BS ISO 10972-1-1998 Cranes - Requirements for mechanisms - General《起重机 机构要求 第1部分 综述》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 10972-1:1998 Cranes Requirements for mechanisms Part 1: General ICS 53.020.20BSISO10972-1:1998 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15

2、 July 1998 BSI 04-1999 ISBN 0 580 30039 0 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 10972-1:1998 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee MHE/3, Cranes and derricks, to Subcommittee MHE/3/3, Brid

3、ge, gantry and slewing jib cranes, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and Eu

4、ropean developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI

5、Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsi

6、ble for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theISOtitle page, page ii, pages 1 to 6 and a back cover. This standard has

7、been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO10972-1:1998 BSI 04-1999 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword i

8、i Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definitions 2 4 General 2ii blankBSISO10972-1:1998 ii BSI 04-1999 Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International St

9、andards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also

10、 take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Internatio

11、nal Standard requires approval by at least75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 10972-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 96, Cranes, Subcommittee SC 9, Bridge and gantry cranes. ISO 10972 consists of the following parts, under the general title Cranes Requirem

12、ents for mechanisms: Part 1: General; Part 2: Mobile cranes; Part 3: Tower cranes; Part 4: Jib cranes; Part 5: Overhead travelling and portal bridge cranes. Descriptors: Handling equipment, lifting equipment, cranes (hoists), machine components, specifications, design, generalities.BSISO10972-1:1998

13、 BSI 04-1999 1 Introduction This part of ISO 10972 establishes requirements and gives guidance and design rules that reflect the present state of the art in the field of crane machine design. The rules given represent good design practice that provides guidance for the fulfilment of essential safety

14、 requirements and adequate service of components. Deviation from these rules normally may lead to increased risks or reduction of service life, but it is acknowledged that new technical innovations, materials, etc., may enable new solutions that result in equal or improved safety and durability. 1 S

15、cope This part of ISO 10972 establishes requirements which apply generally to mechanisms and related components of cranes and lifting appliances as described in ISO4306-1, ISO4306-2 and ISO4306-3. Requirements concern: a) general layout and design of mechanisms; b) selection and/or design requiremen

16、ts of components; c) instructions for manufacture, mounting, installation and testing. Rules for proof of competence calculation regarding different limit states (yield strength, fatigue, wear) are excluded from this part of ISO10972. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions

17、 which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO10972. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO10972 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of appl

18、ying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 1328-1:1995, Cylindrical gears ISO system of accuracy Part 1: Definitions and allowable values of deviations relevant to corresponding flanks of g

19、ear teeth. ISO 2408:1985, Steel wire ropes for general purposes Characteristics. ISO 3077:, Short link chain for lifting purposes Grade T (8), calibrated, for chain hoists and other lifting appliances 1) . ISO 4301-1:1986, Cranes and lifting appliances Classification Part 1: General. ISO 4306-1:1990

20、, Cranes Vocabulary Part 1: General. ISO 4306-2:1994, Cranes Vocabulary Part 2: Mobile cranes. ISO 4306-3:1991, Cranes Vocabulary Part 3: Tower cranes. ISO 4308-1:1986, Cranes and lifting appliances Selection of wire ropes Part 1: General. ISO 4309:1990, Cranes Wire ropes Code of practice for examin

21、ation and discard. ISO 4310:1981, Cranes Test code and procedures. ISO 4347:1992, Leaf chains, clevises and sheaves. ISO 4413:, Hydraulic fluid power General rules for the application of equipment to transmission and control systems 2) . ISO 4414:, Hydraulic fluid power Recommendations for the appli

22、cation of equipment to transmission and control systems 3) . ISO 4779:1986, Forged steel lifting hooks with point and eye for use with steel chains of grade M(4). ISO 6336-1:1996, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 1: Basic principles, introduction and general influence fact

23、ors. ISO 6336-2:1996, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 2: Calculation of surface durability (pitting). ISO 6336-3:1996, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 3: Calculation of tooth bending strength. ISO 6336-5:1996, Calculation of load capacity of sp

24、ur and helical gears Part 5: Strength and quality of materials. ISO 7752-1:1983, Lifting appliances Controls Layout and characteristics Part 1: General principles. ISO 7597:1987, Forged steel lifting hooks with point and eye for use with steel chains of grade T(8). ISO 10300-1:, Calculation of load

25、capacity of bevel gears Part 1: Introduction and general influencing factors 4) . ISO 11660-1:, Cranes Access, guards and restraints Part 1: General 4) . 1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 3077:1984) 2) To be published. (Revision of ISO 4413:1979) 3) To be published. (Revision of ISO 4414:1982) 4)

26、 To be published.BSISO10972-1:1998 2 BSI 04-1999 3 Definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO 10972, the definitions given in ISO 4306-1, ISO 4306-2 and ISO 4306-3 and the following definitions apply. 3.1 in-service braking stopping or slowing the crane motion with the motor disconnected, thro

27、ugh an immediate and easy control by the operator from the normal working position 3.2 out-of-service braking avoiding unwanted starts for indefinite periods of time NOTEActuation may be automatic or manual. 3.3 emergency braking stopping the crane motion or motions in the case of loss of power or p

28、ressure supply through engagement with a limiting device or the activation of an emergency stop switch 3.4 control braking maintaining a desired speed, automatically or by the operator, with the motor engaged 3.5 chain drive device for supporting and moving loads via chain and roller arrangement 3.6

