BS ISO 13031-2016 Earth-moving machinery Quick couplers Safety《土方机械 快速接头 安全性》.pdf

1、BS ISO 13031:2016Earth-moving machinery Quick couplers SafetyBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 13031:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 13031:2016.The UK participation in its preparation wa

2、s entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/513/1, Earth moving machinery (International).A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its cor

3、rectapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 90412 7ICS 53.100Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy C

4、ommittee on 31 May 2016.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 13031:2016 ISO 2016Earth-moving machinery Quick couplers SafetyEngins de terrassement Attaches rapides ScuritINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO13031First edition2016-05-01Reference numberISO 13031:2016(E)BS ISO 13031:2016ISO

5、13031:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopyin

6、g, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11

7、Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 13031:2016ISO 13031:2016(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Safety requirements and protective measures . 54.1 Quick coupler . 54.1.1 General 54.1.2 Engagement system 64.1.3 Locking system 6

8、4.2 Object handling . 74.3 Controls . 74.3.1 General requirements 74.3.2 Separate control . 74.3.3 Integrated controls. 84.4 Electrical circuits 104.4.1 Over-current protective devices 104.5 Pressurized systems 105 Information for use .105.1 Safety labels 105.2 Instructions and information for use .

9、 105.2.1 Operators manual .105.2.2 Installation manual .115.3 Quick coupler marking 11Bibliography .12 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 13031:2016ISO 13031:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodie

10、s (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,

11、 governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further ma

12、intenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).At

13、tention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduct

14、ion and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to confor

15、mity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery, Subcommittee SC 2, Safety, ergonom

16、ics and general requirements.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 13031:2016ISO 13031:2016(E)IntroductionThis International Standard specifies design criteria for quick couplers related to assisting the operator in ensuring that an attachment is located in the right position on the quick coupler an

17、d that the engagement system is fully activated. While preparing this International Standard, it was considered to what extent the state of the art allowed the further reduction of risks related to incomplete engagement procedures. In particular, it was considered carefully whether the use of sensor

18、s and associated control systems could be normatively required in order to ensure that those procedures were correctly completed. It was determined that the current state of the art did not allow such a requirement to be made. However, due to the continuing development of technology, this possibilit

19、y will be reviewed by ISO/TC 127 periodically so that a revision to this International Standard can be initiated at the appropriate time. Nothing in this International Standard is to be taken as discouraging the development of new technologies and new technical measures to reduce or remove risk.This

20、 International Standard is a type C standard as defined in ISO 12100.The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are covered are indicated in the scope of this International Standard.When requirements of this type-C standard are different from th

21、ose which are stated in type-A or type-B standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type-C standard. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 13031:201

22、6BS ISO 13031:2016Earth-moving machinery Quick couplers Safety1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies safety requirements for quick couplers used on earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in th

23、is document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 6165, Earth-moving machinery Basic types Identification and terms and definitionsI

24、SO 6750, Earth-moving machinery Operators manual Content and formatISO 9244, Earth-moving machinery Machine safety labels General principlesISO 12100, Safety of machinery General principles for design Risk assessment and risk reductionISO 20474-1:2008, Earth-moving machinery Safety Part 1: General r

25、equirements3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1quick couplerdevice mounted on an earth-moving machine to allow the quick interchange of attachmentsNote 1 to entry: Quick couplers are also commonly referred to under many different nam

26、es, including “quick hitch” and “attachment bracket”. For the purposes of this International Standard, only the term “quick coupler” is used.3.1.1powered quick couplerquick coupler (3.1) where the movement of at least one part of the engagement and locking system (3.5) is actuated by a power sourceE

27、XAMPLE A hydraulic system or an electric motor.3.1.2manual quick couplerquick coupler (3.1) where the movement of the engagement and locking systems (3.5) is actuated by human effort at the quick coupler itselfNote 1 to entry: Locking can be automatic as part of the manual process of engagement.3.1.

28、3mixed quick couplerquick coupler (3.1) where engagement and locking are carried out from the operators station but disengagement is carried out by human effort at the quick coupler itselfINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13031:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 13031:2016ISO 13031:2016(E)3.2enga

29、gement systemmechanical system of the quick coupler (3.1) which engages with the attachment and retains the attachment in its working position (3.4)3.2.1form-locked engagement systemengagement system (3.2) which retains the attachment in the normal working position (3.4) by a system of at least two

30、components that engage each other perpendicular to the working forces (3.3.1) such that the working forces do not tend to cause disengagementEXAMPLE Pin in shear (see Figure 1).AAAA12Key1 engagement system in engaged position2 engagement system in disengaged positionFigure 1 Example of form-locked e

31、ngagement system3.2.2force-locked engagement systemengagement system (3.2) whereby continued engagement is dependent on the continuous application of the engagement force (3.3.2) as the working forces (3.3.1) act in a direction to cause disengagementNote 1 to entry: See Figure 2 for an example.2 ISO

