1、BS ISO 18400-102:2017Soil quality SamplingPart 102: Selection and application ofsampling techniquesBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 18400-102:2017 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18400-102:2
2、017. It supersedes BS ISO 10381-2:2002 which is withdrawn. Together with BS ISO 18400-104, BS ISO 18400-105:2017 and BS ISO 18400-206 it supersedes BS ISO 10381-6:2009 which will be withdrawn upon publication of all remaining parts of the BS ISO 18400 seriesBS ISO 18400-102:2017 is intended to be us
3、ed in conjunction with BS 10175:2011+A1:2013 and other members of the BS ISO series of standards as appropriate. Where there are differences in the guidance given in this standard and that in BS 10175:2011+A1:2013, the guidance in this standard takes precedence. The UK committee notes that this stan
4、dard covers a wide variety of situations in which investigations including sampling to determine soil quality might be carried out rather than being focused on potentially contaminated sites, as is the case in BS 10175:2011+A1:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical C
5、ommittee EH/4, Soil quality.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution
6、2017. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 80925 5ICS 13.080.05Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2017.Amendments/corrigen
7、da issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 18400-102:2017 ISO 2017Soil quality Sampling Part 102: Selection and application of sampling techniquesQualit du sol chantillonnage Partie 102: Choix et application des techniques dchantillonnageINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO18400-102First edition2017-0
8、1Reference numberISO 18400-102:2017(E)BS ISO 18400-102:2017ISO 18400-102:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any fo
9、rm or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonne
10、t 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 18400-102:2017ISO 18400-102:2017(E)Foreword vIntroduction vi1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 24 Principle 35 General aspects 45.1 Health and safety . 4
11、5.2 Preliminary information . 45.3 Sample types . 55.4 Sample size . 75.5 Available techniques 76 Selection of sampling techniques 206.1 General 206.2 Drilling rigs and ancillary equipment 227 General aspects of application 227.1 General aspects of field work 227.2 Environmental considerations . 237
12、.3 Cross-contamination . 257.4 Preparing to sample 267.5 Breaking out . 267.6 Collection of samples 277.7 Transport, storage, and preservation of samples.277.8 Backfilling of exploratory holes . 277.9 Disposal of waste materials 287.10 Personnel 288 Taking samples of top-soil and other near surface
13、materials 288.1 Undisturbed samples 288.1.1 General. 288.1.2 Procedure for use of sampling cylinders298.2 Disturbed samples 298.2.1 General. 298.2.2 Procedure 309 Sampling at greater depths 309.1 Undisturbed samples 309.1.1 Sampling from trial pits 309.1.2 Other sampling methods 319.2 Disturbed samp
14、les 319.2.1 General. 319.2.2 Agricultural sites, etc. .319.2.3 Contaminated sites .3110 Sampling stockpiles 3210.1 General 3210.2 Sampling equipment . 32Annex A (informative) Application of particular techniques .34Annex B (informative) Manually and power-operated sampling equipment .40Annex C (info
15、rmative) Illustration of some selected drilling and sampling equipment .47Annex D (informative) Sampling equipment for stockpiles 64 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 18400-102:2017ISO 18400-102:2017(E)Annex E (informative) Examples of large samplers .66Bibliography .69iv ISO 2017
16、All rights reservedBS ISO 18400-102:2017ISO 18400-102:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical commit
17、tees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the In
18、ternational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the d
19、ifferent types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. IS
20、O shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this do
21、cument is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in th
22、e Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .htmlThis document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 2, Sampling.This first edition of ISO 18400-102, together with ISO 18400-104, ISO 18400-105 and ISO 18400-206, canc
23、els and replaces ISO 10381-2:2002 and ISO 10381-6:2009, which have been technically and structurally revised. The new ISO 18400 series is based on a modular structure and cannot be compared to ISO 10381-2 and ISO 10381-6 clause by clause.A list of all parts in the ISO 18400 series can be found on th
24、e ISO website. ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS ISO 18400-102:2017ISO 18400-102:2017(E)IntroductionThis document is one of a group of International Standards intended to be used in conjunction with each other where necessary. It deals with various aspects of sampling for the purposes of soil investi
25、gation including agricultural, forestry, and contamination investigations, but is not applicable to investigations for geotechnical purposes. These are dealt with in the ISO 22475 series.ISO 22475-1 specifies the technical principles for the execution of sampling and groundwater measurements for geo
26、technical purposes. It describes and provides guidance on the application of many of the sampling techniques included in this document albeit in a different context. Many contractors engaged to carry out work in connection with environmental studies will be familiar with its often prescriptive requi
27、rements. It includes detailed design information for some equipment. It is to be noted that the nomenclature used in this document may differ in places from that used in ISO 22475-1 because of the different contexts and traditions in the fields of geotechnical and geo-environmental investigation.Gen
28、eral principles to be applied in the design of sampling programmes for the purpose of characterization of soil and identification of sources and effects of contamination of soil and related material are given in ISO 18400-1041). ISO 18400-1041)provides information about where to sample, the tests to
