1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 17546:2016Space systems Lithium ionbattery for space vehicles Design and verificationrequirementsBS ISO 17546:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 17546:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted t
2、o TechnicalCommittee ACE/68, Space systems and operations.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The Bri
3、tish Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 85625 9ICS 49.140Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 201
4、6.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 17546:2016 ISO 2016Space systems Lithium ion battery for space vehicles Design and verification requirementsSystmes spatiaux Batteries ions lithium pour vhicules spatiaux Exigences de vrification et de conceptionINTER
5、NATIONAL STANDARDISO17546First edition2016-03-01Reference numberISO 17546:2016(E)BS ISO 17546:2016ISO 17546:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reprodu
6、ced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.I
7、SO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 17546:2016ISO 17546:2016(E)Foreword vIntroduction vi1 Scope . 11.1 Life cycle . 11.2 Performance 21.3 Safety . 21.4 Logistics 32 Normative refer
8、ences 33 Terms and definitions . 34 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 75 Cell . 85.1 Performance 85.1.1 Purpose 85.1.2 Terminology . 85.1.3 Requirement for quality assurance . 95.1.4 Cell qualification test .105.1.5 Models for analysis .125.2 Safety 125.2.1 Purpose . 125.2.2 Definitions and control of
9、 dangerous phenomenon 125.2.3 Safety testing 135.3 Logistics . 155.3.1 Purpose . 155.3.2 Cell manufacturing, storage and testing .165.3.3 Safety measure for handling . 175.3.4 Cell transportation 176 Battery 176.1 Performance . 176.1.1 Purpose . 176.1.2 Terminology 176.1.3 Basic performance .196.1.4
10、 Life test demonstration . 206.1.5 Design requirements .216.1.6 Requirement of quality management .226.2 Safety 266.2.1 Purpose . 266.2.2 Definitions of dangerous phenomenon .276.2.3 Technical requirement .286.2.4 Safety testing 306.3 Logistics . 326.3.1 Purpose . 326.3.2 Manufacture/assembly storag
11、e and testing 336.3.3 Safety measure for handling . 346.3.4 Transportation 347 Battery onboard space vehicle 347.1 Performance . 347.1.1 Purpose . 347.1.2 Basic performance .347.1.3 Design requirement 357.1.4 Preparation for handling, transportation 357.2 Safety 357.2.1 Purpose . 35 ISO 2016 All rig
12、hts reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 17546:2016ISO 17546:2016(E)7.2.2 Definitions of dangerous phenomenon .367.2.3 Technical requirement .367.3 Logistics . 367.3.1 Purpose . 367.3.2 Safety measure for handling . 367.3.3 Integration to the space vehicle . 367.3.4 Battery maintenance on the space vehic
13、le .377.3.5 Battery transportation equipped in space vehicle 378 Launch site .378.1 Performance . 388.1.1 Purpose . 388.1.2 Degradation calculation in launch site .388.2 Safety 388.2.1 Purpose . 388.2.2 Definitions of dangerous phenomenon .388.3 Logistics . 398.3.1 Purpose . 398.3.2 Safety measure f
14、or handling . 398.3.3 Preparation for transportation . 398.3.4 Battery testing (health checking after transportation) .398.3.5 Battery storage at launch site 408.3.6 Integration to the space vehicle . 418.3.7 Battery monitoring preceding launch 419 Mission in orbit and end of life .41Annex A (normat
15、ive) Parameter measurement tolerances.42Annex B (informative) Example of cell qualification test .43Annex C (informative) Hazard identification method .44Annex D (normative) Safety measure for handling 46Annex E (normative) Transportation .48Bibliography .52iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 1754
16、6:2016ISO 17546:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a
17、 subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commissio
18、n (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should
19、 be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for iden
20、tifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the conven
21、ience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword -
22、 Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee SC 14, Space systems and operations. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 17546:2016ISO 17546:2016(E)IntroductionThis International Standard has been developed for the purpos
23、e of addressing the standard to obtain sustainable development and to prevent incident of lithium ion battery for space vehicle.For battery developer and spacecraft system architects, this International Standard leads the way to assess the whole life cycle “from electrolyte filling to the end of the
24、 mission in space” and to clarify what is considered in the battery design phase and the processes to reach the appropriate verification.It is important for lithium ion battery (LIB) for space vehicle to prevent performance defect in orbit and incident through the life cycle.The three objectives in
25、the life cycle, which are “performance”, “safety”, and comfortable “logistics”, aim to realize more reliable, more safe, and high efficient means at the same time for development of space vehicle batteries.We address each objective as follows.Performance“How to estimate the life degradation at end o
26、f life”Since LIB starts to degrade from activation, the consideration to meet the power requirement through the mission life is needed, that is, unaffected from handling conditions (temperature) and usage conditions in orbit (temperature, cycle, current or power and depth of discharge). Also, the ri
27、sk in orbit could be mitigated based on the life estimation and unexpected degradation could be carefully avoided throughout the whole life cycle.SafetyHere, we establish a complex risk assessment process that is easy to understand. The method was agreed internationally at ISO/IEC and is a tradition
28、al method for space use.LIB needs to keep some amount of the SOC to avoid significant capacity degradation, so that the specific consideration and care for handling are required because of potential hazard source.It is well known that LIB has specific risks with higher voltage when compared to other
