1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 15166-1:1998 Adhesives Methods ofpreparing bulk specimens Part 1: Two-part systems ICS 83.180BSISO15166-1:1998 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Sector Board forMaterials and Chemicals, waspublished under the authorityofthe Standards Boarda
2、nd comes into effect on 15August1998 BSI 05-1999 ISBN 0 580 30233 4 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO15166-1:1998 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee STI/52, Adhesives, which has the
3、 responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the U
4、K. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “Int
5、ernational Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with
6、a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 5 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may h
7、ave had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO15166-1:1998 BSI 05-1999 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword iii Text of ISO 15166-1 1ii blankBSISO15166-
8、1:1998 ii BSI 05-1999 Contents Page Foreword iii Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definition 1 4 Mould description 1 5 Mixing and dispensing of the adhesive 2 6 Moulding 3 7 Curing 3 8 Test report 3 Figure 1 Examples of suitable moulds with a) spacers,b) a U-shaped frame and c) a
9、continuous frame 2 Figure 2 Casting the adhesive 4 Figure 3 Adhesive cast prior to closing the mould 5 Descriptors: Plastics, adhesives, test specimens, specimen preparation, bulk products.BSISO15166-1:1998 BSI 05-1999 iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldw
10、ide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on th
11、at committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted b
12、y the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO15166-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC11, Produ
13、cts. ISO15166consists of the following parts, under the general title Adhesives Methods of preparing bulk specimens: Part 1: Two-part systems; Part 2: Elevated-temperature-curing one-part systems.iv blankBSISO15166-1:1998 BSI 05-1999 1 Introduction Accurate values for the mechanical properties of ad
14、hesives are needed in the design of bonded joints to enable calculations of the stress distribution in the loaded joint to be made and failure criteria for the adhesive material to be determined. The use of test methods that employ specimens in the form of a bonded joint for the measurement of these
15、 properties is not ideal. This is because the thickness dimension of the bond constitutes the gauge length of the specimen for the determination of strain and, since the thickness is small (typically 1 mm), strains cannot be routinely determined with high accuracy. Furthermore, the failure of a join
16、t specimen usually arises under a multiaxial-stress state, the complexity of which depends upon many factors such as the geometry of the joint, the dimensions and properties of the adherends and the geometry of any fillets. The failure data derived from these specimens may be informative for design
17、purposes, but additional data are needed corresponding to deformation and failure under more simple stress states such as shear and uniaxial tension. The availability of bulk specimens with suitable dimensions will enable mechanical properties under different loading conditions and environments to b
18、e measured using methods developed and standardized for engineering plastics. These are both accurate and relatively inexpensive. Procedures are described that will enable specimens to be obtained that have structures and properties comparable with those for the adhesive in a bonded joint. Additiona
19、l tests on joint specimens will be necessary to give information relating to the performance of the bond between the adhesive and the adherend. 1 Scope This part of ISO15166describes methods for the preparation of bulk specimens of adhesives. The procedures described are suitable for two-part adhesi
20、ves such as epoxies, polyurethanes, acrylics,etc. The methods are not suitable for the preparation of bulk specimens of adhesives which require the evaporation of solvents or the liberation of gas for curing. They are also not suitable for pseudo-one-part adhesives that require an initiator to be ap
21、plied to one of the surfaces to be bonded. In addition, the methods are not suitable for adhesives whose working life is very short, so that there is insufficient time to mix the components, dispense the adhesive and close the mould. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions
22、which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO15166. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO15166 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of apply
23、ing the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 472:1988, Plastics Vocabulary. ISO 2818:1994, Plastics Preparation of test specimens by machining. ISO 3167:1993, Plastics Multipurpose test specim
24、ens. 3 Definition For the purposes of this part of ISO15166, the following definition, as given in ISO472:1988, applies. 3.1 pot life; working life the period of time during which an adhesive or resin, prepared for application, remains usable 4 Mould description 4.1 General The mould shall consist o
25、f two plates separated by spacers, a U-shaped frame or a continuous frame (see Figure 1). 4.2 Plates The two plates shall be made of metal and be at least5mm thick. This is both to provide a heat sink while curing and to avoid significant bowing of the plates under the forces experienced during moul
26、ding. NOTE 1Copper and brass are suggested as a plate material as they are good thermal conductors. However, when using certain components which are aggresive to copper, alternative metallic materials should be used. Make sure that the adhesive does not adhere to the metal plates after cure. NOTE 2T
27、his can be achieved by applying on the plates a low-surface-energy material such as a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film, or by coating or spraying a release material on the surface of the plates. PTFE sprays need caution so as not to contaminate any other surfaces in the vicinity. When preparing b
28、ulk specimens of adhesives that cure very rapidly at ambient temperature and where the evolution of large quantities of heat on curing is likely to lead to different properties of the adhesive, the plates in the mould shall be constructed to allow cooling water to pass through them.BSISO15166-1:1998
