BS ISO 11416-1995 Tennis rackets - Racket components and physical parameters《网球拍 网球拍的元部件和物理参数》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 11416:1995 Implementation of ISO11416:1995 Tennis rackets Racket components and physical parametersBSISO11416:1995 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Consumer Products Services Sector Board,was published undertheauthority of the Standards Bo

2、ard and comesintoeffect on 15November1995 BSI 11-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference SW/14 Draft for comment 93/302626 DC ISBN 0 580 24879 8 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted

3、to Technical Committee SW/14, Gymnasium and sports equipment, upon which the following bodies were represented: All England Womens Hockey Association Association of County Councils British Amateur Gymnastics Association British Athletic Federation British Sports and Allied Industries Federation Cent

4、ral Council of Physical Recreation Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Department for Education English Basketball Association Home Office Institute of Trading Standards Administration Leeds Metropolitan University Office for Standards in Education(Offsted) Physical Education Association Sports Council

5、 Sports Hall and Fitness Equipment Association The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: Association of Consulting Scientists Lawn Tennis Association(LTA) Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO11416:1995 BSI

6、 11-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword iii Text of ISO 11416 1BSISO11416:1995 ii BSI 11-1999 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO11416:1995 and implements it as the UK national standard. This British Standard is pub

7、lished under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Board whose Technical Committee SW/14 has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international committee any enquiries on interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK inte

8、rests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. NOTEInternational and European Standards, as well as overseas standards, are available from Customer Services, BSI,389 Chiswick High Road, London W44AL. A British Standard does not purport to inclu

9、de all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi

10、 andii, theISO title page, pagesii to iv, pages 1 to6 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.ISO11416:1995 ii BSI 11-1999 Contents Page Foreword iii 1 Scop

11、e 1 2 Normative reference 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Laboratory measurement methods 3 5 Test report 3 6 Indication of technical data 4 Annex A (informative) Schematic examples for test methodsformeasuringthemoments of inertia 5 Annex B (informative) Conversion of grip size to inches 6 Figure 1 Diagram illu

12、strating the components of a tennis racket 2 Figure 2 Balance point (B) of a tennis racket 2 Figure 3 Prism used in the test device for measuring balance point 3 Figure A.1 Moment of inertia with respect to the y-axis 5 Figure A.2 Moment of inertia with respect to the z-axis 5 Table 1 4 Table 2 4ISO

13、11416:1995 BSI 11-1999 iii Foreword ISO(the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested i

14、n a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commis

15、sion (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least75% of the member bodies casting a vote. Internationa

16、l Standard ISO11416 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC83, Sports and recreational equipment, Subcommittee SC6, Rackets. Annex A and Annex B of this International Standard are for information only.iv blankISO11416:1995 BSI 11-1999 1 1 Scope This International Standard specifies components and

17、 physical parameters of tennis rackets and it defines the terminology used. It also specifies laboratory methods for measuring some specific parameters of tennis rackets and gives guidelines for the indication of these parameters. The specification of laboratory methods will permit the comparability

18、 of published measurements. This International Standard does not include the influence of these parameters on the quality of the tennis racket. NOTE 1For specific requirements of tennis rackets, refer to the “Rules of the International Tennis Federation(ITF)”. 2 Normative reference The following sta

19、ndard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to

20、investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO554:1976, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing Specifications. 3 Definitions The definitions of

21、terms used shall provide a basis for communication between manufacturers and retailers. These clarifications of terms will allow the consumers a better access to the product. For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 Racket components 3.1.1 tennis racket(h

22、ereafter referred to as “racket”) playing implement consisting of frame and strings and used with the intended purpose of striking a tennis ball and playing the game of tennis 3.1.2 racket frame(hereafter referred to as “frame”) racket without strings 3.1.3 raw frame drilled frame without all detach

