1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 17422:2002 Plastics Environmental aspects General guidelines for their inclusion in standards ICS 13.020.01; 83.080.01 BS ISO 17422:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Materials and Chemicals Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was pu
2、blished under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 23 October 2002 BSI 23 October 2002 ISBN 0 580 40610 5 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 17422:2002 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was e
3、ntrusted to Technical Committee PRI/-/1, UK Co-ordination. For International work on plastics, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publ
4、ications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the ne
5、cessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the in
6、terpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 12, an insid
7、e back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Reference number ISO 17422:2002(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17422 First edition 2002-09-15 Plastics Environmental
8、aspects General guidelines for their inclusion in standards Matires plastiques Aspects lis lenvironnement Lignes directrices gnrales pour leur prise en compte dans les normes BSISO17422:2002BSISO17422:2002iiIS:22471 O2002(E) I SO 2002 All irthgs ersedevr iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Norm
9、ative references 2 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Inclusion of environmental aspects in standards . 3 4.1 General . 3 4.2 Test method standards. 3 4.3 Product standards. 4 Annex A (informative) Scope and limitations of life cycle analysis 6 Bibliography 11 BSISO17422:2002iiiIS:22471 O2002(E) vi I SO 2
10、002 All irthgs ersedevrForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in
11、a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commissi
12、on (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical c
13、ommittees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent right
14、s. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 17422 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics. Annex A of this International Standard is for information only. BSISO17422:2002ivINTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS:22471 O2002(E)I SO 2002 All irthgs ersedev
15、r 1Plastics Environmental aspects General guidelines for their inclusion in standards 1 Scope This International Standard provides a structure for inclusion of environmental aspects in standards for plastics products. It proposes an approach which is directed at minimizing any adverse environmental
16、impact without detracting from the primary purpose of ensuring adequate fitness for use of the products under consideration. The guidance provided by this International Standard is intended primarily for use by standards writers. Over and above its primary purpose, however, the standard provides gui
17、dance of value to those involved in design work and other activities where environmental aspects of plastics are being considered. NOTE This International Standard is intended to promote the following practices: a) the use of techniques for identifying and assessing the environmental impact of techn
18、ical provisions in standards, and for minimizing their adverse effects; b) the adoption of good practices such as: 1) procedures for pollution avoidance, 2) material and energy conservation in the light of the intended use (and foreseeable misuse) of the product, 3) safe use of hazardous substances,
19、 4) avoidance of technically unjustifiable restrictive practices, 5) promotion of performance criteria rather than exclusion clauses such as are based, for example, only on chemical composition criteria; c) the adoption of a balanced approach in standards development to issues such as environmental
20、impact, product function and performance, health and safety, and other regulatory requirements; d) the regular review and revision of existing standards in the light of technical innovations, permitting improvement in the environmental impact of products and processes; e) the application of life cyc
21、le analytical approaches wherever applicable and technically justifiable. BSISO17422:20021IS:22471 O2002(E) 2 I SO 2002 All irthgs ersedevr2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International St
22、andard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated
23、 below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 472:1999, Plastics Vocabulary ISO Guide 64:1997, Guide for the inclusion of environmental aspects in product sta
24、ndards 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 design a creative activity that, based on expressed or implied needs, existing means and technological possibilities, results in the definition of technical solutions for a
25、product that can be commercially manufactured or fabricated into prototypes FD X 30-310:1998 3.2 eco-profile partial life cycle inventory analysis beginning at the raw-material extraction phase and ending at the point where the plastics product (see 3.8) is ready for transfer to the next operator in
26、 the supply chain (so called cradle-to-gate analysis) 3.3 environmental aspect element of an organizations activities, products or services that can interact with the environment ISO 14001:1996 3.4 environmental impact any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially
27、 resulting from an organizations activities, products or services ISO 14001:1996 3.5 environmental provision normative element of a standard that specifies measures for minimizing adverse environmental impact of a test method, material or product 3.6 life cycle consecutive and interlinked stages of
28、a product system, from raw material acquisition or generation of natural resources to the final disposal ISO 14040:1997 BSISO17422:20022IS:22471 O2002(E) I SO 2002 All irthgs ersedevr 33.7 life cycle assessment LCA compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and potential environmental impacts
29、 of a product system throughout its life cycle ISO 14040:1997 3.8 plastics product any material or combination of materials, semi-finished or finished product that is within the scope of ISO/TC 61 3.9 product standard a standard that specifies requirements to be fulfilled by a product or group of pr
