BS ISO 11630-1998 Cranes - Measurement of wheel alignment《起重机 轮位对准测量》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 11630:1997 Cranes Measurement of wheel alignment ICS 53.020.20BSISO11630:1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comesintoeffect on 15 July 1998 BSI 05-1

2、999 ISBN 0 580 30121 4 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 11630:1997 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee MHE/3, Cranes and derricks, to Subcommittee MHE/3/11, Crane safety and testing

3、, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgat

4、e them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the sec

5、tion entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application

6、. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theISO title page, page ii, pages 1 to 8 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date

7、) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO11630:1997 BSI 05-1999 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references

8、 1 3 Measurement of the alignment of crane wheels in plan view 1 4 Determination of the alignment of crane wheels in elevation profile 2 5 Determination of vertical deviations of crane wheels from the horizontal 3 Annex A (informative) Bibliography 8 Figure 1 4 Figure 2 5 Figure 3 6 Figure 4 7 Table

9、 1 Position of crane wheels in plan view 2 Table 2 Position of crane wheels in elevation profile 3 Table 3 Vertical distances from the raised wheels of the crane to the rail 3ii blankBSISO11630:1997 ii BSI 05-1999 Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide feder

10、ation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that commit

11、tee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the tec

12、hnical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO11630 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC96, Cranes, Subcommittee SC4, Test methods. Annex

13、 A of this International Standard is for information only.BSISO11630:1997 BSI 05-1999 1 1 Scope This International Standard establishes requirements for methods of measuring the alignment of crane wheels in accordance with ISO4310, ISO9373 and ISO12488-1. The procedures given are based on the use of

14、 optical methods for measurement, however this International Standard permits the use of other methods which ensure at least an equivalent accuracy of measurements. This International Standard applies to measurements on four-wheel cranes which move on rails (except railway cranes). NOTEProcedures fo

15、r measurements on cranes with more than four wheels are intended for the next edition of this International Standard. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions, which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publica

16、tion, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreement based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers

17、 of currently valid International Standards. ISO 4310:1981, Cranes Test code and procedures. ISO 9373:1989, Cranes and related equipment Accuracy requirements for measuring parameters during testing. 3 Measurement of the alignment of crane wheels in plan view The measurement of the alignment of whee

18、ls on cranes should proceed by the following steps: a) select the baseline for the coordinate system; b) establish the geodetic rectangle; c) measure distances from the sides of the geodetic rectangle to the wheels; d) calculate actual deviations of the wheels in plane from the design position. Meas

19、urements shall be made in accordance with ISO4310 and ISO9373. See also ISO12488-1. 3.1 Selection of baseline for the coordinate system To simplify the calculation of deviations, it is necessary to assume a base coordinate system and take measurements in reference to it. 3.1.1 From two select points

20、 on the external surface of the crane end-carriage, erect perpendiculars as shown inFigure 1. 3.1.2 On the perpendicular thus erected from the crane end-carriage, measure off segments Y 0of equal length. The theodolite should be positioned so that the direction of the collimating ray passes through

21、the ends of the segments Y 0 . 3.1.3 Taking the location of the theodolite as point O and arbitrary point of the theodolite collimating ray outside the crane as point R, then O and R will identify the direction of the x axis and serve as a base to establish the geodetic rectangle (seeFigure 1). 3.2

22、Establishing the geodetic rectangle 3.2.1 Based on the points O and R, the geodetic rectangle OPQR is established using the theodolite. The error in laying out corners of the rectangle should not exceed6seconds of arc. Identify the vertices P and Q by corresponding points as shown inFigure 2. 3.2.2

23、Measure distances OP, QR, PQ and OR. Differences in the dimensions (OP-QR) and (PQ-OR) shall not exceed a) for cranes with span S # 10m:2mm; b) for cranes with span S 10m: 2+0,1 (S10)mm. 3.3 Measurement of distances from the sides of the geodetic rectangle to the crane wheels 3.3.1 Establish referen

24、ces points corresponding to the crane wheels (seeFigure 2) and measure distances on the sides OR and PQ of the geodetic rectangle from points O, P, Q and R to the reference points, distances X O , X P , X Qand X R . Record the measurements inTable 1. 3.3.2 Measure distances Y O1 , Y O2 , Y P1 , Y P2

