1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 14132-1:2015Optics and photonics V o c a b u l a r y f o r t e l e s c o p i csystemsPart 1: General terms and alphabeticalindexes of terms in ISO 14132BS ISO 14132-1:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 14132-1:2
2、015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CPW/172, Optics and Photonics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users
3、 are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 86383 7ICS 01.040.37; 37.020Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authorit
4、y of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 14132-1:2015 ISO 2015Optics and photonics Vocabulary for telescopic systems Part 1: General terms and alphabetical indexes of terms in ISO 14132Optique
5、 et photonique Vocabulaire relatif aux systmes tlescopiques Partie 1: Termes gnraux et index alphabtiques des termes dans lISO 14132INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO14132-1Second edition2015-11-15Reference numberISO 14132-1:2015(E)BS ISO 14132-1:2015ISO 14132-1:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGH
6、T PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, withou
7、t prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS IS
8、O 14132-1:2015ISO 14132-1:2015(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 14 Terms and definitions . 24.1 General definitions 24.2 Basic characteristics of telescopic systems and observational instruments . 34.3 Optical parts and components of telescopic system
9、s 7Annex A (informative) Alphabetical index of terms in ISO 14132 . 9Bibliography .14 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 14132-1:2015ISO 14132-1:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member
10、 bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
11、 and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
12、 described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is dr
13、awn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
14、 the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessme
15、nt, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information .The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 172, Optics and photonics, Subcommittee SC 4, Telescopic systems.This secon
16、d edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 141321:2002), which has been technically revised with the following changes:a) the term “telescopic system” has been introduced replacing the term “telescope” where appropriate;b) the useful magnification (4.2.12) is now identified by ;c) telesco
17、pic acuity of vision is now given in minutes of arc;d) two new symbols were added to the term veiling glare index (4.2.27): B(luminous flux of black object on the white background) and W(luminous flux caused by the white background);e) two new terms were added: “zoom ratio” (4.2.30) and “zoom range”
18、 (4.2.31);f) the term “teleobjective” (4.3.5) has been replaced by “telephoto lens”.ISO 14132 consists of the following parts, under the general title Optics and photonics Vocabulary for telescopic systems: Part 1: General terms and alphabetical indexes of terms in ISO 14132 Part 2: Terms for binocu
19、lars, monoculars and spotting scopes Part 3: Terms for telescopic sights Part 4: Terms for astronomical telescopes Part 5: Terms for night vision devicesiv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 14132-1:2015INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14132-1:2015(E)Optics and photonics Vocabulary for telescopic systems
20、Part 1: General terms and alphabetical indexes of terms in ISO 141321 ScopeThis part of ISO 14132 gives terms, definitions and letter symbols of common notions that are typical for all types of telescopic systems.The alphabetical indexes of terms that are common for all published parts of ISO 14132
21、are published in this part of ISO 14132. See Annex A.2 Normative referencesThere are no normative references in this document.3 Symbols and abbreviated termsLetters symbols of common values that are typical for telescopic systems are given in Table 1.Table 1 SymbolsSymbol DescriptionReference part a
22、nd clause in ISO 14132b distance between centres of eyepieces ISO 14132-2:2015, 3.1.14b interpupillary distance ISO 14132-2:2015, 3.1.11B distance between centres of objectives ISO 14132-2:2015, 3.1.14D entrance pupil diameter; clear aperture of objective 4.2.9, ISO 14132-4:2015, 3.2D exit pupil dia
23、meter 4.2.10L efficiency of telescopic system 4.2.15LHdaylight efficiency when the telescope is handheld 4.2.16Lsdaylight efficiency when the telescope is fixed against a support 4.2.16Ltgeometric twilight number 4.2.17l distance from the objective of the instrument to the object plane 4.2.5P plasti
24、city ISO 14132-2:2015, 3.1.15Plspecific plasticity ISO 14132-2:2015, 3.1.14R distance to the object that defines the depth of stereoscopic vision ISO 14132-2:2015, 3.1.17R0range of stereoscopic vision ISO 14132-2:2015, 3.1.16R threshold depth of stereoscopic vision ISO 14132-2:2015, 3.1.17w angular
25、subtense of the object 4.2.1w angular subtense of the image 4.2.12y linear field of view in object space 4.2.5 ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 14132-1:2015ISO 14132-1:2015(E)Symbol DescriptionReference part and clause in ISO 14132 magnification; power 4.2.1 useful magnification 4.2.12 limit of
26、angular resolution 4.2.13, ISO 14132-4:2015, 3.3.2ethreshold of stereoscopic vision of the unaided eye ISO 14132-2:2015, 3.1.16 wavelength of optical radiation ISO 14132-4:2015, 3.3.2 acuity of vision of an unaided eye 4.2.15 telescopic acuity of vision 4.2.142 angular field of view in object space
27、4.2.22 angular field of view in image space 4.2.3BLuminous flux of black object on the white background 4.2.27WLuminous flux caused by the white background 4.2.274 Terms and definitions4.1 General definitions4.1.1telescopic systemafocal systemoptical system which, having received a bundle of rays co
28、ming from an infinitely distant object incident upon its objective, forms a conjugate emergent bundle of parallel rays4.1.2Keplerian telescopic systemKeplerian telescopetelescopic system which includes an objective lens and an eyepiece, both having positive focal lengths4.1.3Galilean telescopic syst
29、emGalilean telescopetelescopic system which includes an objective lens having positive focal length and an eyepiece having negative focal length4.1.4telescopic observational instrumenttelescopeoptical instrument which includes a telescopic system and is used for watching remote objectsEXAMPLE Binocu