29、 2 BSI 05-1999 4.3 Spacer or frame A U-shaped frame as shown in Figure 1b) is used for non-free-flowing adhesives. Spacers as shown in Figure 1a) may be used for non-free-flowing adhesives cured at ambient temperature. A continuous frame as shown in Figure 1c) shall be used for free-flowing adhesive
30、s. Make sure that the adhesive does not adhere to the frame or spacers after cure. NOTE 1This can be achieved by applying on the frame or spacers a low-surface-energy material such as a PTFE film, or by coating or spraying a release material on the surface of the frame or spacers. PTFE sprays need c
31、aution so as not to contaminate any other surfaces in the vicinity. Alternatively the frame or spacers could be constructed from a low-surface-energy plastic such as PTFE. The thickness of the frame determines the specimen thickness and shall be uniform to within 0,5%. Ensure that the specimen thick
32、ness is sufficiently small that the temperature rise resulting from an exothermic cure reaction does not degrade the material (see clause7). NOTE 2A thickness of2mm to3mm is suitable for most tests. Where spacers are used to define the shape of the mould, precautions shall be taken to prevent relati
33、ve movement of the spacers during casting or curing. Alternatively, a U-shaped frame may be used (see Figure 1). The dimensions of the mould shall be chosen to suit the type of test specimen required. When bulk specimens are to be prepared having the standard multipurpose test specimen geometry spec
34、ified in ISO3167, the minimum length of the moulded material shall be greater than150mm. Mechanically prepared test specimens shall be machined in accordance with ISO2818, stamped or cut from the moulded plates. Alternatively, pre-formed or shaped frames can be used to manufacture specimens of the d
35、esired geometry. The machine used for mixing the components may place a constraint on the mould volume (see 5.3). 5 Mixing and dispensing oftheadhesive 5.1 Preparation of the individual components Precautions shall be taken to minimize the volume of any entrapped air in the individual adhesive compo
36、nents, since air bubbles present in the materials before mixing can lead to voids in the final bulk specimen. Entrapped air can be removed from the materials by stirring the individual components under a vacuum. When there is a risk of losing volatile substances in this process, the operation shall
37、be carried out at sufficiently low temperatures to avoid the removal of these substances. NOTEThe adhesive manufacturer should preferably be consulted on whether vacuum degasssing is feasible. Alternatively, and specifically for low-viscosity materials, the components shall be allowed to stand in th
38、e mixing apparatus until all visible air bubbles have risen to the surface. In this case, it shall be ensured that the final mixing operation will not introduce any further air. Figure 1 Examples of suitable moulds with a) spacers, b) a U-shaped frame andc)acontinuous frameBSISO15166-1:1998 BSI 05-1
39、999 3 5.2 Mixing The components shall be mixed in the correct ratio in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Mixing is generally achieved by using static or dynamic mixers. Where a static mixer is used, the nozzle employed shall have a sufficient number of mixing elements to ensure thoroug
40、h mixing of the components. NOTEWhen a static mixer is employed it is recommended that the mixer is evacuated during mixing to avoid entrapping air. Where a free-flowing adhesive with a long working life is mixed under conditions which could introduce air into the mixture, the final product shall be
41、 degassed under a vacuum before moulding. 5.3 Mixture volume When the mixing operation is not continuous and thus a limited volume of adequately mixed components is generated by the mixing machine, the mould volume shall be smaller than this discharged volume. 5.4 Dispensing 5.4.1 Non-free-flowing a
42、dhesives These adhesives shall be dispensed from cartridges with a nozzle or from more sophisticated dispensing equipment. A continuous, steady flow of adhesive is required while dispensing. NOTE 1Cartridges with static mixers are generally used. Discard the first quantity of material from nozzles i
43、n case the “first-out” mix is not to the correct ratio with the mixer nozzles used. The nozzle shall remain within the cast of adhesive at all times to prevent the introduction of air (seeFigure 2). Draw the nozzle slowly down the centre of the mould using spacers see Figure 1a) or a U-shaped frame
44、seeFigure 1b) in a continuous action without lifting the nozzle from the bottom of the mould or stopping the flow of adhesive (see Figure 3). NOTE 2It is recommended that the nozzle is kept at an angle of approximately30 to the plate (see Figure 2). The height of the dispensed adhesive shall be grea
45、ter than the spacer thickness. 5.4.2 Free-flowing adhesives Where the components have been mixed by a static mixer or other mixing equipment, follow the procedure described in 5.4.1 but using a continuous-frame mould see Figure 1c). In this case, ensure that the volume of the adhesive is smaller tha
46、n the volume of the mould cavity. For long working life adhesives where the components have been mixed and subsequently vacuum degassed, the adhesive shall be degassed in a container with a lip to aid the pouring of the adhesive into the continuous-frame mould. Ensure that the volume of the adhesive
47、 is smaller than the volume of the mould cavity. 6 Moulding To close the mould, place the plate which constitutes the upper part of the mould over one of the spacers or the bottom of the U-shaped frame and, using hand pressure, slowly press down onto the adhesive to spread the adhesive in the mould
48、until the plate rests on the other spacers or sides of the frame. When using the continuous frame (or the U-shaped frame in the specific case of curing at elevated temperature) apply sufficient clamping pressure between the upper and lower plates of the mould to prevent any excessive leakage of the
49、adhesive during this curing process. Then incline the mould at an angle between45 and90 to the horizontal. When elevated-temperature cure is also required, then maintain the mould at this inclined orientation within the curing oven. 7 Curing Cure the adhesive in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. When moulding a large-thickness specimen of an adhesive having a rapid exothermic reaction, it is important to ensure that the temperature rise is not so excessive that changes in the properties of the cured adhesive might occur. In
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