1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 16856:2013Ships and marine technology Loose gear of liftingappliances on ships HooksBS ISO 16856:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 16856:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCo
2、mmittee SME/32/-/4, Ships and marine technology - Outfitting anddeck machinery.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correc
3、tapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 75009 0ICS 47.020.40; 47.020.50Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and
4、 Strategy Committee on 28 February 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 16856:2013 ISO 2013Ships and marine technology Loose gear of lifting appliances on ships HooksNavires et technologie maritime Accessoires mobiles des appareils de levage sur les navires CrocsINTERNATI
5、ONAL STANDARDISO16856First edition2013-12-15Reference numberISO 16856:2013(E)BS ISO 16856:2013ISO 16856:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in a
6、ny form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postal
7、e 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 16856:2013ISO 16856:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Types . 14.1 Commo
8、n hook types . 14.2 Other types (E-shaped) . 14.3 Model designation 24.4 Locking device requirement 25 Technical requirements 25.1 Materials . 25.2 Forging and heat treatment . 35.3 Surface and internal quality of hooks 35.4 Tests 35.5 Inspection 45.6 Other requirements 46 Marking 47 Storage and tra
9、nsportation . 58 Use and maintenance . 5Annex A (informative) Types and basic parameters of common hooks 6BS ISO 16856:2013ISO 16856:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of prepari
10、ng International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in lia
11、ison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Dir
12、ectives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that s
13、ome of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent decla
14、rations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information ab
15、out ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, Subcommittee SC 4, Outfitting and deck machinery.iv ISO 2013 All rights r
16、eservedBS ISO 16856:2013INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16856:2013(E)Ships and marine technology Loose gear of lifting appliances on ships Hooks1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies the types and basic parameters, technical requirements, marking, storage, and transportation, use and maintenance of
17、 hooks as loose gear of lifting appliances on ships.This International Standard is applicable to lifting appliances on ships.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references
18、, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 1837, Lifting hooks NomenclatureISO 16855, Ships and marine technology Loose gear of lifting appliances on ships General requirements3 Terms and definitionsF
19、or the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16855 and ISO 1837 apply.4 Types4.1 Common hook types4.1.1 Shank hook with point (S-shaped)For the shapes and dimensions of a shank hook with point, see A.1.4.1.2 Shank ramshorn hook (D-shaped)For the shapes and dimensions of a
20、 shank ramshorn hook, see A.2.4.1.3 C-hook (C-shaped)For the shapes and dimensions of a C-hook, see A.3.4.2 Other types (E-shaped)Types of hooks in ISO 1837 other than common hook types that can also be used as ship hooks fall under E-shaped. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 16856:2013ISO 16856:
21、2013(E)4.3 Model designationFigureEXAMPLE Designation of a shank hook with point with 20 t SWL:Hook ISO 16856 H-S204.4 Locking device requirementVarious types of hooks shall be provided with automatic locking devices.5 Technical requirements5.1 Materials5.1.1 Hook materials must use solid steel manu
22、factured by Martin furnaces, electric furnaces, or oxygen top-blown converters; it is recommended to use the electroslag remelting process.5.1.2 For the chemical composition of hook materials, see Table 1. Other materials can be used (see 5.6).Table 1 Chemical composition of hook materialsMaterialsC
23、hemical composition (heat analysis) %C Si Mn P S Cr AlCarbon steel 0,170,24 0,170,35 0,450,80 0,035 0,035 0,030 0,025Carbon-man-ganese steel0,170,24 0,200,35 1,201,50 0,035 0,035 0,030 0,0255.1.3 For the mechanical properties of hook materials, see Table 2. Other mechanical properties can be used (s
24、ee 5.6).2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 16856:2013ISO 16856:2013(E)Table 2 Mechanical properties of hook materialsMaterialsMechanical propertiesTensile strength RmMPaYield point ReHMPaElongation A %Impact energy AKJDiameters or thicknesses of steel mm100 16 16 40 4060 50 100 60Carbon steel 4024
25、90 255 245 235 22 48Carbon-man-ganese steel510608 353 343 333 22 41NOTE 1 The values listed in this table refer to mechanical properties at normal temperature.NOTE 2 For diameters or thicknesses 60 mm, the impact energy and yield point under strain aging conditions are determined by the supplier and
26、 the purchaser based on demand.If materials have no obvious yield points, the yield point ReHshall be the yield strength RP0,2.5.1.4 When the design temperature of lifting appliances on ships is below 10 C, the impact energy test temperature of hook materials shall satisfy the requirements of relate
27、d organizations, such as classification societies.5.2 Forging and heat treatment5.2.1 The forging ratio of forged pieces shall be no less than 3 during the use of steel ingot and no less than 1,5 during the use of steel billet.5.2.2 Heat treatment must be made after hook forging to achieve the prope
28、rties specified in 5.1, with no more than three times of heat treatment.5.3 Surface and internal quality of hooks5.3.1 The surface of hooks shall be smooth and clean, without any defect such as burrs, cracks, folding, and burning.5.3.2 Inside hooks, there shall be no cracks, fish eyes, or other defe
29、cts such as impurities that affect their safe use. For other defects, such as impurities, allowed to exist, the following provisions shall be met: for single defects, the equivalent diameter shall be no more than 5 mm; for scattered defects, it is expected that the equivalent diameter shall be no mo
