1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 13821:2002 Corrugated fibreboard Determination of edgewise crush resistance Waxed edge method ICS 85.060 BS ISO 13821:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Materials and Chemicals Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under
2、the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 26 September 2002 BSI 26 September 2002 ISBN 0 580 40437 4 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 13821:2002 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted t
3、o Technical Committee PAI/11, Methods of test for paper, board and pulps, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to
4、in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of
5、a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or propo
6、sals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 5 and a back cover. The BSI copyri
7、ght date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13821 First edition 2002-09-01 Reference number ISO 13821:2002(E) Corrugated fibreboard Determination of edgewise crush resistance Wax
8、ed edge method Carton ondul Dtermination de la rsistance la compression sur chant Mthode du bord paraffinBSISO13821:2002 ii FDP dicslaimre This FDP fam elitnoc yt deddebme niayfep.seca In roccatiw ecnadA hycilop gnisnecil sebod, thf sim eliarp eb ytnieiv ro dewb detu sllah ton eb tidesselnu de tt eh
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11、nuley evtne ttah a borpmel talerign to ti f si,dnuo saelpfni erom teh tneCS larterceratai ta thserdda es igvne olebw. BSISO13821:2002 iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparin
12、g International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liai
13、son with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft Internationa
14、l Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Stand
15、ard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 13821 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2, Test methods and quality specifications for paper and bo
16、ard. BSISO13821:2002 iv Introduction A variety of methods for the determination of edgewise crush resistance are in use in different parts of the world. These can be classified into three groups as follows. a) Those in which a carefully cut rectangular test piece is tested without any special treatm
17、ent or modification. b) Those in which the edges of the test piece to which the force is applied are waxed to prevent the test result from being influenced by “edge effects”. c) Those in which the test piece edges are not waxed but the shape of the test piece is such that the length is substantially
18、 reduced at a point midway between the loading edges in order to induce the failure to occur away from those edges. The dimensions of the test piece vary from one group to the other and, in group c), the methods vary according to the shape and method of reducing the length and to whether or not the
19、test piece is held in a clamp during crushing. The methods may not give the same numerical results, but it can be shown that most of them can be used to predict the top-to-bottom compression strength which will be achieved when the board is properly converted into a transport package. This Internati
20、onal Standard describes a method from group b) intended to be used for quality measurement and quality specification purposes. This particular method is selected because it correlates with the top-to-bottom compression strength of the final transport package and, of the methods giving the highest va
21、lue, it is the simplest and most operationally convenient. BSISO13821:2002 1 Corrugated fibreboard Determination of edgewise crush resistance Waxed edge method 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the edgewise crush resistance of corrugated fibreboard. The
22、force is applied in the direction of the flute axis. This method is applicable to single-wall (double-faced), double-wall, and triple-wall corrugated fibreboard. It may also be used to test samples taken from corrugated cases and other converted products. While the method is applicable to waxed corr
23、ugated fibreboard, care must be taken that the heat used in the waxing step does not affect the corrugated structure. This is controlled by observing that failure during the test still occurs away from the loaded edges. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions whic
24、h, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the poss
25、ibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling t
26、o determine average quality ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples ISO 13820, Paper, board and corrugated fibreboard Description and calibration of compression-testing equipment 3 Princi
27、ple Subjection of a rectangular test piece of the corrugated board placed between the platens of a crush tester, with the flutes perpendicular to the platens, to a compressive force until failure occurs. The loading edges of the test piece have been reinforced by paraffin to prevent premature failur
28、e at those edges when the load is applied. Measurement of the maximum force sustained by the test piece. 4 Apparatus and test liquid 4.1 Motor-driven, platen-type compression testing machine. The apparatus described in ISO 13820 shall be used. 4.2 Cutting equipment, enabling the cutting of test piec
29、es according to the requirements specified in 7.2. 4.2.1 Band-saw or knife and cutting jig to prepare the test pieces. The equipment shall produce cut edges that are unfrayed, straight and perpendicular to the facings of the board. BSISO13821:2002 2 4.2.2 Circular saw, equipped with a sharp, no-set
30、(hollow-ground or taper-ground is desirable) saw blade. Ensure that the saw blade is to the table supporting the test piece. 4.2.3 Motorized dual-knife-type cutter with flat, straight, parallel and freshly sharpened blades which should be approximately thick, sharpened on one side only to a bevel of