30、oducts 4 Inclusion of environmental aspects in standards 4.1 General In the preparation of International Standards, close co-ordination within and among sub-committees and working groups responsible for different plastics products or processes is necessary in order to create a coherent approach to t
31、he incorporation of environmental provisions. Appropriate co-ordination will ensure that such activity on environmental provisions will neither retard nor inhibit the normal standards development process. Any plan to prepare a new standard or to revise an existing standard with inclusion of environm
32、ental provisions should define, as far as possible, both the purpose of the standard and its expected major users. This exercise will help to determine how the standard is likely to be used, for example for quality control or for conformity assessment, to identify the relevant environmental aspects
33、and to assess the users level of expertise, needs and expectations. Standards should be drafted with a view to providing provisions which eliminate or reduce any identified environmental hazards, and, where possible, these provisions should be expressed in terms of verifiable preventive measures. Re
34、quirements for preventive measures should be expressed precisely, clearly and with technical accuracy, and the requirements for verification should be clearly stated. Whenever appropriate, the standard should state what environmentally relevant information has to be provided to persons involved with
35、 the product or process. NOTE Use should be made of terminology as defined by ISO 472. This International Standard additionally includes environmental terms. 4.2 Test method standards 4.2.1 General International standards for the testing of plastics products should also provide scope for application
36、 of ISO Guide 64 by drawing attention to the importance of product sustainability issues such as resource conservation and pollution prevention. Where such issues are already being addressed (for example, within ISO/TC 61/SC 6, Ageing, chemical and environmental resistance), this fact should be brou
37、ght to the attention of the users of the standards by means of an introductory statement within the text of the standard. Standards writers should take this into account whenever existing standards are being revised or new ones are being prepared. NOTE To avoid unnecessary proliferation of tests, st
38、andards writers should consider combining, or selecting between, similar test methods that are used for measuring identical product properties. BSISO17422:20023IS:22471 O2002(E) 4 I SO 2002 All irthgs ersedevr4.2.2 Minimization of adverse environmental impact When test method standards are being wri
39、tten or revised, their associated environmental impact should be evaluated; test equipment and procedures should be reviewed to minimize adverse environmental impact. Such reviews should not in any way compromise the fitness for purpose of the test apparatus or procedure. Once a new test standard wi
40、th reduced adverse environmental impact has been developed in replacement of an existing procedure, it should be validated and, thereafter, the existing test standard withdrawn. The following considerations apply: a) Any substance specified in a standard that becomes the subject of well-founded envi
41、ronmental concern should include the relevant clauses taken from the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Whenever possible, such a substance should be replaced by a substance with less adverse environmental impact. b) Some test method standards may of necessity call for the use of substan
42、ces that could represent an environmental hazard. In such cases, the standard should include an introductory statement such as: WARNING Certain procedures specified in this International Standard may involve the use or generation of substances, or the generation of waste, that could constitute a loc
43、al environmental hazard. Reference should be made to appropriate documentation on safe handling and disposal after use. This should be followed, at the appropriate place within the standard, by a specific warning statement such as: WARNING Attention is drawn to the potential local environmental haza
44、rd deriving from the specified use of. name of chemical. 4.2.3 Minimization of material and energy usage The usage of materials and energy is affected by many factors such as the scale of the test, the specimen size and the number of specimens, the required levels of reproducibility and repeatabilit
45、y, and the power specifications of the test equipment. Test method standards should be designed with a view to minimizing material and energy usage without compromising the quality of the test result obtained through use of the standard. Where appropriate, guidance should be given to the user of the
46、 standard on how to minimize the use of material and energy. 4.3 Product standards 4.3.1 General Writers of plastics product standards should incorporate a general introductory statement highlighting the fact that ISO 17422 and ISO Guide 64 have been taken into account in the preparation of the stan
47、dard. In addition, ISO 17422 and ISO Guide 64 should be cited systematically as normative references within future plastics product standards for the benefit of the users of such standards. 4.3.2 Product functionality Designing a product made of, or incorporating, plastic should avoid over-simplific
48、ation of material-selection criteria. A balance should be maintained between the overriding functional requirements of the product and the potential adverse environmental impacts that are to be determined in the context of the product/application system. BSISO17422:20024IS:22471 O2002(E) I SO 2002 A
49、ll irthgs ersedevr 54.3.3 Environmental aspects in product standards Optimization of an environmental approach in the development of plastics product standards will usually involve the following stages: a) the pre-selection of those materials ensuring appropriate technical and environmental performance as well as regulatory compliance throughout the intended service life; b) short-listing of functional materials that eliminate or minimiz
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