO2382-1:1993. NOTE2 Letermeinformationestdfinidiffremment dansdautresdomainesdapplication. 2.2 data representa

31、tionofinformation(2.1)inaformalized mannersuitableforcommunication,interpretation, storingorprocessing NOTE AdaptedfromISO/IEC2382-1:1993. 2.2 donne informations(2.1)reprsentessousuneforme conventionnelleconvenantlacommunication, linterprtation,austockageouautraitement NOTE AdaptdelISO/CEI2382-1:199

32、3. 2.3 data processing DP systematicperformanceofoperationsupondata(2.2) EXAMPLE Arithmeticorlogicoperationsupondata (2.2),merging(8.5)orsorting(8.4)ofdata,assemblingor compilingofprograms,oroperationsontext(2.6),suchas textediting(11.3),sorting,merging,storing,retrieving, displaying(8.6),orprinting

33、. 2.3 traitement des donnes droulement systmatique doprations sur des donnes(2.2) EXEMPLE Oprationsarithmtiquesoulogiquessur desdonnes(2.2),fusion(8.5)outri(8.4)dedonnes, assemblageoucompilationdeprogrammes,ouoprations surdutexte(2.6)commelditiondetexte(11.3),letri,la fusion,lestockage,larecherche,l

34、affichage(8.6)ou limpression.ISO1087-2:2000(E/F) 2 NOTE Thetermshouldnotbeusedasasynonymfor informationprocessing(2.4). ISO2382-1:1993 NOTE Ilconvientquecetermenesoitpasutilis commeunsynonymedutermetraitementdelinformation (2.4). ISO2382-1:1993 2.4 information processing systematicperformanceofopera

35、tionsuponinfor- mation(2.1)thatincludesdataprocessing(2.3) NOTE1 Thetermmustnotbeusedasasynonymfor dataprocessing(2.3). NOTE2 AdaptedfromISO2382-1:1993. 2.4 traitement de linformation droulementsystmatiquedoprationssurdesinfor- mations(2.1),incluantgalementletraitementde donnes(2.3) NOTE1 Ilconvient

36、quecetermenesoitpasutilis commeunsynonymedutermetraitementdesdonnes (2.3). NOTE2 AdaptdelISO2382-1:1993. 2.5 language processing informationprocessing(2.4)onlanguage EXAMPLE Proofreading:proofreadingcanbecarried outintellectuallyandbyusingaspell-checker.Both operationsarecomplementary. 2.5 traitemen

37、t du langage traitementdelinformation(2.4)surlelangage EXEMPLE Lacorrectionduntextepeuttreralise intellectuellementouenutilisantuncorrecteurorthogra- phique.Cesdeuxoprationssontcomplmentaires. 2.6 text data(2.2)intheformofcharacters(5.1),symbols, words,phrases,paragraphs,sentences,tables,or othercha

38、racterarrangements,intendedtoconveya meaning,andwhoseinterpretationisessentially basedupontheknowledgeofsomenaturalorartificial language NOTE AdaptedfromISO2382-1:1993. 2.6 texte donnes(2.2)souslaformedecaractres(5.1),de symboles,demots,dephrases,deparagraphes,de tableaux,oudetoutautredispositiondec

39、aractres, dontlobjectifestdevhiculerdusens,etdont linterprtation repose essentiellement sur la connaissancedunlangagenaturelouartificiel NOTE AdaptdelISO2382-1:1993 2.7 text corpus corpus language engineering systematic collection of machine-readabletexts(seealso6.4)orpartsoftext prepared,codedandst

40、oredaccordingtopredefined rules NOTE1 Atextcorpusmaybelimitedaccordingto aspectsofsubjectfields,sizeortime,e.g.mathematical texts,certainperiodicalsfrom1986onwards.Itisusedas sourcematerialforfurtherlinguisticanalysisorterminology work. NOTE2 SeealsoISO1087-1. 2.7 corpus de textes corpus ingnierieli

41、nguistique regroupementsystmatique de textes exploitables par une machine (voir galement:6.4)oudefragmentsdetexteprpars, codsetstocksselondesrglesprdfinies NOTE1 Uncorpusdetextespeutneregrouperqueles textescorrespondantcertainesdescaractristiquesdu domainetudi,tellesquelatailleoulapriode,par exemple

42、textesmathmatiques,priodiquesspcifiques parusdepuis1986.Uncorpusestutiliscommelematriau sourcepartirduquelpeuventtreralissdesanalyses linguistiquesoudestravauxdeterminologie. NOTE2 VoiraussilISO1087-1.ISO1087-2:2000(E/F)3 2.8 type languageengineering linguisticunitinatext(2.6) representingadefinedcl

43、ass NOTE Suchlinguisticunitsareusuallycharacter strings(5.13)uninterruptedbydelimiters(2.10). 2.8 type ingnierielinguistique unitlinguistiquedansun texte(2.6)reprsentantuneclassedfinie NOTE Cesunitslinguistiquessontgnralementdes chanesdecaractres(5.13)noninterrompuespardes dlimiteurs(2.10). 2.! to“e

44、n natural-languageprocessing occurrenceofatype (2.8) EXAMPLE Iftheclassisdefinedasallwordforms (2.11)of“good”,thenalltheoccurrencesofthewordforms “good”,“better”and“best”aretokens. 2.! occurrence traitementenlangagenaturel nombredefoiso apparatuntype(2.8) EXEMPLE Silaclasseestdfiniecommelensemble de

45、sformeslexicales(2.11)dumotbon,alorstoutesles occasionsoapparaissentlesformeslexicalesbonet meilleursontdesoccurrences. 2.1# delimiter separator oneormorecharacters(5.1)usedtoindicatethe beginningortheendofacharacterstring(5.13) ISO2382-4:1987 NOTE Blanksorpunctuationmarksoftenfunctionas delimiters.

46、 2.1# dlimiteur sparateur unouplusieurscaractres(5.1)utilisspourmarquer ledbutoulafindunechanedecaractres(5.13) ISO2382-4:1987 NOTE Lesblancsoulessignesdeponctuationsont souventutilisscommedlimiteurs. 2.11 $ord form morphosyntacticalvariantofagivenword EXAMPLE Indicate:indicates,visitor:visitors,vis

47、itors. NOTE Ininflectinglanguages,wordformsareoften equivalenttoinflectedformse.g.“go”,“goes”;butalso:“go”, “went”,“gone”. 2.11 forme lexicale variantemorphosyntaxiquedunmotdonn EXEMPLE Indiquer:indiquons,indiquant;instituteur: instituteurs,institutrices NOTE Dansleslangagesconjugus,lesformes lexica

48、lescorrespondentsouventauxformesconjugues, parexempletre,est,maisaussitre,fut,t. 2.12 paradigm natural-languageprocessing classofwordforms (2.11)belongingtoagivenwordormulti-wordterm (2.14) EXAMPLE Sell,sells,sold,selling 2.12 paradigme traitementenlangagenaturel classedeformes lexicales(2.11)serapportantunmotsimpleou untermecompos(2.14) EXEMPLE Dormir,dort,dormi,dormant 2.13 %ase form referenceform wordform(2.11)chosenaccordingtolexicographical conventionsrepresentingtheformsofaparadigm (2.12)