31、 about and mounted so that the plane sides of the blades face each other (i.e. inwards) and are perpendicular to the faces of the board. The blades of such a cutter must be kept in good alignment. It is recommended that the blades of this type of cutter be replaced after being used more than 100 tim
32、es. 4.2.4 Other types of test-piece cutters, such as a manual knife used with a guide, can be employed provided it can be shown that they meet the requirements specified in 7.2. 4.3 Guide blocks, consisting of two rectangular, smooth-finished, metal (or wood) blocks of dimensions , and at least in l
33、ength, to support the test piece and keep it perpendicular to the platens. The blocks are cut back by , as shown in Figure 1, to avoid contact with the waxed areas. 4.4 Molten paraffin, with a melting point of approximately . 5 Sampling The sample, taken in accordance with ISO 186, shall permit the
34、preparation of test pieces free from converting machine marks. 6 Conditioning Condition the sample in accordance with ISO 187. 7 Preparation of test pieces 7.1 General Prepare test pieces in the standard atmosphere specified in ISO 187. Dimensions in millimetres Figure 1 Guide block 90 0,5 mm 3 mm 4
35、0 mm 20 mm 40 mm 2mm 52 C BSISO13821:2002 3 7.2 Cutting of the test pieces Using the equipment described in 4.2 and 4.3 to ensure parallel cuts, cut from the sample at least 10 rectangular test pieces with the flutes perpendicular (to within ) to the width or loading edges, in one of the following s
36、izes: The tolerances apply to the mean height and width. The loading edges shall be cut cleanly and straight. The cleanliness of the cut is judged by inspection without magnification under normal laboratory lighting. Determine that the edges are not frayed and that no loose fibres are visible. The t
37、est piece shall be free from converting-machine marks, printing, and damage to edges, flutes and test area. Opposite edges shall be parallel and adjacent edges shall be at right angles. Straightness, parallelism and perpendicularity may be judged by the following procedure: Stand two test pieces on
38、their cut edges on a plane surface with two of their faces almost touching. With perfectly flat board, the two adjacent faces should appear flat and parallel to each other over their whole surfaces. If the board is warped, this may not be so, but the test pieces are acceptable if they stand vertical
39、ly on their bottom edges, if the top cut surfaces appear flat and parallel to each other and at right angles to the linear surfaces close to the cut, and if the cut ends of the test pieces appear to be in the same plane. It should not be possible to see light under the cut edge of either test piece
40、when a load of about (equivalent to light finger pressure) is applied to the top edge. End-for-end (rotate on its vertical axis) one test piece, then invert the other test piece. In each configuration, the criteria of the preceding paragraph shall apply. Test other pairs of test pieces in the same w
41、ay. 7.3 Waxing Dip each loading edge in molten paraffin (see 4.4) to a depth of and hold there until the absorbed paraffin, as determined visually, begins to migrate above the dipped zone. Normally, a dip in molten paraffin at a temperature of to is satisfactory. If excessively rapid migration is en
42、countered, reduce the temperature of the molten paraffin. Immediately after dipping, momentarily blot the loading edges of the test piece on paper towelling preheated on a hot plate maintained at to . NOTE The following alternative procedure for impregnating the loading edges of test pieces with par
43、affin is permissible. Place the loading edge on a paraffin-saturated pad, such as paper towelling, heated on a hot plate maintained at to until the paraffin impregnates the test piece to the desired depth. Generally, this method is slower than the dipping method and therefore permits better control
44、of the depth of the paraffin penetration for test pieces in which paraffin migration is rapid. Recondition the test pieces in the standard atmosphere specified in clause 6, for to reach equilibrium. 8 Procedure Conduct the tests in the standard atmosphere specified in clause 6. With the platens of t
45、he compression tester conveniently separated, place the test piece on one of its waxed loading edges centrally on the lower platen. Place the two guide blocks (4.3) on the lower platen, one on each side of the test piece, larger face up, so that the offset ends are in contact with the unwaxed portio
46、n of the surface of the test piece. for A-flute, X-flute and all doublewall and triplewall grades ; for C-flute ; for B-flute . 1 (50,8 0,8) mm(50,8 0,8) mm (38,1 0,8) mm high(50,8 0,8) mm wide (32,0 0,8) mm high(50,8 0,8) mm wide 1N 180 6mm 6mm 3s 69 C7 5 C 77 C8 2 C 77 C8 2 C 6mm 2h BSISO13821:200
47、2 4 In so doing, the test piece is held perpendicular to the platen surface. Zero the measuring device with these guide blocks in position. Apply a compression force to the test piece using the prescribed loading rate. When the load on the test piece has reached about , and without altering the plat
48、en movement rate, carefully move the guide blocks away from the test piece but do not remove them from the platen. Continue to operate the tester until the test piece fails. Alternatively, the zero may be set before the guide blocks are placed in position on the lower platen. In this case, the guide
49、 blocks should be removed from the platen as soon as the test piece becomes securely held. NOTE In using load-measuring devices equipped with a force sensor on the upper plate, the complications associated with zero- setting are alleviated. Record the maximum load, in newtons, to the nearest . If the force is calculated from a measured deflection, read the deflection to the nearest . If either liner does not fail in the unwaxed area of
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