1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 13373-2:2016Condition monitoring anddiagnostics of machines Vibration condition monitoringPart 2: Processing, analysis and presentationof vibration dataBS ISO 13373-2:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 13373-2:2
2、016. It supersedes BS ISO 13373-2:2005 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee GME/21/5, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring - Vibration of machines.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on reque
3、st to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 89172 4 ICS 17.160 Compliance with a British St
4、andard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 February 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 13373-2:2016 ISO 2016Condition monitoring a
5、nd diagnostics of machines Vibration condition monitoring Part 2: Processing, analysis and presentation of vibration dataSurveillance et diagnostic dtat des machines Surveillance des vibrations Partie 2: Traitement, analyse et prsentation des donnes vibratoiresINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO13373-2Second
6、edition2016-01-15Reference numberISO 13373-2:2016(E)BS ISO 13373-2:2016ISO 13373-2:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise
7、 in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de
8、 Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 13373-2:2016ISO 13373-2:2016(E)Foreword vIntroduction vi1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Signal conditioning 13.1 General . 13.2 Analogue and digital systems . 33.2.
9、1 General 33.2.2 Digitizing techniques 43.3 Signal conditioners 43.3.1 General 43.3.2 Integration and differentiation 43.3.3 Root-mean-square vibration value 53.3.4 Dynamic range . 63.3.5 Calibration . 63.4 Filtering . 74 Data processing and analysis 74.1 General . 74.2 Time domain analysis . 84.2.1
10、 Time wave forms 84.2.2 Beating 94.2.3 Modulation . 104.2.4 Envelope analysis .114.2.5 Monitoring of narrowband frequency spectrum envelope 114.2.6 Shaft orbit . 124.2.7 d.c. shaft position 124.2.8 Transient vibration .124.2.9 Impulse 134.2.10 Damping . 144.2.11 Time domain averaging 164.3 Frequency
11、 domain analysis . 174.3.1 General. 174.3.2 Fourier transform 174.3.3 Leakage and windowing . 184.3.4 Frequency resolution 194.3.5 Record length .194.3.6 Amplitude modulation (sidebands) .194.3.7 Aliasing 214.3.8 Synchronous sampling .224.3.9 Spectrum averaging 234.3.10 Logarithmic plots (with dB re
12、ferences) 234.3.11 Zoom analysis 244.3.12 Differentiation and integration 244.4 Display of results during operational changes .254.4.1 Amplitude and phase (Bode plot) 254.4.2 Polar diagram (Nyquist diagram) 264.4.3 Cascade (waterfall) diagram . 274.4.4 Campbell diagram 294.5 Realtime analysis and re
13、altime bandwidth . 304.6 Order tracking (analogue and digital) . 314.7 Octave and fractionaloctave analysis 314.8 Cepstrum analysis . 31 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 13373-2:2016ISO 13373-2:2016(E)5 Other techniques .32Bibliography .34iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 1337
14、3-2:2016ISO 13373-2:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested
15、in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commi
16、ssion (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents sh
17、ould be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for i
18、dentifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the conv
19、enience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword
20、 Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring, Subcommittee SC 2, Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration and shock as applied to machines, vehicles and structures.This second edition cancels and r
21、eplaces the first edition (ISO 13373-2:2005), which has been editorially revised.ISO 13373 consists of the following parts, under the general title Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Vibration condition monitoring: Part 1: General procedures Part 2: Processing, analysis and presentatio
22、n of vibration data Part 3: Guidelines for vibration diagnosis Part 9: Diagnostic techniques for electric motors ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 13373-2:2016ISO 13373-2:2016(E)IntroductionThe purpose of this part of ISO 13373, which covers the area of vibration condition monitoring of machines,
23、 is to provide recommended methods and procedures for processing signals and analyzing data obtained from vibration transducers attached to a machine at selected locations for the purpose of monitoring the dynamic behaviour of a machine.Broadband vibration measurements provide an overview of the sev
24、erity of machine vibration that can be observed and trended to alert machine users when an abnormal condition exists with a machine. Processing and analyzing these vibration signals further in accordance with the procedures specified in this part of ISO 13373 gives the user an insight into ways of d
25、iagnosing the possible cause or causes of the machinery problems, which allows for more focused continued condition monitoring.The advantages of such a monitoring programme are that machinery operators will not only be made aware that a machine can fail at a certain time, and that maintenance needs
26、to be planned prior to the failure, but that it will provide valuable information regarding what maintenance needs to be planned and performed. The vibrations are manifestations or symptoms of problems such as misalignment, unbalance, accelerated wear, flow and lubrication problems.ISO 13373-1 conta
27、ins guidelines for vibration condition monitoring of machines. This part of ISO 13373, however, contains guidelines for the processing, analysis and presentation of the vibration data thus obtained, and that can be used for diagnostics to determine the nature or root causes of problems.The signal pr
28、ocessing, analysis and diagnostic procedures applied to vibration condition monitoring can vary depending on the processes to be monitored, degree of accuracy desired, resources available, etc. A well-conceived and implemented condition monitoring programme will include consideration of many factors