30、lars, monoculars, spotting scopes, amateur astronomical telescopes, telescopic sights and night-vision devices.Table 1 (continued)2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 14132-1:2015ISO 14132-1:2015(E)4.2 Basic characteristics of telescopic systems and observational instruments4.2.1magnificationmagnify
31、ing powerratio of the paraxial angular subtense (w) of the image of an infinitely distant object as seen through the telescopic system, to the paraxial angular subtense (w) of the same object viewed by the unaided eyeNote 1 to entry: The magnification is defined in accordance with the following form
32、ulae:=tantanorwwwwDD4.2.2angular field of view in object space2angular size of the field of view observable through the telescopic system seen without the telescopic system4.2.3angular field of view in image space2size of the field of view at the exit of the telescopic systemNote 1 to entry: This di
33、mension is expressed in angular units.Note 2 to entry: In the absence of distortion, the angular fields of view in the object space and image space are related by the formulatantan =where is the magnification of the telescopic system.4.2.4wide angle telescopic systemtelescopic system with an angular
34、 field of view in image space greater than 60 for Keplerian telescopes and greater than 50 for Galilean telescopes4.2.5linear field of view in object space2ymaximum linear dimension perpendicular to the optical axis in the object plane being imaged by the telescopic system and assessed in accordance
35、 with the formula22yl=tanwhere l is the distance from the objective of the instrument to the object plane4.2.6entrance pupilparaxial image of the aperture stop in object space or the aperture stop itself, if it is located in object space4.2.7exit pupilparaxial image of the aperture stop in image spa
36、ce or the aperture stop itself, if it is located in image space ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 14132-1:2015ISO 14132-1:2015(E)4.2.8eye reliefdistance from the vertex of the last optical surface to the exit pupil of the telescopic system measured along the optical axis4.2.9entrance pupil diamet
37、erDin object space, the largest diameter of an incident parallel bundle of rays, the axis of said bundle being parallel to the optical axis, that passes unrestricted through the optical systemNote 1 to entry: For noncircular entrance pupil shape, the diameter of a circle of equivalent area applies.4
38、2.10exit pupil diameterDdiameter of the image of the aperture stop formed by the telescopic system in image spaceNote 1 to entry: In the case of a Galilean telescope the image is virtual.Note 2 to entry: The exit pupil diameter is related to the entrance pupil diameter by the formula =DDNote 3 to e
39、ntry: For noncircular pupil shape, the diameter of a circle of equivalent area applies.4.2.11normal magnificationmagnification of a telescopic system subject to the condition that the diameter of its exit pupil is equal to the diameter of the observers eye entrance pupilNote 1 to entry: The normal m
40、agnification of the instrument occurs when its exit pupil diameter is 2 mm, which corresponds to an angular resolution limit of a matched eye entrance pupil of 60 seconds of arc.4.2.12useful magnificationmagnification of a telescopic system subject to the condition that the limit of resolution of th
41、e instrument and that of the eye coincideNote 1 to entry: The useful magnification is defined in accordance with the formula0,2 D 0,75 Dwhere D is the diameter of the entrance pupil in millimetres.4.2.13limit of angular resolutionminimum angular separation between the centres of two points or lines
42、of an infinitely distant object that are still discernible through the optical systemNote 1 to entry: The limit of resolution, , in seconds of arc is defined, for an ideal system, by the following formula: =120Dwhere D is the diameter of the entrance pupil in millimetres.4 ISO 2015 All rights reserv
43、edBS ISO 14132-1:2015ISO 14132-1:2015(E)4.2.14telescopic acuity of visionacuity of recognition by the eye of an object observed through a telescopic system which is the inverse of the limit of resolution (in minutes of arc) of the eye/telescopic system combination4.2.15efficiency of telescopic syste
44、mLability of a telescopic system to enhance the ability of an observer to separate small details of an object relative to that of an unaided eye; defined by the ratio of the telescopic acuity of vision to that of an unaided eyeNote 1 to entry: The acuity of vision, , of an unaided eye is understood
45、to be reciprocal of the limit of resolution of the eye expressed in minutes of arc.4.2.16daylight efficiencyefficiency of a telescopic system at daylight illumination when the adaptational luminance of the background exceeds 3,2 cd/m2Note 1 to entry: It should be distinguished between the daylight e
46、fficiency when the telescopic system is handheld, LH, and that when it is fixed against a support, LS, wherebyLH= 081003,( ,)LDS=1061165,where D is the diameter of the exit pupil in millimetres. The diameter of the exit pupil D should be approximately greater than 2.4.2.17geometric twilight numberLt
47、relative measure for the efficiency of a telescopic system in twilight conditions of observation that is defined in accordance with the formulaLDt=where D is the diameter of the entrance pupil in millimetres4.2.18convergence of raysamount by which rays of a bundle converge on emergence from the eyep
48、iece of a telescopic system4.2.19divergence of raysamount by which rays of a bundle diverge on emergence from the eyepiece of a telescopic system4.2.20dioptre adjustment rangerange of focusing of the eyepiece or focusing device of a telescopic system expressed in dioptres (m1)4.2.21image defocusings
49、hift of focus that occurs during magnification change of a variable power telescopic system ISO 2015 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 14132-1:2015ISO 14132-1:2015(E)4.2.22axial parallaxlack of coincidence of the image plane of an object formed by the objective of the telescopic system with the plane of the reticle4.2.23periscopicityseparation between the optical axes of the objective and the eyepiece4.2.24minimum distance of observationclose distanceshor
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