BS ISO 17126-2005 Soil quality - Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora - Screening test for emergence of lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa L )《土质 污染物对土壤植物区系影响的测定.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 17126:2005 Soil quality Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora Screening test for emergence of lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa L.) ICS 13.080.30 BS ISO 17126:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy

2、Committee on 4 March 2005 BSI 4 March 2005 ISBN 0 580 45559 9 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 17126:2005 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/4, Soil quality, which has the respo

3、nsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International

4、Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Sta

5、ndard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and Europ

6、ean developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 7 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issu

7、ed. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Reference number ISO 17126:2005(E) OSI 5002INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17126 First edition 2005-02-01 Soil quality Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora Screening test for emergence of lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa

8、L.) Qualit du sol Dtermination des effets des polluants sur la flore du sol Essai de dtection de lmergence des plantules de laitue (Lactuca sativa L.) BSISO17126:2005IS:62171 O5002(E) DPlcsid Fremia ihTs PDF file may ctnoian emdebt dedyfepcaes. In ccaocnadrw eith Aebods licensilop gnic,y this file m

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13、4 + 9 74 E-mail coirypthgiso.o gr We bwww.is.o gro Pulbisdehi n Switlrez dnaii ISO 5002 Allr ithgsr esedevrBSISO17126:2005IS:62171 O5002(E) I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevr iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Principle. 2 5 Materi

14、als. 2 6 Apparatus 2 7 Procedure 3 7.1 Testing of samples of soil and other test materials 3 7.2 Testing of chemicals. 3 7.3 Temperature and light regime . 4 7.4 Water content 4 7.5 Reference substance 4 7.6 Preparation and start of test dishes 4 7.7 Test duration. 5 7.8 Measurements. 5 7.9 Recordin

15、gs 5 8 Expression of results 5 9 Validity of the test . 6 10 Test report. 6 Bibliography . 7 BSISO17126:2005IS:62171 O5002(E) iv I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevrForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies).

16、The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-g

17、overnmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2

18、. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a

19、vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 17126 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 4, Biol

20、ogical methods. BSISO17126:2005IS:62171 O5002(E) I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevr vIntroduction For the assessment of the suitability of soil to sustain living organisms, there is a need for simple, rapid, inexpensive biological test methods as a complement to chemical analysis. The method described in

21、 this International Standard has been developed for the testing of contaminated soil as well as other contaminated samples. It is cost effective and can be conducted within a short period of time. Furthermore, the test organism is easily available, it does not require advanced equipment for measurem

22、ents or for growing plants, and it can be conducted by any skilled laboratory technician without special training. This International Standard is based on US EPA 600/3-88-029 (1989) 1 . BSISO17126:2005blank 5002:62171OSISBINTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS:62171 O5002(E)I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevr 1Soil qu

23、ality Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora Screening test for emergence of lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa L.) 1 Scope This International Standard specifies test procedures for the determination of effects of contaminated soils or other contaminated samples on the emergence of

24、lettuce seeds. This International Standard is applicable to contaminated soils, soil materials, compost, sludge and chemical testing. It is applicable to the measurement of effects of substances deliberately added to the soil and to the comparison of soils of known and unknown quality. This Internat

25、ional Standard is not applicable to volatile contaminants. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (in

26、cluding any amendments) applies. ISO 10381-6, Soil quality Sampling Part 6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil for the assessment of aerobic microbial processes in the laboratory ISO 10390, Soil quality Determination of pH ISO 11265, Soil quality Determination of the specific e

27、lectrical conductivity ISO 11267:1999, Soil quality Inhibition of reproduction of Collembola (Folsomia candida) by soil pollutants ISO 11274, Soil quality Determination of the water-retention characteristic Laboratory methods ISO 11465, Soil quality Determination of dry matter and water content on a

28、 mass basis Gravimetric method 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 seedling emergence appearance of the seedling (i.e. visible seedling) above the surface of the cover material 3.2 ECx concentration of test material (or test subst

29、ance) estimated to reduce the seedling emergence by x % as compared to the control BSISO17126:2005IS:62171 O5002(E) 2 I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevr3.3 test material material to be tested EXAMPLES Soils, soil materials, compost, sludge. 3.4 test mixture mixture of test material (or test substance) an

30、d growth medium 4 Principle Lettuce seeds are exposed to the test material under investigation in a geometric dilution series with test material and growth medium. Incubation takes place under controlled conditions of light and temperature, and lasts usually 5 days (120 h). It is also possible to us

31、e this International Standard for chemical testing. In this case, seeds are planted in control pots and in pots containing soil to which the test chemical has been added. At the end of the test, the number of seedlings visible above the sand are counted and recorded. The effect on seedling emergence

32、 is expressed as EC50 (possibly EC20), calculated from numbers of emerged seedlings in the control pots (pure growth medium) and in pots containing the test material (or test substance). 5 Materials 5.1 Biological material, in this case lettuce seeds, Lactuca sativa L. Seeds coated with insecticides

