1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 14385-2:2014Stationary source emissions Greenhouse gasesPart 2: Ongoing quality control ofautomated measuring systemsBS ISO 14385-2:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 14385-2:2014.The UK participation in its pre
2、paration was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/2/1, Stationary source emission.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its corre
3、ctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 70088 0ICS 13.040.40Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy
4、Committee on 31 July 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 14385-2:2014 ISO 2014Stationary source emissions Greenhouse gases Part 2: Ongoing quality control of automated measuring systemsmissions de sources fixes Gaz effet de serre Partie 2: Contrle qualit continu des syst
5、mes de mesurage automatiquesINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO14385-2First edition2014-08-01Reference numberISO 14385-2:2014(E)BS ISO 14385-2:2014ISO 14385-2:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication
6、 may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of
7、the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 14385-2:2014ISO 14385-2:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normat
8、ive references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Symbols and abbreviations . 24.1 Symbols . 24.2 Abbreviations . 25 Principle 35.1 General . 35.2 Limitations 35.3 Measurement site and installation 45.4 Testing laboratories performing SRM measurements 46 Ongoing quality assurance during operation . 46.1
9、General . 46.2 Procedures to maintain ongoing quality 56.3 Choosing control charts 66.4 Setting parameters for control charts . 66.5 Zero and span measurements 86.6 Documentation of control charts 96.7 Check on validity of measured values 107 Annual surveillance test (AST) .107.1 Functional test 107
10、.2 Parallel measurements with an SRM 107.3 Data evaluation 127.4 Calculation of variability 137.5 Test of variability and validity of the calibration function .137.6 AST report 148 Documentation 14Annex A (normative) AST functional test of AMS .15Annex B (normative) Test of linearity 19Annex C (info
11、rmative) Documentation .21Annex D (informative) Shewhart control charts .23Annex E (informative) Exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) charts .26Annex F (informative) Example of calculation of the standard deviation AMSof the AMS at zero and span level .29Bibliography .32BS ISO 14385-2:2014IS
12、O 14385-2:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subje
13、ct for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC
14、) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be no
15、ted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifyin
16、g any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience
17、of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Suppl
18、ementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 1, Stationary source emissions.ISO 14385 consists of the following parts, under the general title Stationary source emissions Greenhouse gases: Part 1: Calibration of automated measuring syste
19、ms Part 2: Ongoing quality control of automated measuring systemsiv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 14385-2:2014ISO 14385-2:2014(E)IntroductionThe measurement of greenhouse gas emissions (carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane) in a framework of emission trading requires an equal and known qualit
20、y of data.This part of ISO 14385 describes the quality assurance procedures for calibration and ongoing quality control needed to ensure that automated measuring systems (AMS) installed to measure emissions of greenhouse gases to air are capable of meeting the uncertainty requirements on measured va
21、lues specified by legislation, competent authorities, or in an emission trade scheme. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS ISO 14385-2:2014BS ISO 14385-2:2014Stationary source emissions Greenhouse gases Part 2: Ongoing quality control of automated measuring systems1 ScopeThis part of ISO 14385 specifies
22、 procedures for establishing quality assurance for automated measuring systems (AMS) installed on industrial plants for the determination of the concentration of greenhouse gases in flue and waste gas and other flue gas parameters.This part of ISO 14385 specifies the following: a procedure to mainta
23、in and demonstrate the required quality of the measurement results during the normal operation of an AMS, by checking that the zero and span characteristics are consistent with those determined using the relevant procedure in ISO 14956; a procedure for the annual surveillance tests (AST) of the AMS
24、in order to evaluate a) that it functions correctly and its performance remains valid and b) that its calibration function and variability remain as previously determined.This part of ISO 14385 is designed to be used after the AMS has been accepted according to the procedures specified in ISO 14956.
