BS ISO 16165-2013 Ships and marine technology Marine environment protection Terminology relating to oil spill response《船舶与海洋技术 海洋环境保护 溢油处理相关术语》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 16165:2013Ships and marine technology Marine environmentprotection Terminologyrelating to oil spill responseBS ISO 16165:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British

2、 Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 16165:2013. Itsupersedes BS ISO 16165:2001 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee SME/32/-/2, Ships and marine technology - Maritimeenvironment protection.A list of organizations represented on this com

3、mittee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 74920 9ICS 01.040.1

4、3; 13.020.40; 47.020.99Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 16165:2013 ISO 201

5、3Ships and marine technology Marine environment protection Terminology relating to oil spill responseNavires et technologie maritime Protection de lenvironnement marin Terminologie relative la rponse aux dversements de ptroleINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO16165Second edition2013-05-15Reference numberISO 1

6、6165:2013(E)BS ISO 16165:2013ISO 16165:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including phot

7、ocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47

8、E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 16165:2013ISO 16165:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Terms and definitions . 12.1 Oil/oil slick properties . 12.2 Oil classification . 22.3 Environmental conditions . 32.4 A

9、ssessment techniques 42.5 Sampling . 42.6 Containment 42.7 Recovery . 92.8 Dispersant use 112.9 Removal by in situ burning . 122.10 Shoreline cleanup 132.11 Disposal 162.12 Spill management 17Annex A Index .23Bibliography .32BS ISO 16165:2013ISO 16165:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organizati

10、on for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established ha

11、s the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The p

12、rocedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the edit

13、orial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directivesAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights ide

14、ntified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patentsAny trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.The committee responsibl

15、e for this document is ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, Subcommittee SC 2, Marine environment protection.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 16165:2001) which has been technically revised.iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 16165:2013ISO 16165:2013(E)IntroductionC

16、ommunication is important in the implementation of an effective oil spill response and this communication will be most effective if there is common understanding of the terms used. Many of the terms and definitions listed here have been widely used for many years, while others are the result of rece

17、nt experience. The gradual evolution of our understanding of oil spill behaviour and response measures means that oil spill terminology will continue to develop. ISO 2013 All rights reserved vBS ISO 16165:2013BS ISO 16165:2013Ships and marine technology Marine environment protection Terminology rela

18、ting to oil spill response1 ScopeThis International Standard contains terms and definitions relating to oil spills and their control. This International Standard provides standardized terminology relating to oil spill response, defined as the broad range of activities related to spill cleanup, inclu

19、ding surveillance and assessment, containment, recovery, dispersant use, in situ burning, shoreline cleanup and disposal.2 Terms and definitionsNOTE In developing this International Standard, an attempt was made to use existing definitions wherever possible. For example, comprehensive terminology is

20、 available on containment booms, performance of recovery skimmers and on bioremediation, as provided by the publications of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response. Other areas had less coverage by standards organizations and

21、 gaps were filled through a review of a variety of sources. In this International Standard, whenever another published source serves as the primary basis for a definition, this source is indicated by an abbreviated code. The complete citations for these codes are provided in the Biblography.2.1 Oil/

22、oil slick properties2.1.1crude oilnaturally occurring form of petroleum, mainly occurring in a porous underground formation such as sandstoneISO 1998-99:20002.1.2emulsificationprocess in which microscopic droplets of water are mixed in the oil, or vice versa2.1.3emulsionmixture of oil and water in w

23、hich droplets are interspersed in varying concentrations throughout the oil, or vice versa, formed when these fluids are mixed by mechanical or hydraulic actionNote 1 to entry: Emulsions are more precisely referred to as water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions. Water-in-oil emulsions are sometimes re

24、ferred to as a “mousse”.2.1.4environmental fateform and location of a material resulting from transport and transformationASTM E 943-082.1.5heavy shoreline oilingpooled deposits or a layer of surface oil2.1.6moderate/light shoreline oilingsheen or film of surface oilINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16165:

25、2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 16165:2013ISO 16165:2013(E)2.1.7petroleum oilmaterial consisting of, or derived from, a mixture of liquid or semi-solid organic compounds, principally hydrocarbonsISO 1998-99:20002.1.8pour pointlowest temperature at which a sample of petroleum product wil

26、l continue to flow when it is cooled under specified standard conditionsISO 3016:1994, definition 2.12.1.9relative viscositymeasured viscosity of an emulsion (in any convenient unit) at a given shear rate divided by the measured viscosity of the oil at the same shear rateNote 1 to entry: It is impor

27、tant to report the shear rate used in the viscosity measurements of the emulsion and the water-free oil.ASTM F 873-84:20032.1.10sheenvery thin oil slick with a silvery or rainbow-coloured appearance and a thickness of less than 0,001 mm2.1.11specific gravityratio of the mass of a given volume of liq

28、uid at 15 C to the mass of an equal volume of fresh water at the same temperatureASTM D 4410-032.1.12viscositymeasure of the resistance to flow or deformation of a liquidISO 3104:19942.1.13windrowsnarrow bands of oil, generally aligned with the wind direction, typical of an oil slick after several h

29、ours of exposure (or days for very large spills)2.2 Oil classification2.2.1group I oilnon-persistent oilpetroleum-based oil that consists of hydrocarbon fractions, at least 50 % of which distil at a temperature of 340 C and at least 95 % of which distil at a temperature of 370 C2.2.2group II oilpers

30、istent oil with a specific gravity of less than 0,852.2.3group III oilpersistent oil with a specific gravity equal to or greater than 0,85 and less than 0,952 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 16165:2013ISO 16165:2013(E)2.2.4group IV oilpersistent oil with a specific gravity equal to or greater tha

