1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 15799:2003 Soil quality Guidance on the ecotoxicological characterization of soils and soil materials ICS 13.080.99 BS ISO 15799:2003 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 21 November 2003 BSI 21 November 200
2、3 ISBN 0 580 42954 7 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 15799:2003 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/4, Soil quality, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations rep
3、resented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by us
4、ing the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
5、from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in t
6、he UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 33 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication
7、Amd. No. Date Comments Reference number ISO 15799:2003(E) OSI 3002INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15799 First edition 2003-11-15 Soil quality Guidance on the ecotoxicological characterization of soils and soil materials Qualit du sol Lignes directrices relatives la caractrisation cotoxicologique des sols
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13、 irhgts seredevr iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Terms and definitions. 1 2.1 Types of soil and other soil materials. 1 2.2 Terms relating to soil characteristics . 2 2.3 Land and sites . 2 3 Field of application . 3 3.1 Soils and areas of soil use where ecotoxicological test
14、s should be considered:. 3 3.2 Soils and areas of soil use where ecotoxicological tests are not necessary (provided groundwater contamination can be excluded): . 3 4 Selection of tests according to use/re-use of soils and soil materials and soil functions . 3 4.1 Usefulness of ecotoxicity tests . 3
15、4.2 General criteria for selection of tests . 4 4.3 Considerations for the examination of soil functions. 4 5 Sampling, transport, storage and sample preparation . 7 6 Limitations of proposed biotests for soils/soil materials . 7 Annex A (informative) Standardized forms of recommended test systems.
16、8 Bibliography . 31 BSISO15799:2003IS:99751 O3002(E) iv I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevrForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out thr
17、ough ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collabo
18、rates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Stand
19、ards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of
20、this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 15799 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 7, Soil and site assessment. BSISO15799:2003IS:99751 O3002(E) I SO 3002 All irhg
21、ts seredevr vIntroduction The majority of existing ecotoxicological test methods (biotests) being internationally harmonized were developed to describe the ecotoxic potential of a test substance when added to a soil or soil material. These methods can be used, with some modification, for the ecotoxi
22、cological characterization of soils and soil materials with respect to their function and depending on the intended use. However, in such cases, users of the methods need to be aware that the validation of the methods is not complete. For substances with properties resulting in toxic effects, biotes
23、ts are a complement to conventional chemical analysis. Results from chemical analysis can be used for ecotoxicological assessments based on information on the substances identified, including properties of the chemicals, e.g. their bioaccumulation potential. This information is often scarce (if it e
24、xists at all) and does not include possible interactions (synergy/antagonism) between chemicals and the complex soil matrix. Furthermore, an exhaustive identification and quantification of substances is impractical. Therefore, ecotoxicological testing of soils can be used for investigating the poten
25、tial toxicity of complex chemical mixtures. The extrapolation from laboratory tests to field conditions requires adequate consideration of important environmental factors within the test conditions and the selection of suitable ecotoxicological endpoints. This International Standard is one of a seri
26、es providing guidance on soils and soil materials in relation to certain functions and uses, including wildlife conservation, and ought to be read in conjunction with those other standards. BSISO15799:2003blank BSISO15799:2003INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS:99751 O3002(E)I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr 1Soi
27、l quality Guidance on the ecotoxicological characterization of soils and soil materials 1 Scope This International Standard provides guidance on the selection of experimental methods for the assessment of the ecotoxic potential of soils and soil materials (e.g. excavated and remediated soils, refill
28、s, embankments) with respect to their intended use and possible adverse effects on aquatic and soil-dwelling organisms, and habitat maintenance and the retention function of the soil. It does not cover tests for bioaccumulation. Genotoxicity tests using eukaryotic organisms in soils are not yet avai
29、lable. It is not applicable to the ecological assessment of uncontaminated soils with a view to natural, agricultural or horticultural use, such soils being of possible interest where they can serve as a reference for the assessment of soils from contaminated sites. Nor is the interpretation of the
30、results gained by application of the proposed methods within its scope. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 Types of soil and other soil materials 2.1.1 soil upper layer of the Earths crust composed of mineral particles, organic m
