1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 16159:2012Space systems Launch padand integration site Facility,system and equipment failureanalysisBS ISO 16159:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standar
2、d is the UK implementation of ISO 16159:2012.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ACE/68/-/3, Space systems and operations - Operationsand Ground Support.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publi
3、cation does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 69933 7ICS 49.140Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
4、legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 16159:2012 ISO 2012Space systems Launch pad and integration site Facility, system and equipment failur
5、e analysisSystmes spatiaux Aire de lancement et site dintgration Analyse de dfaillance des installations, du systme et de lquipementINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO16159First edition2012-08-15Reference numberISO 16159:2012(E)BS ISO 16159:2012ISO 16159:2012(E)ii ISO 2012 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECT
6、ED DOCUMENT ISO 2012All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs membe
7、r body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 16159:2012ISO 16159:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction
8、 v1 Scope 12 Terms and definitions . 13 General provisions 24 Methods of analysis 35 Documentation and distribution of the failure analysis results . 56 Preventive actions . 6Annex A (informative) Possible corrective actions . 7Bibliography . 8BS ISO 16159:2012ISO 16159:2012(E)ForewordISO (the Inter
9、national Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has
10、been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical st
11、andardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies fo
12、r voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
13、 such patent rights.ISO 16159 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee SC 14, Space systems and operations.iv ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 16159:2012ISO 16159:2012(E)IntroductionFailure of the launch pad or integration site facility, system or eq
14、uipment during acceptance testing or operation can be catastrophic. Failure of the facility, systems or equipment can damage flight or ground hardware and injure personnel. Failures need to be thoroughly investigated in order to prevent future failures, damage and injuries. In order to investigate f
15、ailures of launch pad or integration site facilities, systems or equipment, adequate processes and procedures must be employed to thoroughly analyse and determine the cause of the failure. Identification of failure causes is necessary to implement changes to the facility, system and equipment in ord
16、er to prevent a recurrence of the failure and the resulting damage or injury. This International Standard establishes procedures for determining the causes of facility, system and equipment failures and preventing such failures. ISO 2012 All rights reserved vBS ISO 16159:2012BS ISO 16159:2012Space s
17、ystems Launch pad and integration site Facility, system and equipment failure analysis1 ScopeThis International Standard establishes procedures for the analysis of failures that occur during the acceptance testing or operation of launch pad and integration site facilities, systems and equipment. The
18、 procedures define the processes for investigating, analysing and identifying the probable causes of failures, and for developing corrective actions to preclude future failures.The purpose of this International Standard is to provide rules for investigating, analysing and identifying the causes of f
19、ailures, sufficient information so that corrective action may be implemented to prevent failure recurrence, and a uniform method for maintaining records of the findings of all failure causes so as to provide information for other failure investigations.2 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this
20、 document, the following terms and definitions apply.2.1complexlaunch pad or integration siteISO 26870:2009, definition 3.22.2discrepant componentfirst component of a facility, a system or equipment that manifests failureNOTE The discrepant component may or may not be the primary or initial componen
21、t to fail.2.3design documentationdocumentation created by the developer and containing the requirements for the manufacture, fabrication, purchase or production of the components of the facility, system or equipment2.4failuretermination of the ability of an item to perform the function for which it
22、was designedISO 14620-2:2011, definition 3.52.5failure analysissystematic approach to determine, as a minimum, the mode and mechanism of failure via investigative techniques, in order to identify and assess potential root causes and ultimately arrive at the most probable, and to identify and assess
23、potential corrective actions and ultimately recommend/implement the most suitableNOTE Investigative techniques can range from examination in the field to evaluation in the laboratory.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16159:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 16159:2012ISO 16159:2012(E)2.6primary f
24、ailed componentcomponent, the failure of which resulted in the compromised functionality of the component itself, of additional components or of the associated facility, system or equipment2.7failure preconditionpre-existing conditions and circumstances that predispose a component to failureNOTE Fai
25、lure preconditions can include improper design, manufacture or service.2.8functional tracksequence of components on which energy (mechanical, electric, or pressure) is transferred from the primary failed component to the discrepant component2.9integration siteequipment and facility designed for laun
26、ch vehicle storage, assembly, testing, preparation, maintenance, servicing and preparation for transportation to the launch padISO/TR 17400:2003, definition 3.12.10launch padequipment and facility designed to provide for the pre-launch and launch operations of spacecraftISO/TR 17400:2003, definition
27、 3.32.11normative documentationspecifications, standards, rules or instructions, to which adherence is required through citation in the design documentation or the construction, fabrication, manufacture, purchase or production documentation for the manufacture and operation of the facility, system o
28、r equipment2.12production documentationdocumentation created by the facility, system or equipment contractor, which establishes the requirements for construction, fabrication, manufacture or purchase of the facility, system, equipment or component2.13root causeprimal condition, event or circumstance