32、 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 13031:2016ISO 13031:2016(E)12Key1 engagement system2 engagement force deviceFigure 2 Example of force-locked engagement system3.2.3friction systemengagement system (3.2) whereby engagement is dependent on a force generated only by frictionNote 1 to entry: Friction eng

33、agement systems are not permitted see 4.1.2 b).Note 2 to entry: See Figure 3 for an example.12Key1 engagement system2 engagement force deviceFigure 3 Example of friction engagement system3.2.4wedge-type engagement systemengagement system (3.2) of at least two interconnecting parts which engage with

34、one another in a wedge action whereby the combination of the wedge angle and the friction coefficient counteract the tendency of the working forces (3.3.1) to cause disengagementNote 1 to entry: See Figures 4 and 5. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 13031:2016ISO 13031:2016(E)12Key1 engagement sy

35、stem (wedge)2 engagement force deviceFigure 4 Example of wedge-type engagement system12Key1 engagement system (wedge)2 engagement force deviceFigure 5 Example of wedge-type engagement system on a loader3.3 Forces3.3.1working forcesforces created by the working operations of the machine and attachmen

36、ts that act upon the quick coupler (3.1) during intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse3.3.2engagement forceforce that moves the engagement system (3.2) to the engaged position and, if the design requires, retains it in that positionNote 1 to entry: The engagement force can also be used for r

37、etention if the working force or additional forces (e.g. gravity) create a force tending to disengage the attachment (i.e. force-locked engagement systems, wedge-type engagement systems).4 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 13031:2016ISO 13031:2016(E)3.4working positionposition on the quick coupler

38、(3.1) in which the attachment is able to perform its intended function3.5locking systemsystem that ensures that the attachment is retained in its working position (3.4) if the engagement force (3.3.2) is lost, reduced or removed3.6 Controls3.6.1separate controlcontrol solely dedicated to the quick c

39、oupler (3.1) which is not integrated into, or mounted onto, any other machine control, and does not have any other functionNote 1 to entry: A switch mounted on a control joystick is not considered to be a separate control.Note 2 to entry: A separate switch can be integrated into an instrument cluste

40、r or control panel.3.6.2integrated controlcontrol used to engage or disengage the quick coupler (3.1) which is integrated into, or mounted onto, any other machine control, or a control which also has another functionEXAMPLE Switch on a joystick control, joystick used also for work equipment control.

41、3.6.3initiating controlcontrol that enables a disengagement control (3.6.4) to function3.6.4disengagement controlcontrol which connects the disengagement actuator to its power supplyNote 1 to entry: In a system with integrated controls, the disengagement control is enabled by the initiating control.

42、3.6.5hold-to-runtype of control device which initiates and maintains quick coupler (3.1) functions only as long as the manual control is actuatedSOURCE: ISO 12100:2010, 3.28.3 Modified4 Safety requirements and protective measures4.1 Quick coupler4.1.1 GeneralQuick couplers shall comply with the requ

43、irements of this clause. In addition, they shall be designed according to the principles of ISO 12100 for relevant hazards which are not dealt with by this International Standard.Quick couplers shall have an engagement system and a locking system that meet the requirements of 4.1.2 and 4.1.3, respec

44、tively.NOTE The process of coupling consists of several steps such as picking up, locating, engagement and locking. Depending on the design, some of these steps might be combined. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 13031:2016ISO 13031:2016(E)The design of quick couplers shall ensure that the attac

45、hment is retained in the working position even when the machine is switched off or being transported. Small displacements between the attachment and the engagement system are acceptable provided that the movement is not so large as to create a hazard.4.1.2 Engagement systemThe engagement system shal

46、l meet the following requirements.a) The engagement system shall be able to withstand the working forces applied to the attachment and hold the attachment in the working position.b) Typical engagement systems are form-locked system, force-locked system or wedge-type system, or combinations of these

47、styles. Where the engagement system is a combination of these styles, then the most appropriate requirement specified in 4.1.2 and 4.1.3 shall be applied. The engagement system shall not be a friction system.c) It shall be possible to verify (e.g. by sensing, visual indication, visual check during t

48、esting), from the location where the engagement system is operated (e.g. the operators station), that the engagement system is fully engaged with the attachment in its working position. If necessary, any combination of sensing, visual indication or testing may be used to ensure that the attachment i

49、s fully engaged. Testing by machine operation (e.g. by the application of working forces to the attachment) as the sole means of verification is not acceptable.d) Wedge-type systems and force-locked systems shall provide a continuous engagement force (e.g. hydraulic pressure, spring force) during the working operation to hold the attachment in the working position.e) Manual and mixed quick couplers shall be designed such that disengagement can only be carried out at the quick coupler itself.f) For