1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 14837-1:2005 Mechanical vibration Ground-borne noise and vibration arising from rail systems Part 1: General guidance ICS 17.160; 45.080; 93.060 BS ISO 14837-1:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 3 Oct
2、ober 2005 BSI 3 October 2005 ISBN 0 580 46574 8 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 14837-1:2005 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee GME/21, Mechanical vibration and shock, to Subcommi
3、ttee GME/21/3, Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration and shock, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed
4、; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this documen
5、t may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Us
6、ers are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to vi, pages 1 to 45 and a back cover. The BSI co
7、pyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Reference number ISO 14837-1:2005(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14837-1 First edition 2005-07-15 Mechanical vibration Ground-borne noise and vibration aris
8、ing from rail systems Part 1: General guidance Vibrations mcaniques Vibrations et bruits initis au sol dus des lignes ferroviaires Partie 1: Directives gnrales BS ISO 14837-1:2005ii BS ISO 14837-1:2005 iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and de
9、finitions. 1 4 Overview of ground-borne vibration and ground-borne noise 3 4.1 Circumstances of interest 3 4.2 Source of ground-borne vibration and ground-borne noise 3 4.3 Propagation . 8 4.4 Receiver . 8 5 Effects of ground-borne vibration and ground-borne noise 9 5.1 General. 9 5.2 Perception of
10、ground-borne vibration (1 Hz to 80 Hz) 9 5.3 Perception of ground-borne noise (16 Hz to 250 Hz) 9 5.4 Effect on buildings (1 Hz to 500 Hz) 9 5.5 Effect on very sensitive equipment and sensitive tasks (circa 1 Hz to 200 Hz) . 10 6 Metrics . 10 6.1 General. 10 6.2 Perception of ground-borne vibration
11、10 6.3 Perception of ground-borne noise 11 6.4 Effects on buildings 11 6.5 Effects on very sensitive equipment 12 7 Ground-borne noise and vibration measurements . 12 7.1 Equipment (instrumentation chain) 12 7.2 Measurement locations 13 7.3 Data to be acquired. 13 7.4 Data analysis . 13 7.5 Measurem
12、ent report . 14 8 Concept of models 14 8.1 Model development 14 8.2 Stages of assessment 15 9 Prediction models. 20 9.1 General. 20 9.2 Parametric models 21 9.3 Empirical models 22 9.4 Semi-empirical models. 24 10 Development, calibration, validation and verification 24 Annex A (informative) Checkli
13、st of issues relevant to modelling and measurement . 26 Annex B (informative) Mitigation of ground-borne vibration and ground-borne noise 32 Annex C (informative) Process and tools for development, calibration, validation and verification 39 Bibliography . 44 BS ISO 14837-1:2005 iv Foreword ISO (the
14、 International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committe
15、e has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechni
16、cal standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member b
17、odies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying a
18、ny or all such patent rights. ISO 14837-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration and shock, Subcommittee SC 2, Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration and shock as applied to machines, vehicles and structures. ISO 14837 consists of the following parts, under
19、the general title Mechanical vibration Ground-borne noise and vibration arising from rail systems: Part 1: General guidance The following parts are under preparation: Part 2: Prediction models Part 3: Measurement Part 4: Evaluation criteria Part 5: Mitigation Part 6: Asset management v Introduction
20、Many if not all ground transportation systems can give rise to ground-borne vibration and/or ground-borne noise. Railways are by far the most common and significant source as a consequence of running steel wheels over steel rail. Rail systems of all types generate ground-borne vibration and/or groun
21、d-borne noise, which (especially in urban settings) can have an undesirable environmental impact. An assessment of the likely ground vibration and response of structures at different distances from the source may be required. This requirement may arise for planning purposes where a) a new or extende
22、d railway or new or altered buildings are proposed, b) changes in dynamic characteristics of track or dynamic characteristics of trains are proposed, c) a change in train operations is proposed (e.g. change of total length, speed, service pattern), or d) assistance is needed in the evaluation of vib
23、ration mitigation measures. Appropriate prediction of ground-borne vibration and/or ground-borne noise is the first of the two essential blocks required to assess vibration effects of new or modified rail systems on existing buildings, or the effects on new buildings next to or over existing rail sy
24、stems. Ground-borne vibration and/or ground-borne noise criteria (and/or limit values) in the receiving building are the second block of any assessment. Criteria and limit values, however, are covered by national standards and other International Standards. Prediction of ground-borne vibration and/o
25、r ground-borne noise from rail systems is a complex and developing technical field. This part of ISO 14837 provides guidelines on the essential considerations associated with developing prediction models to ensure that they are “fit for purpose” and that they are consistent in their approach. Guidan
26、ce is given on calibrating and validating a model and verifying its implementation, which are vital steps in quantifying and improving the models accuracy. Table 1 shows in outline the stages to be observed for new or modified rail systems or building developments alongside rail systems. This part o
27、f ISO 14837 provides general introduction and guidance. Detailed matters will be covered in future parts, the titles of which are given in the Foreword. BS ISO 14837-1:2005vi Table 1 Outline of stages and the appropriate parts of ISO 14837 1. Approach dependent upon: New build, refurbishment or adja
28、cent development (Part 1) Design stage (concept, preliminary, detail) (Part 1) 2. Evaluation criteria Use national standards and/or Part 4 Define assessment location(s) and metric(s) 3. Parameters affecting situation Identify relevant parameters (check list in Part 1) Gather parameter data 4. Measur