29、 rope drive device for supporting and moving loads via rope, sheave and drum arrangement 4 General 4.1 Design criteria 4.1.1 General design and layout General design and layout of a crane mechanism shall take into consideration: requirements of the user; specific function of the mechanism and its us

30、e; reliability of the mechanism, considering the consequences of failure; displacement of the structure supporting the mechanism; avoidance of uncontrolled motions considering the limits of transmission of force or moments, when provided for example by motors, clutches, brakes; avoidance of undesira

31、ble or excessive vibrations; avoidance of excessive noise emissions; ease of use and controls of the mechanism with adequate space and motion limiters and indicators; recommendations of the component supplier for the selection and installations of component parts; serviceability, i.e. easy accessibi

32、lity for maintenance of components (see ISO 11660-1); interchangeability of components; availability of lifting lugs or lifting points for handling; access for operator or maintenance personnel, see ISO 11660-1; environmental conditions and hazards. 4.1.2 Criteria for strength of components When sel

33、ecting the components of the mechanisms, it shall be verified that the applicable loading conditions in terms of maximum loading, load spectrum and number of load cycles comply with the corresponding rated characteristics of the components. 4.2 Power The power mechanism shall be an electrical, hydra

34、ulic or pneumatic motor or an internal combustion engine. The crane mechanism shall have sufficient power and torque to control the motions under the specified design conditions. Gravitational, inertial, in-service wind, friction forces and mechanism efficiency shall be taken into account. 4.3 Coupl

35、ings 4.3.1 General Selection of the type of coupling shall be made on the basis of the general design of the mechanism, its use and performance required in order to avoid vibrations and unwanted reactions. Alignment shall comply with the suppliers instructions. When necessary, rotating parts shall b

36、e statically or dynamically balanced. 4.3.2 Clutches When sprag-type clutches are used in hoist and derricking systems, they shall incorporate a positive mechanical lock against failure or be designed to transmit twice the maximum torque imposed by the maximum line pull. Dry friction clutches shall

37、be protected against rain and other liquids such as oil and lubricants.BSISO10972-1:1998 BSI 04-1999 3 Clutches shall be arranged to permit adjustments where necessary to compensate for wear. The maximum permissible torque of the clutch shall be at least as high at any operating temperature as the t

38、orque impulses occurring during operations, taking into account the impulse frequency and the permissible wear. 4.4 Brakes Means shall be provided for arresting each powered motion of the crane. Emergency braking shall be performed using brakes which are automatically applied in case of power failur

39、e. The emergency brakes shall provide a deceleration rate consistent with the design parameters for a fully loaded mechanism. The force to apply a manual in-service brake by hand or foot shall comply with the requirements of ISO7752. The same brake may be used for different types of braking, as appr

40、opriate. 4.4.1 Hoist brake The frictional hoist brakes shall be capable of automatically arresting and sustaining any rated load and dynamic test load at any position within the range of hoisting. When emergency load-lowering is required, the hoist brake shall be capable of manual release so that co

41、ntrol of the load will be maintained during lowering. The emergency load-lowering shall be carried out according to readily available instructions which take into account the heat-dissipating capability of the brake. The hoist brake shall be selected to have a nominal torque that is at least 1,5 tim

42、es the load torque. Cranes intended for transportation of molten metals or similar hazardous materials shall be equipped so that dropping of the load is prevented if a component in the force flow fails. This requirement is met by having redundant systems, or an emergency stopping brake on the rope d

43、rum in conjunction with a redundant rope drive, or up to a gross load capacity of 16t, designing the hoist at least two classification groups higher than required for actual operating conditions, and taking M5 as the minimum group. 4.4.2 Travel and slewing brake Travel and slewing braking shall be c

44、apable of arresting the motion of a crane in the most unfavourable loading condition. 4.5 Out-of-service devices When the mechanism is not in use, its position shall be retained by means of a brake or locking device. The locking device shall be arranged to avoid inadvertent engagement and disengagem

45、ent. Engagement of the locking device shall prevent inadvertent operation of the motion. When a crane is required to “weather-vane” in the out-of-service mode, the means of controlling this feature shall be operable from the control station. The device should operate automatically when the power sup

46、ply to the crane is removed; the crane is taken out of service. 4.6 Hydraulic and pneumatic systems The general requirements presented in ISO4413 and ISO4414 for hydraulic and pneumatic systems shall be applied for cranes. The hydraulic system and the control arrangement shall be such that no combin

47、ation of control selections can initiate any movement not intended by the operator, unless this is essential for the operation of a safety device or interlock. The circuits shall incorporate the following safety features: relief valves shall be provided in pressurized hydraulic and pneumatic circuit

48、s in order to limit the maximum pressure in the circuit; safety devices to protect against the effects of failure of a hose, pipe or fittings in any load-carrying circuit on the crane. All components and controls shall be capable of handling the design loads and shall provide safe function of the cr

49、ane under regular, occasional and exceptional conditions, considering the failure of power source and the testing of the system. All components and fluids (in a hydraulic system) shall be compatible with the application and the operational environment. For diagnostic trouble-shooting, pressure test points shall be provided at the appropriate places in the system and be indicated on the circuit diagrams. Where appropriate, means shall be provided to purge en