23、able parts 3.1.4 strings part of the racket which comes into contact with the tennis ball 3.1.5 grip part of the racket where the player holds the racket 3.1.6 grip size, s circumference of the grip 3.1.7 shaft region of the frame between grip and heart 3.1.8 heart region of the frame between should

24、er and shaft NOTE 2The design of the heart can differ. 3.1.9 shoulder region of the frame between head and heart 3.1.10 head furthermost(distal) region from the grip which merges with the shoulder in points A and A seeFigure 1 3.1.11 string protection; head protection components situated on the oute

25、r side of the frame which should prevent frame and/or string from damage when in use 3.1.12 string area area which is limited by the inner boundaries of head, shoulder and heart NOTE 3For the tournament rules of the ITF, the dimensions of this area are limited to a maximum inner length of the string

26、 area of393,7mm(151/2in); a maximum inner width of the string area of292,1mm(111/2in). 3.2 Physical parameters 3.2.1 racket or frame length, L maximum overall length of the racket or frame seeFigure 2 NOTE 4According to the rules of the ITF, the maximum length shall be812,8mm(32in). 3.2.2 racket or

27、frame mass mass of the racket or frameISO11416:1995 2 BSI 11-1999 3.2.3 balance point, B the location of the centre of mass along the longitudinal axis of the racket or frame; the racket or frame balances when supported at this point seeFigure 2 3.2.4 balance length, L B distance of the balance poin

28、t B from the grip end seeFigure 2 3.2.5 Moments of inertia 3.2.5.1 moments of inertia with respect to z-axis or y-axis, I zI y moments of inertia of the racket or frame, in kilograms centimetre squared, resulting from rotations about the z-axis and y-axis respectively, with the point of rotation loc

29、ated100mm from the grip end seeFigure 1 3.2.5.2 moment of inertia with respect to x-axis, I x moment of inertia of the racket or frame, in kilograms centimetre squared, resulting from rotations about the x-axis seeFigure 1 Figure 1 Diagram illustrating the components of a tennis racket Figure 2 Bala

30、nce point(B) of a tennis racketISO11416:1995 BSI 11-1999 3 4 Laboratory measurement methods 4.1 General 4.1.1 Test sample All measurements shall be made on a finished racket or frame. 4.1.2 Conditioning of the test sample and test equipment The sample and all test equipment shall be conditioned for

31、at least2h at a temperature of23 C 2 C, prior to the measurements. 4.2 Grip size 4.2.1 Test devices Flexible steel tape, with a width of6mm and a maximum thickness of0,2mm, and device for measuring length with an accuracy of 0,5mm. 4.2.2 Procedure The flexible steel tape shall be wound around the gr

32、ip, between50mm and60mm from the grip end. The tape shall be marked with points to measure the circumference of the grip. After unwinding the tape, the distance between the marking points shall be measured. Alternatively, the tape may be graduated in millimetres and the circumference measured direct

33、ly. 4.3 String area 4.3.1 Test device Millimetre-squared paper. 4.3.2 Procedure The size of the string area shall be transferred to the millimetre-squared paper. The area indicated in this way on the paper shall be determined by counting squares. NOTE 5Alternative methods may be used if an accuracy

34、of 100mm 2is ensured. 4.4 Length of the racket or frame 4.4.1 Test device Device for measuring length with an accuracy of 1mm. 4.4.2 Procedure The length shall be determined by using a device according to4.4.1. 4.5 Mass of the racket or frame 4.5.1 Test device Scale with an accuracy of 1g. 4.5.2 Pro

35、cedure The mass shall be determined by using a scale according to4.5.1 4.6 Balance point, B(seeFigure 2) 4.6.1 Test device Prism according to Figure 3, and device for measuring length with an accuracy of1mm. 4.6.2 Procedure The location of the balance point shall be determined on a racket or frame.