33、 and/or fungicides (“dressed” seeds) should be avoided. After purchase, examine the seeds and remove any trash, empty hulls and damaged seeds. A uniform emergence is dependent on uniform seed size. To reduce variability of emergence, the seed batch may be sized before use by means of four sieves wit

34、h oblong holes (see 6.4) placed on top of each other. In this case, select for testing the fraction with the largest number of seeds. Pack the seeds in small portions in air-tight containers. The storage time of the seeds should not exceed the expiration date given by the supplier. Storage at 4 C is

35、 recommended but good emergence may also be accomplished by storage in the dark at 18 C. The seeds should not be soaked in water before testing. 5.2 Growth medium, in this case washed, fine quartz sand, e.g. with grain size 0,4 mm to 0,8 mm. 5.3 Cover material, in this case washed, coarse quartz san

36、d, e.g. with grain size 0,7 mm to 1,2 mm (possibly 0,8 mm to 1,4 mm). The coarse quality of the cover material ensures air exchange between the growth medium and the surroundings. 6 Apparatus Standard laboratory equipment (pH-meter, thermometer, pipettes, etc.) including the following. 6.1 Balance,

37、with an accuracy of 0,1 g. 6.2 Lower parts of plastic Petri dishes (diameter 15 cm), or other containers with similar surface area, for use as test containers. BSISO17126:2005IS:62171 O5002(E) I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevr 36.3 Re-sealable polyethylene bags that fit the test containers (20 cm 25 cm

38、for a 15 cm Petri dish). 6.4 Sieves for seeds, with oblong mesh dimensions of 0,75 mm 10 mm, 0,8 mm 10 mm, 0,85 mm 10 mm and 0,9 mm 10 mm. 6.5 Sieve for contaminated soil, stainless steel, with mesh size 2 mm. 6.6 Controlled environment chamber: 6.7 Magnifier 7 Procedure 7.1 Testing of samples of so

39、il and other test materials Usually the test material is not dried before the test. If necessary, upon reception air-dry it at room temperature to a water content that enables sieving. Immediately thereafter, sieve the test material through a stainless steel sieve (6.5) and store in the dark at 4 C

40、2 C until testing (in accordance with ISO 10381-6). Preferentially, storage should not exceed three months but if prolonged storage is necessary, it shall be stored at 18 C. For sieving, a mesh size of 2 mm is preferable but if this is not possible, coarser sieves (e.g. 5 mm) may be used. Determine

41、the following properties of the sieved test material and register them prior to the test: water content (in accordance with ISO 11465); water-holding capacity (in accordance with ISO 11274, or alternatively Annex C of ISO 11267:1999); conductivity (in accordance with ISO 11265); pH (in accordance wi

42、th ISO 10390). The water content and water-holding capacity of the test material and the water-holding capacity of the growth medium are used for calculation of the amounts of water to be used for the test. Before the test, weigh and mix the moist test material and the dry growth medium. Use a geome

43、tric dilution series between test material and growth medium (minimum of 5 concentrations), for which the dilution factor should not exceed two. The range of concentrations should include those at which 0 (or minimum) and 100 % emergence are expected, e.g. based on a preliminary test (7.6.1). The ca

44、lculations are based on dry mass, and the concentrations are calculated and expressed as grams dry mass test material per gram dry mass test mixture (i.e. test material and growth medium). NOTE A commonly used dilution factor is 4 10 which is approximately 1,8, resulting in concentrations of e.g. 10

45、, 18, 32, 56, 100. 7.2 Testing of chemicals 7.2.1 General For testing of chemicals, the test is basically conducted with growth medium only and the chemical is added to the growth medium. The concentration of the chemical is calculated based on the dry mass of the growth medium using the data report

46、ed in Clause 8. BSISO17126:2005IS:62171 O5002(E) 4 I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevr7.2.2 Water-soluble substances Dissolve the chemical in water and add to the test dishes with the moisturizing water (see 7.4). 7.2.3 Substances insoluble in water Dissolve the test substance in a volume as small as poss

47、ible of a suitable organic solvent (e.g. acetone or ethanol). Then mix this solution (maximum 1 ml of solvent) with 10 g of the test growth medium per treatment and replicate. Allow the solvent to evaporate, add 90 g of growth medium and mix carefully in order to achieve a homogeneous distribution.

48、A set of control dishes should be prepared using the same amount of solvent. 7.3 Temperature and light regime Incubate in a controlled environmental chamber at the optimum temperature that allows germination of the lettuce seeds. This may depend on the strain used (e.g. some strains germinate at 24

49、C while other seeds do not tolerate temperatures exceeding 20 C). The temperature should be kept constant within 2 C of the selected temperature. During the first 48 h, store the test units in complete darkness. Thereafter, a diurnal cycle (16 h light, 8 h dark) should be maintained with fluorescent light at 4 300 lx 430 lx (30 E/m 2 /s 3 E/m 2 /s) for the remaining test period. 7.4 Water