1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 11042-2:1996 Gas turbines Exhaust gas emission Part 2: Automated emission monitoring ICS 13.040.40; 27.040BSISO 11042-2:1996 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Engineering SectorBoard, was published underthe authority of the Standards Board
2、and comes intoeffect on 15 April 1997 BSI 03-2000 ISBN 0 580 27216 8 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO11042-2:1996 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/16, Gas turbines, which has
3、 the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in t
4、he UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International St
5、andards Correspondence Index”, or using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standa
6、rd does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 14, an inside back cover and abackcover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and
7、may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO11042-2:1996 BSI 03-2000 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword iii Text of ISO 11042-2 1ii blankBSISO
8、11042-2:1996 ii BSI 03-2000 Contents Page Foreword iii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Symbols and abbreviations 6 5 Monitoring programme 6 5.1 Monitoring system 6 5.2 Constitutents to be measured 6 5.3 Operating data to be recorded 6 6 Arrangement of monitoring system 8 6.1 Mea
9、surement locations for gaseous emissions 8 6.2 Point measurement of gaseous emissions 8 6.3 Path measurement of gaseous emissions 11 6.4 Particulate measurement location 11 6.5 Measurement locations for reference measurements 11 7 Components of the monitoring system 11 7.1 Extractive sampling 11 7.2
10、 Analysers 11 8 Calibration, functional checking and maintenance 12 8.1 General 12 8.2 Reference measurements 12 8.3 Relative accuracy test and validation procedure 12 8.4 Drift tests 14 8.5 Frequency of calibration 14 8.6 Supply of calibration gases (where applicable) 14 8.7 Maintenance 14 Annex A
11、(informative) Bibliography Inside back cover Figure 1 Example of an extractive sampling and conditioning system 3 Figure 2 Example of a point non-extractive monitor 4 Figure 3 Example of a path non-extractive monitor 5 Figure 4 Principal layout of the monitoring system 7 Figure 5 Flow chart for auto
12、mated data collection and processing 9 Figure 6 Typical arrangement of the equipment for monitoring and reference measurements 10 Figure 7 Measurement system design for gaseous constituents 13 Table 1 Analyser types for measurement of constituents 12 Descriptors: Turbines, gas turbine engines, exhau
13、st emissions, atmospheric contamination monitoring, exhaust gases, chemical analysis, determination of content.BSISO11042-2:1996 BSI 03-2000 iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of p
14、reparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental,
15、in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Pub
16、lication as an International Standard requires approval by at least75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 11042-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC192, Gas turbines. ISO 11042 consists of the following parts, under the general title Gas turbines Exhaust gas emis
17、sion: Part 1: Measurement and evaluation; Part 2: Automated emission monitoring. Annex A of this part of ISO11042 is for information only.iv blankBSISO11042-2:1996 BSI 03-2000 1 1 Scope This part of ISO11042 establishes the monitoring programme and the requirements for the selection and operation of
18、 hardware to be used for continuous measurement over an extended, not limited, time. The concentration and absolute magnitude of specified emissions in the exhaust gas are monitored as well as related gaseous components from gas turbines together with essential operating conditions. Appropriate term
19、s and symbols in addition to those defined in ISO11042-1 are used. It presents requirements for the monitoring environment, the instrumentation and recording as well as for quality assessment and correction of data. This part of ISO11042 is applicable for all gas turbines producing mechanical shaft
20、power and/or which are used as drivers for electrical generation as well as marine application but excluding application in aircraft. It can be used as a basis for installations equipped to utilize exhaust heat. This part of ISO 11042 is applicable for gas turbines which utilize the open cycle proce
21、ss. It is also applicable as a basis for gas turbines which utilize the semi-closed cycle and for gas turbines equipped with free piston compressors or with special heat sources. This part of ISO 11042 is not intended to be used for acceptance testing for gas turbine exhaust emissions except by mutu
22、al agreement between the parties involved. Constituents, which are released into the air in significant quantities, greater than a certain limiting value, should be monitored. Such values are determined by mutual agreement between the parties involved. In general, this part of ISO11042 requires that
23、 the following parameters be continuously monitored: emissions, diluent gas (O 2 , CO 2 ), exhaust gas flow (calculated or, if required, measured), fuel consumption and gas turbine plant performance. Chemical analysis of the fuel is required on fuel samples taken at regular intervals. 2 Normative re
24、ferences The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO11042. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO11042 ar
25、e encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 2314:1989, Gas turbines Acceptance tests. ISO 4225:1994, Air quality General aspects Vocabulary
26、. ISO 6879:1995, Air quality Performance characteristics and related concepts for air quality measuring methods. ISO 7504:1984, Gas analysis Vocabulary. ISO 10396:1993, Stationary source emissions Sampling for the automated determination of gas concentration. ISO 11042-1:1996, Gas turbines Exhaust g
27、as emission Part 1: Measurement and evaluation. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO 11042 the following definitions, as well as those given in ISO11042-1:1996, clause 3, apply. 3.1 monitoring 1) In the wide sense of the term, repeated measurements to follow changes over a period of ti
28、me. 2) In the restricted sense of the term, regular measurements of the pollutant level in relation to some standard in order to assess the effectiveness of the system of regulation and control. see ISO 4225:1994 3.2 reference measurement independent measurement for acceptance tests and recalibratio