36、4.7 Moments of inertia 4.7.1 Test device The test device shall have an accuracy of better than2%. 4.7.2 Moments of inertia with respect to, y-axis and z-axis An example is shown inA.1. 4.7.3 Moment of inertia with respect to x-axis An example is shown inA.2. 5 Test report The test report shall inclu

37、de at least the following information: a) reference to this International Standard; b) name of manufacturer/importer; c) brand name; d) model, type, year of issue; e) values of measured parameters on the racket or frame; f) any deviation from the specifications of this International Standard; g) nam

38、e and signature of the person responsible for the test, and date. Figure 3 Prism used in the test device for measuring balance pointISO11416:1995 4 BSI 11-1999 6 Indication of technical data 6.1 General If technical data are indicated, it shall be clear whether they refer to the racket or the frame.

39、 Technical data marked on the product shall be clearly visible. The expression of technical data in specifications, test reports or on the product shall comply with the following specifications. 6.2 Grip size The grip size shall be indicated in millimetres or by designation according to Table 1. The

40、 indicated values shall not deviate from the measured values by more than1%. Table 1 NOTE 6To convert the grip size to inches, seeAnnex B. 6.3 String area The string area may be indicated in square centimetres, or as the percentage x by which it exceeds a reference string area of440cm 2 , or by the

41、designation according to Table 2. The indicated value shall not deviate from the measured value by more than1%. Table 2 NOTE 7To convert to square inches, divide the value in square centimetres by6,45. 6.4 Length The length shall be indicated in millimetres. The indicated value shall not deviate fro

42、m the measured value by more than1mm. NOTE 8To convert to inches, divide the value in millimetres by25,4. 6.5 Mass The mass shall be indicated in grams. The indicated value shall not deviate from the measured value by more than1%. If the mass is indicated by a range of values, the measured value sha

43、ll lie within that range. The maximum range shall be 3% of the mean value of the two extremes. NOTE 9To convert to ounces, divide by28,35. 6.6 Balance length, L B The balance length(L B ) shall be indicated in millimetres. The indicated value shall not deviate from the measured value by more than1mm

44、. If the balance length is indicated by a range of values, the measured value shall lie within that range. The maximum range shall be3%of the mean value of the two extremes. Seenote7. 6.7 Moments of inertia The moments of inertia(I x , I yand I z ) shall be indicated in kilograms centimetre squared.

45、 The indicated values shall not deviate from the measured values by more than2%. If the moment of inertia is indicated by a range of values, the measured values shall lie within that range. The maximum range shall be 4% of the mean value of the two extremes. Designation Grip size, s mm 000 00 0 1 2

46、3 4 5 6 7 94su 97 97su 100 100su 103 103su 106 106su 110 110su 113 113su 116 116su 119 119su 122 122su 125 Designation Percentage, x % Area, A cm 2 Standard Mid size Super mid size Oversize 0 to17 18 to32 33 to47 greater than47 440Au 517 517Au 583 583Au 647 647AISO11416:1995 BSI 11-1999 5 Annex A (i

47、nformative) Schematic examples for test methods for measuring the moments of inertia A.1 Moments of inertia (I yand I z ) with respect to y-axis and z-axis The moments of inertia with respect to the y-axis and z-axis may be determined by allowing the racket or frame to pivot about a point100mm from

48、the end of the grip. SeeFigure A.1 andFigure A.2. In both cases, the time, in seconds, for10complete swings is measured to an accuracy of0,1s, from which the period for1 swing(T) is calculated. Calculate the moment of inertia(I yor I z ), using the formula Figure A.1 Moment of inertia with respect t

49、o the y-axis where m is the mass of the racket or frame; L O is the distance, in millimetres, from the centre of gravity of racket or frame to the pivot point(L O = L B 100); g is the acceleration due to gravity. Figure A.2 Moment of inertia with respect to the z-axis T 2 4; 2 -m L og ISO11416:1995 6 BSI 11-1999 A.2 Moment of inertia (I y ) with respect to x-axis The moment of inertia with respect to the x-axis may be determined by suspending the racket or frame from the handle end by a carrier and a length of si