1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 16000-3:2011Indoor airPart 3: Determination of formaldehyde andother carbonyl compounds in indoor air andtest chamber air Active sampling methodBS ISO 16000-3:2011 BRITISH
2、 STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 16000-3:2011. It supersedes BS ISO 16000-3:2001, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to T e c h n i c a l C o m m i t t e e E H / 2 / 3 , A m b i e n t a t m o s p h e r e s .A list o
3、f organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011 ISBN 978 0 580 66022 1 ICS 13.040.20 Compliance with a Britis
4、h Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 16000-3:2011Reference numberISO 16000-3:2011(E)ISO
5、 2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO16000-3Second edition2011-10-15Indoor air Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in indoor air and test chamber air Active sampling method Air intrieur Partie 3: Dosage du formaldhyde et dautres composs carbonyls dans lair intrieur et dans l
6、air des chambres dessai Mthode par chantillonnage actif BS ISO 16000-3:2011ISO 16000-3:2011(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2011 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, inclu
7、ding photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Publish
8、ed in Switzerland ii ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 16000-3:2011ISO 16000-3:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction vi 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 2 3 Principle . 2 4 Limitations and interferences 2 5 Safety measures 3 6 Apparatus . 4 7 Reagents and ma
9、terials 7 8 Preparation of reagents and cartridges 7 9 Procedure . 10 10 Calculations . 19 11 Performance criteria and quality assurance 20 12 Precision and uncertainty 22 13 Test report 22 Annex A (informative) Precision and uncertainty 23 Annex B (informative) Melting points of DNPH-carbonyl deriv
10、atives . 25 Bibliography 26 BS ISO 16000-3:2011ISO 16000-3:2011(E) iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally ca
11、rried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work
12、. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare Intern
13、ational Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the
14、 elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16000-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 6, Indoor air. This second edition cancels and replaces the first
15、edition (ISO 16000-3:2001), which has been technically revised. ISO 16000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Indoor air: Part 1: General aspects of sampling strategy Part 2: Sampling strategy for formaldehyde Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in
16、 indoor air and test chamber air Active sampling method Part 4: Determination of formaldehyde Diffusive sampling method Part 5: Sampling strategy for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling on Tenax TAsor
17、bent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS or MS-FID Part 7: Sampling strategy for determination of airborne asbestos fibre concentrations Part 8: Determination of local mean ages of air in buildings for characterizing ventilation conditions Part 9: Determination of the emission of vol
18、atile organic compounds from building products and furnishing Emission test chamber method Part 10: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and furnishing Emission test cell method Part 11: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from bu
19、ilding products and furnishing Sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens Part 12: Sampling strategy for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) BS ISO 16000-3:2
20、011ISO 16000-3:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved v Part 13: Determination of total (gas and particle-phase) polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) Collection on sorbent-backed filters Part 14: Determination of total (gas and
21、particle-phase) polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) Extraction, clean-up and analysis by high-resolution gas chromatography and mass spectrometry Part 15: Sampling strategy for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Part 16: Detection and en
22、umeration of moulds Sampling by filtration Part 17: Detection and enumeration of moulds Culture-based method Part 18: Detection and enumeration of moulds Sampling by impaction Part 19: Sampling strategy for moulds Part 23: Performance test for evaluating the reduction of formaldehyde concentrations
23、by sorptive building materials Part 24: Performance test for evaluating the reduction of volatile organic compound (except formaldehyde) concentrations by sorptive building materials Part 25: Determination of the emission of semi-volatile organic compounds by building products Micro-chamber method P
24、art 26: Sampling strategy for carbon dioxide (CO2) Part 28: Determination of odour emissions from building products using test chambers The following parts are under preparation: Part 21: Detection and enumeration of moulds Sampling from materials Part 27: Determination of settled fibrous dust on su
25、rfaces by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) (direct method) Part 29: Test methods for VOC detectors Part 30: Sensory testing of indoor air Part 31: Measurement of flame retardants and plasticizers based on organophosphorus compounds Phosphoric acid ester Part 32: Investigation of constructions on p
26、ollutants and other injurious factors Inspections BS ISO 16000-3:2011ISO 16000-3:2011(E) vi ISO 2011 All rights reservedIntroduction This part of ISO 16000 is intended to be used for characterizing indoor air following the sampling strategy specified in ISO 16000-2. It is applicable to formaldehyde
27、and other carbonyl compounds. It has been tested for 14 aldehydes and ketones. Formaldehyde is the simplest carbonyl compound, with one carbon, one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms. In its monomolecular state, it is a colourless, pungent, reactive gas. It has been used in the production of urea-formald
28、ehyde resins, adhesives, and insulating foams. Emissions from particle (chip) board and wall insulation are the major sources of formaldehyde in indoor air. Formaldehyde is collected by passing air through a reactive medium that converts the compound to a derivative of lower vapour pressure that is
