1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 13284:2003 Fork-lift trucks Fork-arm extensions and telescopic fork arms Technical characteristics and strength requirements ICS 53.060 BS ISO 13284:2003 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 5 June 2003 BSI
2、5 June 2003 ISBN 0 580 41969 X National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 13284:2003 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MHE/7, Industrial trucks, which has the responsibility to: A list of o
3、rganizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence
4、Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself
5、confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and prom
6、ulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments iss
7、ued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsANRETNILANOIT TSNADDRA OSI 48231 iFtsr deoitin 23001-20-5 Reference number ISO 13284:2003(E) Fork-lift trucks Fork-arm extensions and telescopic fork arms Technical characteristics and strength requirements Chariots lvateurs fourche Extensions de bras de f
8、ourche et bras de fourche tlescopiques Caractristiques techniques et prescriptions de rsistanceINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13284 First edition 2003-02-15 Refecnern emureb OSI 23148002:)E(3 oFfil-krurt tcsk oF-krae mrxteisnsno dna eletpocsf ciosmra kr Tcehlacin chna scitsiretcaragnerts dht rqeumeristn
9、e ahCroi stlvtarues f ruoceh Exetsnoisn b edrsa f eduorehc te rbsa ed fruoct ehelcspouqies aCractrsiiteuqs cetinheuqe st rpsecrpinoits ed ristsanceBSISO13284:2003ISO :48231(3002)E ii BSISO13284:2003ISO 82313002:4)E(iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
10、federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that c
11、ommittee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in acco
12、rdance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention
13、is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO13284 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC110, Industrial trucks,
14、 Subcommittee SC 2, Safety of powered industrial trucks. BSISO13284:2003ISO :48231(3002)E iv Introduction This International Standard was developed in response to worldwide demand for specifications for fork-arm extensions and telescopic fork arms. Fork-arm extensions are used as an economic means o
15、f extending the effective blade length of fork arms on fork-lift trucks. They are available with either a closed rectangular cross-section or an open inverted-channel cross-section. Where possible, preference should be given to using a longer fork rather than an extension. If extensions have to be u
16、sed, preference should be given to the closed cross-section rather than an open type of extension. Telescopic fork arms replace standard fork arms and provide the truck operator with the means of adjusting the fork- arm blade length. They are available either as simple variable-length fork arms for
17、handling loads of varying dimensions or, alternatively, for reaching out or retracting palletized loads in double-deep stacking and destacking operations. BSISO13284:2003ANRETNIITOTS LANDNADRA ISO 82313002:4)E(1 Fork-lift trucks Fork-arm extensions and telescopic fork arms Technical characteristics
18、and strength requirements 1 Scope This International Standard specifies technical characteristics and strength requirements for fork-arm extensions and telescopic fork arms for fork-lift trucks. It applies to fork-arm extensions and telescopic fork arms designed for use on stacking lift trucks, as d
19、efined in ISO 5053, having fork-arm carriers and, in the case of fork-arm extensions, hook-on fork arms conforming to ISO 2330. This International Standard does not apply to integral transverse telescopic fork devices or scissor-action reach devices. 2 Normative references The following normative do
20、cuments contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are enc
21、ouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO
22、2330:2002, Fork-lift trucks Fork arms Technical characteristics and testing ISO 3691, Powered industrial trucks Safety code ISO 5053, Powered industrial trucks Ter minology 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 parent
23、fork arm fork arm having the rated capacity at the rated load centre distance, blade length and blade cross-section for which a fork-arm extension is specifically designed 3.2 test loadand applied load for verifying the strength of fork-arm extension and telescopic fork arms by physical testing or c
24、alculation 4S y m b o l s Fork arm blade width ( ) Rated capacity of each parent fork arm ( ) Rated capacity of each fork-arm extension ( ) F EX F T b mm C kg C E kg BSISO13284:2003ISO :48231(3002)E 2 Rated capacity of each retracted telescopic fork arm ( ) Rated load centre distance of each parent
25、fork arm ( ) Rated load centre distance of each fork-arm extension ( ) Rated load centre distance of each retracted telescopic fork arm ( ) Test/design load for open- and closed-section extensions Test/design load for telescopic fork arms Blade length of the parent fork arm or of the fully retracted
26、 telescopic arm ( ) Blade length of the fork-arm extension or of the fully extended telescopic arm ( )() Stress modulator Safety factor Total lateral clearance between the parent fork and the fork-arm extension ( ) Actual material yield of extension material Minimum specified material yield of exten
27、sion material Section modulus of the extension of the fork-arm tip 5 Requirements for rated capacity and rated load centre distance 5.1 The rated capacity ( ) and rated load centre distance ( ) for the parent fork arm shall comply with ISO 3691. For rated capacities of and above, the rated load cent
28、re distance shall be as specified in ISO 3691. 5.2 The rated capacity ( ) and rated load centre distance ( ) for each fork-arm extension shall be proportional to the rated capacity ( ) and rated load centre distance ( ) for the parent fork arm, i.e: 5.3 The rated capacity ( ) and rated load centre d
29、istance ( ) for each telescopic fork arm shall both be as specified in ISO 3691, in kilograms and millimetres respectively, when the telescopic fork arm is in the fully retracted mode. In extended mode, the rated capacity should be specified by the manufacturer. 6 Requirements for fork-arm extension