31、n 0,95 and less than 1,002.2.5group V oilpersistent oil with a specific gravity equal to or greater than 1,002.2.6persistent oilpetroleum-based oil that does not meet the distillation criteria for a group I oil2.3 Environmental conditions2.3.1air temperatureaverage or point temperature of the air me

32、asured at or near the ground or water surface (C)ASTM F 625-94:20062.3.2currentaverage water speed and direction (i.e. velocity) relative to a fixed reference point (m/s)ASTM F 625-94:20062.3.3debrissolid or semisolid substance that could interfere with the operation of a spill control systemASTM F

33、625-94:20062.3.4significant wave heightaverage height, measured crest to trough, of one-third highest waves, considering only short-period wavesNote 1 to entry: Short period waves for a period less than ten seconds (m).ASTM F 625-94:20062.3.5significant wave periodaverage period of the one-third hig

34、hest waves, measured in seconds as the elapsed time between crests of succeeding waves past a fixed point(s)ASTM F 625-94:20062.3.6water temperatureaverage or point temperature (C) of a water body as measured within the top 300 mmASTM F 625-94:20062.3.7wind directiondirection from which the wind is

35、blowingASTM F 625-94:2006 ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 16165:2013ISO 16165:2013(E)2.4 Assessment techniques2.4.1ladder searchaerial surveillance to find and delineate oil slicks, carried out in a direction perpendicular to the wind in order to increase the probability of locating slicks and

36、windrows2.4.2oil spill modellingmathematical prediction of the environmental fate and/or behaviour of an oil spill2.4.3remote sensinguse of sensors to find or delineate oil slicks, potentially utilising mounted sources, such as on ships, aircraft and satellites2.4.4surveillanceresponse activities wi

37、th the purpose of detecting a spill, determining the extent and behaviour of a spill, optimising countermeasures and/or predicting spill movements and effects2.5 Sampling2.5.1chain-of-custody documentationchronological evidence defining the history of an item, such as a sample, and identifying an in

38、dividual responsible for custody of the item at each point in timeASTM D 4840-99:20042.5.2custodyphysical possession or controlNote 1 to entry: A sample is under custody if it is in an individuals possession or under the immediate control of an individual to prevent alteration of characteristics.AST

39、M D 4840-99:20042.6 Containment2.6.1 Floating boom equipment terminologyFigure 1 shows equipment and terminology associated with a floating boom.4 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 16165:2013ISO 16165:2013(E)Key1 boom end connector 5 freeboard2 boom segment 6 draught3 boom section 7 buoyancy chambe

40、r4 water line h overall heightFigure 1 Containment boom equipment2.6.1.1anchor pointstructural point on the end connector or along the length of a boom section designed for the attachment of anchor or mooring lines2.6.1.2barriermeans of controlling the movement of oil or other substances on the wate

41、r or in the water column2.6.1.3boomfloating barrier used to control the movement of substances that float2.6.1.4boom sectionlength of boom between two end connectors2.6.1.5boom segmentrepetitive and similar portion of the boom section2.6.1.6bridledevice attached to a boom to distribute the load exer

42、ted by towing or anchoring the boom2.6.1.7curtain boomboom consisting of a flexible skirt supported by vertical centreline floatation2.6.1.8end connectordevice attached to the boom used for joining boom sections to one another or to accessory devices ISO 2013 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 16165:2013IS

43、O 16165:2013(E)2.6.1.9fence boomboom consisting of a self-supporting or stiffened membrane supported by floating devices2.6.1.10fire resistant boomboom intended for containment of burning oil slicks2.6.1.11inflatable boomboom that uses inflatable chambers, self- or manually-inflatable, as the floata

44、tion devices2.6.1.12shore sealing boomboom that, when grounded, seals against the shoreline2.6.1.13sorbent boomboom containing material or arranged in a form that has absorptive or adsorptive capabilitiesNote 1 to entry: See 2.7.1.3 for definitions of sorbent, absorbent and adsorbent.2.6.1.14special

45、 purpose boomany boom which differs in design and/or purpose from curtain boom (2.6.1.7), fence boom (2.6.1.9), fire resistant boom (2.6.1.10), inflatable boom (2.6.1.11), shore sealing boom (2.6.1.12) or sorbet boom (2.6.1.13)2.6.2 Other containment equipment terminology2.6.2.1bubble barrierin-wate

46、r barrier created by the use of compressed air delivered through a perforated air hose and/or pipe laid sub-surface to produce a controlled stream of air bubbles that rise and expand to form a subsurface air curtainNote 1 to entry: This produces a disturbed surface which combined with the air curtai

47、n contains and/or deflects the oil both on the surface and/or in the water column.2.6.3 Engineering terminology2.6.3.1buoyancy chamberenclosed compartment of air or other buoyant material providing floatation for the boom2.6.3.2gross buoyancyweight of fresh water displaced by an entire boom section

48、when totally submerged2.6.3.3gross buoyancy to weight ratiogross buoyancy divided by boom weight2.6.3.4operational draughtminimum vertical depth of the boom below the water-line in the working condition2.6.3.5operational freeboardminimum vertical height of the boom above the water-line in the workin

49、g condition6 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 16165:2013ISO 16165:2013(E)2.6.3.6operational heightsum of operational draught and operational freeboard2.6.3.7overall heightmaximum vertical dimension of a boom2.6.3.8reserve buoyancygross buoyancy minus boom weight2.6.4 Operational terminology2.6.4.1boom planingheeling over of a boom with a resultant loss of draught2.6.4.2boom submergencecontainment failure due to loss of freeboard2.6.4.3bridging failureportions of a boom emerging from the wa