30、re than 3 mm and the distributed length shall be no more than 30 mm.5.3.3 Defects in hooks cannot be rewelded.5.4 Tests5.4.1 Every hook shall be proof tested, with test loads given in Table 3. Proof load shall be applied to each hook with a testing machine or test weight for a duration of not less t
31、han 5 min. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 16856:2013ISO 16856:2013(E)Table 3 Proof load for hooksSafe working load (SWL) kNProof load (PL) kN245 2 SWL245 1,22 SWL + 1965.4.2 After proof testing, each hook shall be thoroughly examined for deformation, cracks, or other defects and to ensure that
32、 its rotating parts can rotate freely.5.4.3 The proof load can be applied to a shank ramshorn hook as indicated in Figure 1 a) or Figure 1 b), but in the latter case, an additional load of half the proof load is to be subsequently applied, as shown in Figure 1 c).Figure 1 Proof testing of shank rams
33、horn hook5.5 Inspection5.5.1 Inspection shall be made after the production of hooks to ensure that the surface and internal quality satisfies the requirements of 5.3, and the requirements of 5.4.2 after the test.5.5.2 For hooks that pass the test, the manufacturer shall provide technical documents s
34、uch as certifications.5.6 Other requirementsFor hooks (type or SWL, materials) beyond common types, strength shall be calculated during the design. The calculations of hook stress are checked based on the curved beam theory, in which the safety factor of the allowable stress to the yield limit of ma
35、terials is no less than 1,55. Commercially available forged hooks that meet industry standards in terms of SWL, design factor, forging reduction, heat treatment, testing, and inspection are acceptable as agreed on by the supplier and the purchaser.6 Marking6.1 Marks of hooks shall be permanently dis
36、tinct with the following items:a) safe working load, in t;b) test load, in kN;c) test date;4 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 16856:2013ISO 16856:2013(E)d) hook number;e) manufacturers stamp or the stamp of test unit.6.2 Hooks shall be marked at their broad space, but not at their bends, for check
37、.6.3 For hooks of a small size, should the place where marking is restricted, the marks of number and date can be eliminated.7 Storage and transportation7.1 During storage, the machined surfaces of hooks that pass the test shall be painted with anti-rust oil, and their non-machined surfaces shall be
38、 painted with anti-rust paint.7.2 Secure packaging shall be made for hooks to prevent collision during transportation.8 Use and maintenance8.1 Upon installation on the lifting appliances, hooks shall be checked before each use, with major check items as follows:a) wear;b) normal operation of moving
39、parts;c) good lubrication;d) no abnormal conditions such as loose fixed parts or defects;e) no crack, scratch, and heat damage, including welding slag or arc striking mark, in hook bodies.8.2 Hook defects found during the check shall be repaired and cannot be used until confirmation by an experience
40、d personnel. Hooks shall be scrapped under the following circumstances:a) there are defects in the hooks, such as crack, heat damage, including welding slag or arc striking mark, which prevent them from use;b) the dimension of the worn moving part reaches 10 % of its total dimension. ISO 2013 All ri
41、ghts reserved 5BS ISO 16856:2013ISO 16856:2013(E)Annex A (informative) Types and basic parameters of common hooksA.1 Shank hook with point (S-shaped)For the shapes and dimensions of a shank hook with point, see Figure A.1 and Table A.1.Figure A.1 Shapes of a shank hook with pointA.2 Shank ramshorn h
42、ook (D-shaped)For the shapes and dimensions of a shank ramshorn hook, see Figure A.2 and Table A.2.6 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 16856:2013ISO 16856:2013(E)Figure A.2 Shapes of a shank ramshorn hookA.3 C-hook (C-shaped)For the shapes and dimensions of a C-hook, see Figure A.3 and Table A.3. I
43、SO 2013 All rights reserved 7BS ISO 16856:2013ISO 16856:2013(E)Figure A.3 Shapes of a C-hook8 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 16856:2013ISO 16856:2013(E)TableA.1 Dimensions of a shank hook with pointSWLta1a2a3d1d2d3b1b2h1h2er1r2r3r4r5r6r7flmmm0,53628412016M1622192824743556434240752214217143344924
44、20M202924373189467448534890261642025040573024M2438324840105589655656010631194243,25645643630M304538564811869112607668118352213056350724236M3653456758132710134659078132402503587156804842M426353806714881216071103901504528239108063905345M457160907516591418080114100170512154412,590711016050TY506a8067100
45、85185101620090131112190573755516100801126756TY5069075112952101118224100146125212644136020112901277564TY648100851251062211220250651631402364644666251251001428572TY728112951401182521422280701821602655350575321401121609580TY801012510616013228016253208020418030058576834016012518010690TY90101401181801503
46、30182836090232200335686459250180140202118100TY1001216013220017036020324001002622243757471610263200160225132110TY11012180150224190400223644811529225042580788112aTY refers to trapezoidal knuckle thread. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 9BS ISO 16856:2013ISO 16856:2013(E)TableA.2 Dimensions of a shank rams
47、horn hookSWLta1b1d1ad3d4ff1elh1h2h3mr1r2r4mm12,571605066010,23014816036575921605597851680675666710,2337561824038510318260108952090756487512,237767192435951161926611910625100857288512,2421782104921061302107512,510118321129580109516,24719023756211814623783141113240125106901010616,253110026562813216326
48、5921612,5150501401181001211820,25981123156961501823151021814170631601321101213220,26721253357681702053351122016190801801501251415020,275414037586319023037512422182121002001701401617025,384216042094421226042013725202361252241901601819025,3944180460107223629246015228222651602502121802021225,3106220051
49、5121226532551517232253002002802362002223625,31186224575135130036457519236283352503152652252426530,31330250645152233540864521540323753203553002502830030,31505280725171437545872523545364254004003352803233530,31685315800196242551580026550404755004503753203637530,3188535587522174755808752955645530aTrapezoidal knuckle thread.10 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 16856:2013ISO 16856:2013(E)TableA.3 Dimensions of a C-hookSWLtb1b2b3defh1h2l1pr1r3s1s2s3
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