29、n and for checking of actual measurement 3.3 analyser assembly comprising: a) lines permitting removal and transfer of gas to be analysed and/or of calibration gas; b) a measuring device which, from the physical or chemical properties of the components of the gas sample analysed, gives signals allow
30、ing the quantification of the components; c) signal processing devices (amplification, recording) or, if needed, data processing devices. see ISO 7504:1984 3.4 sampling principle Representative sampling of gases in the duct including both extractive and non-extractive methods. See ISO 10396:1993. NO
31、TE 1In extractive sampling, these gases must be conditioned to remove aerosol, particle matter and other interfering substances before being conveyed to the instruments. In non-extractive sampling, the measurements are in situ, therefore no sample conditioning will be required.BSISO 11042-2:1996 2 B
32、SI 03-2000 3.4.1 extractive sampling includes extraction of the sample, removal of interfering materials and maintenance of gas concentration throughout the sampling system for subsequent analysis by appropriate instrumentation (see Figure 1) 3.4.2 non-extractive sampling does not involve removal of
33、 a sample and sampling is confined to the gas stream in the duct (see Figure 2 and Figure 3) 3.5 system operating characteristics Aspects of performance from statistical, functional and operational points of view as defined in ISO6879. The following aspects are taken into consideration. 3.5.1 respon
34、se time Time taken for a system to respond to a rapid change in value of the air quality characteristics. It can be divided into two parts as follows. 3.5.1.1 lag time time taken for a representative sample to enter the instrument 3.5.1.2 instrument response time taken for the instrument to give an
35、output equal to90% of the total change in sample concentration 3.5.2 zero instability (drift) change in instrument output in response to a zero sample over a stated period of unattended operation 3.5.3 span difference between the instrument readings for a stated value of air quality characteristic a
36、nd for a zero sample; by convention, this value of air quality characteristic is selected to be95% of the upper limit of a gas concentration measurement range as it may be specified for affected source categories 3.5.4 span instability (drift) change in instrument output in response to a calibration
37、 gas of90% of the measuring range(s) of the instrument over a stated period of unattended operation 3.6 system calibration characteristics Aspects of measurement functions with pertinence to calibration. The following aspects are taken into consideration. 3.6.1 calibration function instrument readin
38、g as a function of some measurable property of the specific component(s) under investigation and obtained by the reference manual method (see ISO 11042-1) with all the interferences remaining constant 3.6.2 linear function calibration function wherein the instrument reading is linear with respect to
39、 the concentration of specific component(s) measured by the reference manual method (seeISO11042-1) 3.6.3 non-linear function calibration function wherein the instrument reading is not linear with respect to the concentration of specific component(s) measured by the reference manual method (seeISO11
40、042-1) NOTE 2Non-linearity may be expressed by higher order regression coefficients. 3.6.4 confidence interval interval with lower and upper limits within which the mean values of the regression line lie with a given level of confidence 3.6.5 tolerance interval interval with lower and upper limits w
41、ithin which is contained a specified percentage of the population with a given level of confidence 3.6.6 plausibility test test designed to compare the measured carbon content in the exhaust gas (from CO 2 , CO and UHCs) with the calculated carbon content for the gas turbine fuel, the acceptable dif
42、ference between these values being agreed between both partiesBSISO11042-2:1996 BSI 03-2000 3 Figure 1 Example of an extractive sampling and conditioning systemBSISO 11042-2:1996 4 BSI 03-2000 Figure 2 Example of a point non-extractive monitorBSISO11042-2:1996 BSI 03-2000 5 Figure 3 Example of a pat
43、h non-extractive monitorBSISO 11042-2:1996 6 BSI 03-2000 4 Symbols and abbreviations The symbols and abbreviations of ISO 11042-1:1996, clause 4, shall apply. 5 Monitoring programme 5.1 Monitoring system See Figure 4. Monitoring requires sampling and analyser systems, which continuously sense the ex
44、haust gas as well as status data of the gas turbine plant and produce signals for the electronic evaluation system. 5.2 Constituents to be measured The constituents to be mandatorily measured shall be agreed upon between the parties in accordance with local regulations. The following list of constit
45、uents may be monitored. Other constituents may be monitored by agreement, especially where fuels containing toxic components are utilized. NOTE 5It should be noted that CO 2 , CO and UHC measurements are required to determine, by calculation, the plant mass flow. This value may then be compared with
46、 the manufacturers design mass flow as a test for measurement plausibility. 5.3 Operating data to be recorded These data shall be recorded at the time of measurement of the constituents. 5.3.1 Ambient air conditions temperature; pressure; relative humidity. 5.3.2 Gas turbine/plant performance power
47、output; fuel consumption; exhaust gas mass flow, calculated or, if required, measured; exhaust gas temperature behind gas turbine and, where applicable, behind equipment for utilization of exhaust gas heat; quantity of water or steam injected into the working fluid, where applicable. Methods for the
48、 determination of the exhaust gas mass flow shall be agreed upon (see ISO 2314). 5.3.3 Status of operation start in progress; stop in progress; emission monitoring system in or not in operation or in calibration mode during operation of the plant; continuous sulfur removal not in operation for72 h,
49、if applicable; continuous sulfur removal not in operation for240h, if applicable; type of fuel in the case of dual fuel operation; status of bypass in the case of heat utilization; in the case of water or steam injection into the working fluid, the operational status of the injection system. Dust and smoke: measurement only required in case of potential presence. NOTE 3In general not required for operation on natural gas unless specifically agreed between both parties or where alternati
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