25、This part of ISO 14385 is restricted to quality assurance (QA) of the AMS and does not include QA of the data collection and recording system of the plant.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its app
26、lication. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 14385-1, Stationary source emissions Greenhouse gases Part 1: Calibration of automated measuring systemsISO 14956, Air quality
27、Evaluation of the suitability of a measurement procedure by comparison with a required measurement uncertainty3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14385-1 and the following apply.3.1control chartgraphical presentation of the regular recordi
28、ng of the difference of the reading of an instrument or measuring system, when measuring the pollutant concentration in a gas with known concentration, and the nominal value of the pollutant concentration in that gasINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14385-2:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 1438
29、5-2:2014ISO 14385-2:2014(E)4 Symbols and abbreviations4.1 SymbolsDidifference between SRM value yiand calibrated AMS measured value iDaverage of Dikvtest value for variability (based on a 2-test, with a -value of 50 %, for N numbers of paired meas-urements)N number of paired samples in parallel meas
30、urementsSAMSstandard deviation of the AMS used in ongoing quality controlSDstandard deviation of the differences Diin parallel measurementst0,95;N1value of the t distribution for a significance level of 95 % and a number of degrees of freedom of N 1uinstuncertainty due to instability (expressed as a
31、 standard deviation)utempuncertainty due to influence of temperature (expressed as a standard deviation)upresuncertainty due to influence of pressure (expressed as a standard deviation)uvoltuncertainty due to influence of voltage (expressed as a standard deviation)uothersany other uncertainty that c
32、an influence the zero and span reading (expressed as a standard deviation)xiithmeasured signal obtained with the AMS at AMS measuring conditionsxaverage of AMS measured signals xiyiithmeasured value obtained with the SRMyaverage of the SRM measured values yiyi,sSRM measured value yiat standard condi
33、tionsys,minlowest SRM measured value at standard conditionsys,maxhighest SRM measured value at standard conditionsibest estimate for the “true value”, calculated from the AMS measured signal xiby means of the calibration functioni,sbest estimate for the ”true value”, calculated from the AMS measured
34、 signal xiat standard condi-tionss,maxbest estimate for the ”true value”, calculated from the maximum value of the AMS measured sig-nals xiat standard conditionsideviation between yiand the expected value0standard deviation associated with the uncertainty derived from requirements of legislation4.2
35、AbbreviationsAMS automated measuring systemAST annual surveillance test2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 14385-2:2014ISO 14385-2:2014(E)EWMA chart exponentially weighted moving average chartQA quality assuranceSRM Standard Reference Method5 Principle5.1 GeneralAn AMS to be used shall have been pr
36、oven suitable for its measuring task (parameter and composition of the flue gas) by use of the procedures, as specified by ISO 14956. Using this part of ISO 14385, it shall be proven that the total uncertainty of the results obtained from the AMS meets the specification for uncertainty stated in leg
37、islation or in requirements and specifications established in an international trading program. In ISO 14956, the total uncertainty required by the relevant regulations is calculated by summing all the relevant uncertainty components arising from the individual performance.NOTE It is advisable that
38、uncertainty figures are provided by independent testing bodies.This part of ISO 14385 provides two procedures. A procedure which is used to check drift and precision in order to demonstrate that the AMS is in control during its operation so that it continues to function within the required specifica
39、tions for uncertainty. This is achieved by conducting periodic zero and span checks of the AMS, based on those used in the procedure for zero and span repeatability tests according to ISO 14956:2002, and then evaluating the results obtained using control charts. Zero and span adjustments or maintena
40、nce of the AMS can be necessary, depending on the results of this evaluation. A procedure which is used to evaluate whether the measured values obtained from the AMS still meet the maximum permissible uncertainty criteria, as demonstrated in the calibration procedure (ISO 14385-1). It also determine
41、s whether the calibration function obtained during the calibration procedure is still valid. The validity of the measured values obtained with the AMS is checked by means of a series of functional tests, as well as by the performance of a limited number of parallel measurements using an appropriate
42、SRM.5.2 LimitationsFigure 2 illustrates the components of the AMS covered by this part of ISO 14385.Figure 2 Limits for the QA of the AMS excluding the data acquisition and handling system ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 14385-2:2014ISO 14385-2:2014(E)NOTE 1 The influence of the uncertainty of
43、the measurement results, which arise from the data acquisition recording and handling system of the AMS or of the plant system, and its determination, are excluded from this part of ISO 14385.NOTE 2 The performance of the data collection and recording system can be as influential as the AMS performa
44、nce in determining the quality of the results obtained from the whole measuring system/process. There are different requirements for data collection recording and presentation in different countries.When conducting parallel measurements, the measured signals from the AMS are taken directly from the
45、AMS (e.g. expressed as analogue or digital signal) during the AST procedures specified in this part of ISO 14385, by using an independent data collection system provided by the organization(s) carrying out the AST tests. All data shall be recorded in their uncorrected form (without corrections for,
46、e.g. temperature and oxygen). A plant data collection system with quality control can additionally be used to collect the measured signal from the AMS.5.3 Measurement site and installationThe AMS shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of the relevant national or international standar
47、ds, as specified by legislation, competent authorities, or in emission trade scheme. Special attention shall be given to ensure that the AMS is readily accessible for regular maintenance and other necessary activities.NOTE The AMS is intended to be positioned as far as practical in a position where
48、it measures a sample, which is representative of the stack gas composition.All measurements shall be carried out on a suitable AMS and peripheral AMS installed within an appropriate working environment.The working platform used to access the AMS shall readily allow parallel measurements to be perfor
49、med using an SRM. The sampling ports for measurements with the SRM shall be placed as close as possible, but not more than three times the equivalent diameter up-stream or down-stream of the location of the AMS, in order to achieve comparable measurements between AMS and SRM.It is necessary to have good access to the AMS to enable inspections to take place and also to minimize time taken to implement the quality assurance procedures of this part of ISO 14385. A clean, well-ventilated, and well-lit working space around
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