29、ements Acquire site-specific information using metric(s) defined by criteria (Part 3 and Part 4) Evaluation of model parameters Develop and or validate prediction model Evaluate mitigation performance 5. Predictions Use metric defined by criteria (Part 4) Use appropriate model in the design stage (P
30、art 1 and Part 2) Ensure validation and define accuracy (Part 1) 6. Assessment Compare predictions against criteria Identify reason(s) for exceeding criteria 7. Mitigation Identify mitigation options (Part 1, Part 5 and Part 6) Assess whether mitigation options are reasonably practicable Carry out c
31、ost/benefit analysis 8. Solution Develop detail design Implement solution 9. Asset management Implement a programme of condition monitoring and maintenance to observe criteria (Part 5, Part 6) BS ISO 14837-1:20051 Mechanical vibration Ground-borne noise and vibration arising from rail systems Part 1
32、: General guidance 1 Scope This part of ISO 14837 provides general guidance on ground-borne vibration generated by the operation of rail systems, and the resultant ground-borne noise in buildings. It lists the factors and parameters that need to be taken into consideration and offers guidance on pre
33、diction methods appropriate for a range of circumstances (e.g. to support the assessment of effects on human occupants and sensitive equipment or operations inside the buildings in addition to the predictions required to assess the risk of damage to building structures). Attention is paid in this pa
34、rt of ISO 14837 to characteristics of the source: emission (e.g. train, wheel, rail, track, supporting infrastructure), propagation path: transmission (e.g. ground condition, distance), and receiving structures: immission: (e.g. foundations, form of building construction). The guidance covers all fo
35、rms of wheel and rail systems, from light-rail to high-speed trains and freight. This part of ISO 14837 provides guidance for rail systems at-grade, on elevated structures and in tunnels. This part of ISO 14837 does not deal with vibration arising from the construction and maintenance of the rail sy
36、stem. It does not deal with airborne noise. Structure-radiated noise from elevated structures, which can have a significant environmental impact, is also excluded. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
37、only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2041, Vibration and shock Vocabulary 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2041 apply, together wit
38、h the following. 3.1 ground-borne vibration vibration generated from the pass-by of vehicle on rail, propagated through the ground or structure into a receiving building BS ISO 14837-1:20052 3.2 ground-borne noise noise generated inside a building by ground-borne vibration generated from the pass-by
39、 of vehicle on rail NOTE 1 Ground-borne noise is sometimes also referred to as re-radiated noise, structure-borne noise and solid-borne noise. NOTE 2 Ground-borne noise excludes direct airborne noise. 3.3 model parameter factor or function describing the physical behaviour of a mechanical element (p
40、roperty) in a mathematical model 3.4 model component principal (fundamental) element of the whole physical system 3.5 model development drafting a model of a physical structure NOTE The model development is an iterative process through which a parameter, component or the whole model is modified to p
41、rovide better agreement between predicted and measured values. 3.6 model calibration calibration function(s) which are evaluated to ensure agreement between the model output and measured data 3.7 model validation comparison between the output of the calibrated model and the measured data, independen
42、t of the data set used for calibration 3.8 model verification confirmation that the mathematical elements of the model behave as intended 3.9 metric indicator used to express an evaluative criterion and measured or predicted quantity 3.10 insertion gain ratio between the value of a metric with and w
43、ithout a change to the system NOTE 1 A reduction in the metric value is shown with a negative sign when the insertion gain is expressed in decibels. NOTE 2 Although “insertion gain” is the preferred term, the term “insertion loss” is also used. A reduction in the metric value is shown with a positiv
44、e sign when the insertion loss is expressed in decibels. 3.11 unsprung mass collective mass of elements such as wheels, axles and, where appropriate, brake discs, axle hung motor, gearboxes, that bear on the rail below the vehicle suspension BS ISO 14837-1:20053 4 Overview of ground-borne vibration
45、and ground-borne noise 4.1 Circumstances of interest Ground-borne vibration and/or ground-borne noise can give rise to effects on human occupants of buildings. Very sensitive equipment or its operation can also be adversely affected. In extreme cases, ground-borne vibration can be such that there is
46、 a risk of damage to buildings and other structures. This part of ISO 14837 provides guidance on the prediction models required to assess the effects of vibration on human beings (but not animals) and very sensitive equipment inside buildings, and on the buildings themselves. People will perceive vi
47、bration in different forms, depending on the frequency range, as mechanical vibration of the human body (relevant frequency range 1 Hz to 80 Hz) and/or as sound, ground-borne noise emitted by vibrating parts of a building; i.e. the walls, floor and ceiling (relevant frequency range 16 Hz to 250 Hz).
48、 NOTE 1 Vibration is perceived in different forms, either as whole body vibration (1 Hz to 80 Hz), or perceived through the tactile sense, which may have a higher frequency range. NOTE 2 In unusual circumstances, frequencies as low as 16 Hz or as high as 500 Hz may be relevant to ground-borne noise.
49、 NOTE 3 Secondary effects include higher frequency noise emitted by rattling of some items such as glasses, dishes, windowpanes, ceilings, light fittings and some furniture. Guidance is not provided on the prediction of sound generation by this mechanism because it is difficult to quantify, although it can be a significant source of disturbance. Vibration in buildings can affect technical equipment; i.e. sensitive measuring instruments or manufacturin
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