29、, such as process priority, criticality and complexity of the system, costeffectiveness, probability of various failure mechanisms and identification of incipient failure indicators.An appropriate process analysis needs to dictate the types of data desired to monitor the machinery condition suitably
30、.The vibration analyst needs to accumulate as much pertinent information as possible about the machine to be monitored. For example, knowing the vibration resonance frequencies and the excitation frequencies from design and analytical information will provide an insight regarding the vibration frequ
31、encies anticipated and, consequently, the frequency range that is to be monitored. Also, knowing the machines initial condition, the machines operational history, and its operating conditions provides additional information for the analyst.Other advantages to this pretest planning process are that i
32、t provides guidance as to what types of transducers are necessary, where they need to be optimally located, what kind of signal conditioning equipment is required, what type of analysis would be most appropriate, and what are the relevant criteria.Further standards on the subject of machinery condit
33、ion monitoring and diagnostics are in preparation. These are intended to provide guidance on the overall monitoring of the “health” of machines, including factors such as vibration, oil purity, thermography and performance. Basic techniques for diagnosis are described in ISO 13373-3.vi ISO 2016 All
34、rights reservedBS ISO 13373-2:2016Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Vibration condition monitoring Part 2: Processing, analysis and presentation of vibration data1 ScopeThis part of ISO 13373 recommends procedures for processing and presenting vibration data and analyzing vibration si
35、gnatures for the purpose of monitoring the vibration condition of rotating machinery, and performing diagnostics as appropriate. Different techniques are described for different applications. Signal enhancement techniques and analysis methods used for the investigation of particular machine dynamic
36、phenomena are included. Many of these techniques can be applied to other machine types, including reciprocating machines. Example formats for the parameters that are commonly plotted for evaluation and diagnostic purposes are also given.This part of ISO 13373 is divided essentially into two basic ap
37、proaches when analysing vibration signals: the time domain and the frequency domain. Some approaches to the refinement of diagnostic results, by changing the operational conditions, are also covered.This part of ISO 13373 includes only the most commonly used techniques for the vibration condition mo
38、nitoring, analysis and diagnostics of machines. There are many other techniques used to determine the behaviour of machines that apply to more indepth vibration analysis and diagnostic investigations beyond the normal followon to machinery condition monitoring. A detailed description of these techni
39、ques is beyond the scope of this part of ISO 13373, but some of these more advanced special purpose techniques are listed in Clause 5 for additional information.For specific machine types and sizes, the ISO 7919 and ISO 10816 series provide guidance for the application of broadband vibration magnitu
40、des for condition monitoring, and other documents such as VDI 3839 provide additional information about machineryspecific problems that can be detected when conducting vibration diagnostics.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this documen
41、t and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 1683, Acoustics Preferred reference values for acoustical and vibratory levels3 Signal condi
42、tioning3.1 GeneralVirtually, all vibration measurements are obtained using a transducer that produces an analogue electrical signal that is proportional to the instantaneous value of the vibratory acceleration, velocity or displacement. This signal can be recorded on a dynamic system analyzer, inves
43、tigated for later analysis or displayed, for example, on an oscilloscope. To obtain the actual vibration magnitudes, the output voltage is multiplied by a calibration factor that accounts for the transducer sensitivity and the amplifier and recorder gains. Most vibration analysis is carried out in t
44、he frequency domain, but there are also useful tools involving the time history of the vibration.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13373-2:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 13373-2:2016ISO 13373-2:2016(E)Figure 1 shows the relationship between the vibration signal in the time and frequency domai
45、ns. In this display, it can be noted that there are four overlapping signals that combine to make up the composite trace as it would be seen on the analyzer screen (grey trace in the XY plane). Through the Fourier process, the analyzer converts this composite signal into the four distinct frequency
46、components shown.XYZ12KeyX time 1 time domain oscillogramY amplitude/magnitude 2 frequency domain spectrumZ frequencyFigure 1 Time and frequency domainsFigure 2 is a simpler example of a composite trace from a single transducer as seen on the analyzer screen. In this case, there are only three overl
47、apping signals, as shown in Figure 3, and their distinct frequencies are included in Figure 4.YXKeyX timeY amplitudeFigure 2 Basic spectra composite signal2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 13373-2:2016ISO 13373-2:2016(E)YXKeyX timeY amplitudeFigure 3 Overlapping signalsYXKeyX frequencyY amplitude
48、Figure 4 Distinct frequenciesFor many investigations, the relationship between vibration on different structure points, or different vibration directions, is as important as the individual vibration data themselves. For this reason, multichannel signal analyzers are available with builtin dualchanne
49、l analysis features. When examining signals with this technique, both the amplitude and phase relationships of the vibration signals are important.3.2 Analogue and digital systems3.2.1 GeneralThe analogue signal from a transducer can be processed using analogue or digital systems. Traditionally, analogue systems were used that involved filters, amplifiers, recorders, integrators and other components which modify the signal, but do not change its analogue character. More recently, the advantages of digitizing the sig
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