31、atter, water, air and organisms ISO 11074-1:1996, definition 5.4 2.1.2 soil material excavated soil, dredged materials, manufactured soils, treated soils and fill materials ISO 15176:2002, definition 3.1.4 2.1.3 excavated soil any natural material excavated from the ground, including top soil, sub s
32、oil, altered parent rock and parent rock itself NOTE Excavated soil typically arises during construction works. ISO 15176:2002, definition 3.1.5 2.1.4 standard soil field-collected soil whose main properties (e.g. pH, texture, organic matter content) are within a known range EXAMPLE Eurosoils 34 . B
33、SISO15799:2003IS:99751 O3002(E) 2 I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr2.2 Terms relating to soil characteristics 2.2.1 habitat function ability of soils/soil materials to serve as a habitat for micro-organisms, plants, soil-living animals and their interactions (biocenoses) 2.2.2 retention function ability
34、 of soils/soil materials to adsorb pollutants in such that they cannot be mobilized via the water pathway and translocated into the food chain NOTE The habitat and retention functions include the following soil functions according to ISO 11074-1: control of substance and energy cycles as components
35、of ecosystems; basis for the life of plants, animals and humans; carrier of genetic reservoir; basis for the production of agricultural products; buffer inhibiting movement of water, contaminants or other agents into the ground water. 2.2.3 pollutant substance or agent present in the soil which due
36、to its properties, amount or concentration causes adverse impact on soil functions or soil use cf. contaminant (2.2.4), potentially harmful substance (2.2.5) ISO 15176:2002, definition 3.2.7 NOTE See Introduction to ISO 11074-1:1996. 2.2.4 contaminant substance or agent present in soil as a result o
37、f human activity cf. pollutant (2.2.3), potentially harmful substance (2.2.5) NOTE There is no assumption in this definition that harm results from the presence of the contaminant. ISO 15176:2002, definition 3.2.6 2.2.5 potentially harmful substance substance which, when present in sufficient concen
38、tration or amount, may be harmful to humans or the environment NOTE It may be present as a result of human activity contaminant (2.2.4) or naturally. ISO 15176:2002, definition 3.2.8 2.3 Land and sites 2.3.1 re-use useful and harmless utilization of soil materials NOTE In the context of this Interna
39、tional Standard the re-use means the transfer of soil materials to another location for use in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, gardens, recreational areas and construction sites. ISO 15176:2002, term 3.4.1 BSISO15799:2003IS:99751 O3002(E) I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr 33 Field of application 3.
40、1 Soils and areas of soil use where ecotoxicological tests should be considered: assessment of the ability of a soil to sustain a natural biocenosis or agriculture; assessment of the combined ecotoxicity of all bioavailable contaminants present in soils or soil materials; assessment of the ecotoxici
41、ty of potentially harmful substances in cases where the soil or soil material can affect the ground and surface water; identification of soils or soil materials (refills, embankments) having a low degree of contamination usually within a depth of 1 m and which can remain at the site without further
42、treatment; detection of potential ecotoxicity which could not be traced by chemical analysis; monitoring and control of the success of soil treatment (off-site, on-site, in situ); monitoring and control of soils/soil materials that have been decontaminated and are to be applied at the surface. 3.2 S
43、oils and areas of soil use where ecotoxicological tests are not necessary (provided groundwater contamination can be excluded): contaminated soils classified as hazardous waste or which can be characterized clearly by chemical/analytical parameters, in which cases ecotoxicological testing could be u
44、seful for a final investigation after remediation and for process control during biological remediation; commercially/industrially used areas with no prospect of horticultural/agricultural use; soil materials or backfilled materials in an area to be effectively sealed by covering with buildings or o
45、ther forms of low permeability cover such as concrete or tarmacadam or asphalt. 4 Selection of tests according to use/re-use of soils and soil materials and soil functions 4.1 Use of ecotoxicity tests Toxicants can affect different species (and in some cases genotypes) present within ecosystems at d
46、ifferent concentrations. The ideal approach for the precise ecotoxicological characterization of the soil toxicity is to use a battery of tests with several species belonging to different taxonomic and trophic groups, in order to avoid false negative results owing to an adaptation of a test system (
47、genotypic shift) to a specific contaminant as compared to uncontaminated soils. Studies using field or semi-field investigations are rarely carried out and can be very expensive. The ideal scheme can be rendered more practicable by the adoption of simpler testing strategies and the application of sa
48、fety factors to the results obtained. If, however, testing is performed on one species or function only, the high diversity in the sensitivity of species to toxicants will result in a high level of uncertainty. It is therefore recommended to test at least a microbial process, a species from the plan
49、t kingdom, and one from the animal kingdom, usually a saprophagous/detritivorous species; if more than one animal species is tested, a predatory species should be included in the test battery. The minimum number of species to be tested depends on the regulations to which the test strategy must comply. This International Standard only gives the basic principles for their use. Further considerations to th
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