25、 , Y Q1 , Y Q2 , Y R1 , Y R2 , D OH , D PH , D QHand D RHfrom each crane wheel as shown inFigure 2. Record the measurements inTable 1.BSISO11630:1997 2 BSI 05-1999 Table 1 Position of crane wheels in plan view 3.4 Calculation of actual deviations of crane wheels in plan view 3.4.1 Using the data inT

26、able 1, calculate the angle of deviation (in radians or per thousand) of crane wheels in plan using the equations: where 3.4.2 Using the data fromTable 1 and the crane base length B (seeFigure 4) given in the crane specification, calculate deviations of the crane base, for each side of the crane fro

27、m the equations: 3.4.3 Using the data fromTable 1, calculate the misalignment of the crane wheel planes in plan view from the equations: 3.4.4 Using the data fromTable 1, the length of the crane span S and the crane wheel tread width S wgiven in the crane specification, calculate deviations of the s

28、pan %S for each pair of crane wheels 3.4.5 Using the data fromTable 1, calculate the misalignment %N in plan view for a pair of crane wheels %N OP= X O X P %N QR= X Q X R 4 Determination of the alignment of crane wheels in elevation profile 4.1 General For measurements required to calculate the devi

29、ations of crane wheels in elevation profile, use the geodetic rectangle established according to the procedures given in3.1 and 3.2. Then, proceed with the following steps to determine the deviations of crane wheels in elevation profile: a) measure distances from the sides of the geodetic rectangle

30、to the crane wheels; b) calculate the actual deviations of crane wheels from the vertical. 4.2 Measurement of distances from the sides of the geodetic rectangle to crane wheels Measure distances T O1 , T O2 , T P1 , T P2 , T Q1 , T Q2 , T R1 , T R2 , D OV , D RV , D PVand D QVfrom each crane wheel a

31、s shown inFigure 3. Record the measurements inTable 2. Dimensions in millimetres Geodetic rectangle side dimension x-axis distance to wheels y-axis distance to wheels Reference dimension a OP PQ QR OR X O X P X Q X R Y O1 Y O2 Y P1 Y P2 Y Q1 Y Q2 Y R1 Y R2 D OH D PH D QH D RH a D OH , D RH , D PHand

32、 D QHshall be as large as practical.BSISO11630:1997 BSI 05-1999 3 Table 2 Position of crane wheels in elevation profile 4.3 Calculation of actual deviations of crane wheels from the vertical in elevation profile Using the data fromTable 2, calculate the angles of deviations (in radians or per thousa

33、nd) of the crane wheels from the vertical in elevation profile using the equations: 5 Determination of vertical deviations of crane wheels from the horizontal 5.1 General Before taking measurements, the crane should be positioned on a specially aligned section of the crane rails whose length is not

34、less than that of the crane base and along which the difference in rail height does not exceed 1mm. In order to determine the vertical deviations of the crane wheels, proceed as follows: a) raise one side of the crane; b) measure perpendicular distances from the raised wheels to the rail; c) repeat

35、the procedure for other side of the crane; d) calculate the actual vertical deviations of the crane wheels from the horizontal. 5.2 Procedure to raise one side of the crane Raise one side of the crane as shown inFigure 4 so that both wheels on that side are clear of the rail. 5.3 Measurement of dist

36、ances from the raised wheels to the rail The measuring instrument error shall not exceed0,1 mm. Measure the perpendicular distances Z Oand Z Rfrom the rail to the bottom of the respective wheels, as shown inFigure 4. After taking measurements, lower the raised side of the crane to its initial positi

37、on and repeat the procedure for the other side of the crane to determine Z Pand Z Q . Record the measurements inTable 3. Table 3 Vertical distances from the raised wheels of the crane to the rail 5.4 Calculation of vertical deviations of the crane wheels from the horizontal position Using the data f

38、romTable 3, calculate the deviations of the crane wheels from the horizontal position %h for each side of the crane %h R1= Z O Z R %h R2= Z P Z Q Dimensions in millimetres T O1 T O2 T P1 T P2 T Q1 T Q2 T R1 T R2 D OV D RV D PV D QV Dimensions in millimetres Z O Z P Z Q Z RBSISO11630:1997 4 BSI 05-19

39、99 Figure 1 BSISO11630:1997 BSI 05-1999 5 Figure 2 BSISO11630:1997 6 BSI 05-1999 Figure 3 BSISO11630:1997 BSI 05-1999 7 Figure 4 BSISO11630:1997 8 BSI 05-1999 Annex A (informative) Bibliography 1 ISO 12488-1:, Cranes Tolerances for cranes and tracks Travel and transverse Part1:General 1) . 1) To be

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