29、, or initiating cause, that is ultimately responsible for the occurrence of a failure3 General provisions3.1 For each component involved in the facility, system or equipment that failed, the following records shall be evaluated: design documentation; normative documentation; production documentation
30、; acceptance test certificates and reports; cogent reports, log-books, schedules and certifications.3.2 The failure analysis shall be carried out by a team of experts.2 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 16159:2012ISO 16159:2012(E)3.3 The failure analysis team shall be given the task of investigatin
31、g a failure by the facility, system, equipment or component developer or manufacturer, if the failure occurred prior to the deployment of the facility, system or equipment, or the customer, if failure occurred after the facility, system or equipment was deployed.3.4 The failure analysis team shall i
32、nclude representatives of the facility, system or equipment developer and manufacturer and typically also includes representatives of the operator, the component developer, the component manufacturer, the assembly organization, the maintenance organization, the expert on quality assurance, and the c
33、ustomer.3.5 The following shall also be considered when selecting the failure analysis team experts: type of facility, system or equipment; type of discrepant component failure (e.g. structural, mechanical or electrical); symptoms of the failure; availability of information on the conditions prior t
34、o failure; environment and conditions at the failure site.3.6 The operator and the customer shall jointly appoint one of the following to lead the failure analysis team: a representative of the developer, if the failure occurred during testing, or a representative of the customer, developer, or manu
35、facturer, if the failure occurred during operations.3.7 The failure analysis team shall include a safety representative of the manufacturer, if the failure occurred during acceptance testing, or the operational organization, if the failure occurred during operations.4 Methods of analysis4.1 The fail
36、ure analysis process generally includes the following steps or actions:a) gathering of information related to the failure, which applies not only to the failed component but also to the associated facilities, systems and equipment and which can include the following:1) facility, system or equipment;
37、2) discrepant component failure (e.g. structural, mechanical or electrical);3) symptoms of failure;4) information on the conditions at the time of failure; ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 16159:2012ISO 16159:2012(E)5) time and date the failure was discovered;6) stage of operation or acceptance
38、testing during which the failure occurred;7) power system condition;8) environmental conditions;9) service age and guaranteed service life of the facility, system, equipment or component;10) manufacturing and service history;11) potential causes of the failure for related systems, equipment or compo
39、nents;12) events or conditions that could cause a facility, a system, equipment, or a complex as a whole, to fail;b) survey of the site where the failure occurred or was discovered;c) documentation of the operating or performance indicators at the moment of failure;d) selection of design documentati
40、on and production documentation that reveal the chain of events from the primary failed component to the last discrepant component and the operating parameters and conditions of any discrepant components and failed components;e) selection of normative documentation, establishing the operating parame
41、ters and conditions of the discrepant components and the probable failed components (if parameters and conditions are standardized);f) analysis of all the documentation so as to identify all the components in the functional track (and their parameters) whose malfunction or deviation from the documen
42、tation could have caused the failure;g) analysis of failure preconditions discovered during acceptance testing or operation;h) step-by-step disassembly (component by component according to an assembly drawing) of all prospective functional tracks so as to1) examine the component,2) record the failur
43、e indications,3) measure component parameters,4) compare component parameters and failure indications with documented requirements, and5) document the discrepancies;NOTE Disassembly can be stopped once the cause of failure has been found and verified.i) definition of the failure and cause of the mal
44、function in the discrepant component;j) definition of corrective actions; k) definition of preventive actions.4.2 The process outlined in 4.1 may be tailored or supplemented by other operations that are deemed necessary in order to respond more effectively to the particular facility, system, equipme
45、nt or component.Depending on the nature of the failure, the procedures established in this International Standard can be reduced.4.3 Operations may be divided or combined depending on the characteristics of the facility, system, equipment or component.4 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 16159:2012I
46、SO 16159:2012(E)5 Documentation and distribution of the failure analysis results5.1 The final report of the failure analysis shall contain at least the following:a) date of submission;b) name of the organization where the analysis was performed;c) name and part number of the facilities, systems, equ
47、ipment and components subjected to the analysis;d) document appointing a failure analysis team (number, date and name, position and signature of the appointing authority);e) composition of the failure analysis team;f) details of the failure, including1) the place, date and time the failure was disco
48、vered,2) the discrepant failure and its function,3) the symptoms of failure,4) the effects of failure on the facility, system, equipment or complex as a whole,5) the stage of operation or acceptance testing during which the failure occurred,6) the environmental conditions,7) the facility, system or
49、equipment operating time,8) the guaranteed service life of the facility, system or equipment,9) the component operating time,10) the guaranteed service life of the component,11) the conditions at the time of failure,12) the probable cause (as assessed by the failure analysis team), and13) the applicable laboratory analysis and findings;g) work products of the failure analysis team, including1) list of documentation analysed for each functional track,2) list of possible discrepant failures identified as
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