30、s 6.1 Unless otherwise agreed, the blade length of the parent fork arm for open-section and closed-section fork-arm extensions shall conform to the following formulae: where is the blade length of the fork-arm extension. C R kg D mm D E mm D R mm F Ex F T l mm l 1 mm l 2 = 0,9l 1 l mm M R S mm Y a Y
31、 m Z CD 5 500 kg C E D E CD C E C D D E C R D R l l 750 mm l 0,6l 1 l 1 BSISO13284:2003ISO 82313002:4)E(3 Extensions beyond this limit shall be agreed between the truck or fork-arm manufacturer and the user, and be subjected to hazard analysis. Such fork-arm extensions shall be marked accordingly (s
32、ee 9.1). 6.2 Fork-arm extensions shall be designed to prevent accidental disengagement from the parent fork arm. 6.3 The yield strength of fork-arm extensions shall be tested using a safety factor as specified in 6.1 of ISO 2330:2002. 6.4 For open-section and closed-section fork-arm extensions, a te
33、st/design load shall be applied two times as shown in Figure 1. The extension shall show zero permanent deflection after applying the appropriate yield-test load ( ) a second time at the distance from the tip of the parent fork arm. See clause 8. To determine the actual yield point, a preliminary te
34、st shall be conducted. where is the actual material yield; is the minimum material yield; is the safety factor, in this case . Prior to testing the extensions, an equivalent sample shall be tensile-tested. The resulting yield value shall be compared to the minimum yield specified for the material us
35、ed. This factor shall be used to increase the test load to ensure that a minimum-yield material will provide the safety factor . Figure 1 Test/design load (applied twice) for open-section and closed-section fork-arm extensions R 0,5F Ex 0,5F Ex l 2 F Ex = RC D 0,5l 1 Y a Y m Y a Y m R 3 R BSISO13284
36、:2003ISO :48231(3002)E 4 The design of the fork-arm extension shall be based on the extensions ability to withstand the load over the distance of . From this, the stress shall be calculated from the formula: where is the stress; is the section modulus of the extension at the fork tip; is a stress mo
37、dulator which is and usually between 0,4 and 0,8, depending upon the material thickness and the design parameters. NOTE 1 The modulator is required due to the buckling which promotes stresses higher than calculated using the standard formulae. The value of the modulator can be determined by comparin
38、g the actual load required to promote yielding to the theoretical load. NOTE 2 The yield point is that point at which bending accelerates. This usually occurs after the tip shows a permanent deformation of approximately over a length of . The extension will show various levels of minor permanent set
39、 throughout the test where the load is applied by a series of increments. 6.5 For open-section fork-arm extensions, the strength of the retaining system specified in 6.2 shall sustain the test/design load shown in Figure 2. The extension-retaining device shall also limit the vertical movement of the
40、 fork-arm extension, at the heel end, to , and shall show no permanent deformation. Open-section extensions shall not be used for load only at the tip. 6.6 Lateral clearance between the fork-arm extensions and parent fork arms shall satisfy the following requirement. The total lateral clearance shal
41、l not exceed 0,1 times the blade width , and shall be not less than . This is shown in Figure 3 a) and b). Figure 2 Test/design load for open-section fork arms 0,5F Ex l 2 = 0,5F Ex l 2 Z M Z M 1 6 mm 1 200 mm 50 kg 0,5F Ex 20 mm Sb 10 mm BSISO13284:2003ISO 82313002:4)E(5 7 Requirements for telescop
42、ic fork arms 7.1 The strength of telescopic fork arms in the retracted position, using a safety factor of , shall satisfy the requirements of 6.3. The strength of the extended portion of telescopic fork arms, in the extended position, shall satisfy the requirements of 6.3. 7.2 For telescopic fork ar
43、ms in the fully retracted mode, the test/design load shall be applied as shown in Figure 4, for which: 7.3 For telescopic arms in the fully extended mode, the test/design load shall be applied as shown in Figure 5, for which: where is normally ; is the actual average yield of material; is the minimu
44、m specified yield of material; is the safety factor, in this case . If the yield factor is not calculated, then a higher safety factor of 1,8 shall be applied. This accentuates the normal maximum difference between actual and minimum yields. NOTE For theoretical purposes, a value of may be determine
45、d by experimentation. 8T e s t i n g 8.1 General The strength requirements of clauses 6 and 7 shall be verified either by calculation, to show that load does not produce stresses in excess of the yield stress of the component parts, or by physical testing. In the latter case, the procedure indicated
46、 in 7.1 shall be followed and the requirements of 7.2 satisfied. a) Open section b) Closed section Figure 3 Fork-arm extensions R 3 F T F T =RC R F T F T = RC R D R 0,9l 1 Y a Y m D R 0,5l Y a Y m RR 3 M F T BSISO13284:2003ISO :48231(3002)E 6 Calculated values shall be based on parameters defined by
47、 sufficient testing to establish the revised point values. 8.2 Procedure Fit the fork-arm extension to the parent fork arm having a blade length complying with the minimum permitted in 6.1. The parent fork arm shall be restrained in a manner identical to that when used on a fork-lift truck. Similarl
48、y, the telescopic fork arm shall be restrained in a manner identical to that when used on a fork-lift truck. In both instances, apply the appropriate test load twice at the specified distance from the fork shank, gradually and without shock, and maintain it for each time. Figure 4 Test/design load f
49、or telescopic fork arms in the fully retracted mode Figure 5 Test/design load for telescopic fork arms in the fully extended mode 30 s BSISO13284:2003ISO 82313002:4)E(7 8.3 Results Datum readings shall be taken on the top surface of the extension blade tip or telescopic blade tip before and after the second test. The application of the first test load will eliminate the effect of initial permanent deflection resul
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