29、 power sources and no saturation characteristic for overcharge.The important thing is that the process, which can result to a hazardous situation, does not always immediately result to an incident. Because of these risks, LIB is considered hazardous at all times. The risk assessment needs to become
30、very important to cover a variety of environment during the handling or use and history of stress.Logistics“How to bring the demand close to the general requirements to guarantee the safety and space quality”From a wide-ranging point of view, the most important thing is to conduct life cycle assessm
31、ent against performance and safety. For example, temperature history (especially high temperature history when cell is kept outdoors, where temperature is not controlled) and shocks/vibrations that cell receives during transport and electrical short when handling. Also, to reflect the results of han
32、dling or usage, measurement is needed.All the personnel who owed responsibility of development, design, and handling are desired to survey and estimate the influence of their assessment spontaneously to improve for sustainable development of space component. As a result, a third party can evaluate t
33、he validity of the design and verification.vi ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 17546:2016Space systems Lithium ion battery for space vehicles Design and verification requirements1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies design and minimum verification requirements for lithium ion rechargeable (
34、including lithium ion polymer) batteries for space vehicles.Lithium ion secondary electrochemical systems use intercalation compounds (intercalated lithium exists in an ionic or quasi-atomic form within the lattice of the electrode material) in the positive and in the negative electrodes.The focus o
35、f this International Standard is on “battery assembly” and cell is described as “component cells” to be harmonized with other industrial standards and regulations.“Performance”,” safety”, and “logistics” are the main points of view to specify.This International Standard does not address “disposal” o
36、r “recycle”; however, some recommendations regarding disposal are suggested.1.1 Life cycleThe service life of a battery starts at cell activation and continues through all subsequent fabrication, acceptance testing, handling, storage, transportation, testing preceding launch, launch and mission oper
37、ation.The scope of this International Standard addresses the shelf life, from cell activation to launch, although the life design and evaluations of the battery on the ground need to accommodate to the whole mission life in space.Each article in this International Standard addresses “performance”, “
38、safety”, and “logistics”, according to the each stage of lifecycle.NOTE Stages 3 and 5 include storage period which induce some performances verifications.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17546:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 17546:2016ISO 17546:2016(E)Table 1 Life cycle of lithium ion batter
39、y for space vehicleTotal lifecycle of lithium ion battery for space vehicleService life of lithium ion battery for space vehicleShelf life of lithium ion battery for space vehicleActivationStage 0 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Stage 6 Stage 7 Stage 8 Stage 9MaterialManufacture/InspectionCe
40、llManufacture/TestingCellTrans-porta-tionBatteryManufacture/TestingBatteryTrans-porta-tionSpace vehicleIntegration/TestingSpace vehicletransportationequipped batteryLaunch siteLaunchMissioninorbitEnd of lifeDeorbit1.2 PerformanceEvaluation items and methods of application for battery used for space
41、vehicle is explained. The focus of the applicability is on the performance characteristics at the end of life (EOL).The scope of the performance addresses terminology for the basic performance, typical usage (charge and discharge profile), quality assurance, testing method.1.3 SafetyThis Internation
42、al Standard follows the principle of ISO/IEC Guide 51.Classify the hazards while normal usage through the lifecycle and provide rationale for the dangerous phenomenon, such as fire, burst/explosion, leakage of cell electrolyte, venting, burns from excessively high external temperatures, rupture of b
43、attery case with exposure of internal components, and smokes. Typical risk analysis, hazard analysis and fault tree analysis (FTA) through the battery life cycle is suggested in this International Standard. Hazard control method is distributed and tailored into each stage of life cycle, to harmonize
44、 with other industrial standards.The safety test involves the items of “United Nations UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Part III, sub-section 38.3, (UN38.3)” or UL1642. Necessary minimum safety precaution is described as Lithium Ion Battery for Space Vehicle.Technical requirements are intended to re
45、duce the risk of fire or explosion when lithium batteries are used in space vehicle. The final acceptability of these batteries is dependent on their use in a space vehicle that complies with the requirements applicable for range safety or payload safety.These requirements are also intended to reduc
46、e the risk of injury to persons due to fire or explosion when prior to the launch site, transportation, battery testing and manufacturing.112 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 17546:2016ISO 17546:2016(E)1.4 LogisticsIn this International Standard, “logistics” means not only physical distribution or
47、 transportation but also descriptions on how to handle and care for and configuration (status or conditions of hardware and desirable environment) by each stage of lifecycle.Descriptions of logistics contain the precautions for “manufacture”, “assembling”, “handling”, “testing”, “storage”, “packing”
48、 and “transportation”.The scope of the logistics addresses the miscellaneous important precaution and rationale to maintain the performance and safety as a space vehicle battery, to harmonize with other industrial standards and regulations. Although, each item of relevant compliances is referred to
49、the original document because each document or regulation is revised independently.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 24113, Space systems Space debris mitigation requirementsIEC 61960, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid el
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