29、more efficiently retained by the sampler and can be easily analysed. This part of ISO 16000 determines formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds by reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine coated on to a sorbent to convert them to their corresponding hydrazones, which can be recovered and measured w
30、ith high sensitivity, precision, and accuracy. Other carbonyl compounds that may be emitted into air from solvents, adhesives, cosmetics, and other sources can also be determined using this part of ISO 16000. The sampling procedure is based on US EPA method TO-11A12. Formaldehyde and certain other c
31、arbonyl compounds have a high toxic potential15. ISO 1601778and ISO 1221926also focus on volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements. BS ISO 16000-3:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16000-3:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1Indoor air Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compo
32、unds in indoor air and test chamber air Active sampling method WARNING Persons using this part of ISO 16000 should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This part of ISO 16000 does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
33、the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions. 1 Scope This part of ISO 16000 specifies a determination of formaldehyde (HCHO) and other carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones)1in air. The method is specific to forma
34、ldehyde but, with modification, at least 12 other aromatic as well as saturated and unsaturated aliphatic carbonyl compounds can be detected and quantified. It is suitable for determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in the approximate concentration range 1 g/m3to 1 mg/m3. The samp
35、ling method gives a time-weighted average (TWA) sample. It can be used for long-term (1 h to 24 h) or short-term (5 min to 60 min) sampling of air for formaldehyde. This part of ISO 16000 specifies a sampling and analysis procedure for formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds that involves collecti
36、on from air on to adsorbent cartridges coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and subsequent analysis of the hydrazones formed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with detection by ultraviolet absorption12,16. The method is not suitable for longer chained or unsaturated carbonyl
37、compounds. This part of ISO 16000 applies to the determination of: acetaldehyde acetone benzaldehyde butyraldehyde capronaldehyde 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde formaldehyde isovaleraldehyde propionaldehyde m -tolualdehyde o -tolualdehyde p -tolualdehyde valeraldehyde 1 Instead of systematic IUPAC nomencl
38、ature, traditional names are used in this part of ISO 16000. Some equivalent names are: acetaldehyde: ethanal acetone: 2-propanone butyraldehyde: butanal capronaldehyde: hexanal formaldehyde: methanal isovaleraldehyde: 3-methylbutanal propionaldehyde: propanal m -tolualdehyde: 3-methylbenzaldehydeo
39、-tolualdehyde: 2-methylbenzaldehyde p -tolualdehyde: 4-methylbenzaldehyde valeraldehyde: pentanal BS ISO 16000-3:2011ISO 16000-3:2011(E) 2 ISO 2011 All rights reserved2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference
40、s, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories 3 Principle The method specified in this part of ISO 16000 invol
41、ves drawing air through a cartridge containing silica gel coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) reagent. The principle of the method is based on the specific reaction of a carbonyl group with DNPH in the presence of an acid to form stable derivatives according to the reaction shown in Figure
42、 1. The DNPH derivatives are analysed for the parent aldehydes and ketones utilizing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection or diode array detection. The detection has been extended to other carbonyl compounds that can be determined as outlined in 9.3.5. This part of ISO 160
43、00 instructs the user on how to prepare sampling cartridges from commercially available chromatographic grade silica gel cartridges by the application of acidified DNPH to each cartridge. Alternatively, pre-coated DNPH silica gel cartridges are available and are recommended since they are generally
44、more uniform in manufacture and possess lower blank levels. However, if commercial cartridges are used, they shall be demonstrated to meet the performance criteria of this part of ISO 16000. Another advantage of commercial cartridges is that they are available with larger particle size silica gel th
45、at results in a lower pressure drop across the cartridge. These low pressure drop cartridges may be more suitable for sampling air using battery-powered personal sampling pumps. Carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) DNPH derivative Key R, R H, alkyl group, aromatic
46、 group Figure 1 Reaction of carbonyl compounds to form 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones 4 Limitations and interferences 4.1 General The sampling flow rate specified in this part of ISO 16000 has been validated for sampling rates up to 1,5 l/min. This flow rate limitation is principally due to the high pr
47、essure drop (8 kPa at 1,0 l/min) across the user-prepared silica gel cartridges, which have particle sizes of 55 m to 105 m. These cartridges are not generally compatible with battery-powered pumps used in personal sampling equipment (e.g. those used by industrial hygienists). The solid-sorbent samp
48、ling procedure is specific for sampling and analysis of formaldehyde. Interferences in this method are caused by certain isomeric aldehydes or ketones that may be unresolved by the HPLC system when analysing for other aldehydes and ketones. Any organic compounds that have the same retention times an
49、d significant absorbance at 360 nm as the DNPH derivative of formaldehyde interfere. Such interferences can often be overcome by altering the separation conditions (e.g. using alternative HPLC columns or mobile phase compositions). BS ISO 16000-3:2011ISO 16000-3:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 3Formaldehyde contamination of the DNPH reagent is a frequently encountered problem. The DNPH shall be purified by mult
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