29、 be conducted, the type of sample, the depth of sampling and the required representativeness of the sampling system for sampling in respect of specific purposes.This document is part of a series on sampling standards for soil. The role/position of the International Standards within the total investi
30、gation programme is shown in Figure 1.1) Under preparation.vi ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 18400-102:2017ISO 18400-102:2017(E)Figure 1 Links between the essential elements of an investigation programmeNOTE 1 The numbers in circles in Figure 1 define the key elements (1 to 7) of the investigati
31、on programme.NOTE 2 Figure 1 displays a generic process which can be amended when necessary. ISO 2017 All rights reserved viiBS ISO 18400-102:2017BS ISO 18400-102:2017Soil quality Sampling Part 102: Selection and application of sampling techniques1 ScopeThis document gives guidelines for techniques
32、for taking samples so that these can subsequently be examined for the purpose of providing information on soil quality. It gives information on equipment that is typically applicable in particular sampling situations to enable correct sampling procedures to be carried out and representative samples
33、to be collected. Guidance is given on the selection of the equipment and the techniques to use to enable both disturbed and undisturbed samples to be correctly taken at different depths.This document does not cover: investigations for geotechnical purposes, though where redevelopment of a site is en
34、visaged, the soil quality investigation and the geotechnical investigation may sometimes be beneficially combined; sampling of hard strata such as bedrock; methods for the collection of information on soil quality without taking samples such as geophysical methods; collection of water samples (these
35、 are to be collected in accordance with appropriate International Standards on ground or surface water sampling; for further information, see the ISO 5667 series); investigations of soil gas about which guidance is provided in ISO 18400-204; investigation of radioactively contaminated sites.NOTE 1 “
36、Sampling technique” is defined in ISO 11074.NOTE 2 Guidance on the investigation and assessment of radioactivity in soils is provided in the ISO 18589 series.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirem
37、ents of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 3551-1, Rotary core diamond drilling equipment System A Part 1: Metric unitsISO 3552-1, Rotary core diamond drilli
38、ng equipment System B Part 1: Metric unitsISO 10097-1, Wireline diamond core drilling equipment System A Part 1: Metric unitsISO 11074, Soil quality VocabularyISO 18400-101, Soil quality Sampling Part 101: Framework for the preparation and application of a sampling planISO 18400-103, Soil quality Sa
39、mpling Part 103: SafetyINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18400-102:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 18400-102:2017ISO 18400-102:2017(E)ISO 18400-1042), Soil quality Sampling Part 104: Strategies and statistical evaluationsISO 18400-105, Soil quality Sampling Part 105: Packaging, transport, stor
40、age and preservation of samplesISO 18400-201, Soil quality Sampling Part 201: Physical pretreatment in the fieldISO 18400-2023), Soil quality Sampling Part 202: Preliminary investigationsISO 25177, Soil quality Field soil description3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms
41、 and definitions given in ISO 11074 and the following apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp3
42、.1cluster samplecomposite sample for which the increments are taken over a small area around a predefined sampling pointNote 1 to entry: Sampled area is typically about 0,5 m2to 1,0 m2.Note 2 to entry: Material sampled is taken from within the same stratum or from material with the same characterist
43、ics.3.2cutting cylindercylindrical device with removable top and base forced into the surface of exposed soil to obtain an undisturbed sample (3.7)3.3disturbed samplesample obtained from the ground without any attempt to preserve the soil structureEXAMPLE Sample obtained by using a hand auger.SOURCE
44、: ISO 11074:2015, 4.4.8, modified changed to read: from the ground3.4Kubina tinmetal box with removable top and base which can be forced into the surface of exposed soil to obtain an undisturbed sample (3.7)Note 1 to entry: Usually made to desired size from aluminium, galvanized steel, or stainless
45、steel sheet. Size varies, but a typical example might have an area of about 55 mm 75 mm with a depth of 40 mm. The sample, once obtained, can be used to determine bulk density or may be impregnated with resin prior to the production of thin sections for microscopic examination.2) Under preparation.
46、Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 18400-104:2016.3) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 18400-202:2016.2 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 18400-102:2017ISO 18400-102:2017(E)3.5spatial samplecomposite sample formed from evenly spaced increments of the same size take
47、n over a predetermined area which are then bulked togetherNote 1 to entry: The increments may be located according to a regular grid, random, or other pattern. In agricultural/horticultural land investigations, “N”, “S”, “W”, and “X” sampling patterns are commonly used.Note 2 to entry: The general p
48、remise is that the distribution of soil constituents is relatively homogeneous. Along the outline of such a pattern, a number of samples or increments are taken which are bulked and mixed to provide one (composite) sample for analysis.3.6spot samplesample from a discrete location made up of one or m
49、ore contiguous incrementsNote 1 to entry: May be a disturbed (3.3) or undisturbed sample (3.7).3.7undisturbed samplesample obtained from the ground with soil structure unaltered during sampling procedureNote 1 to entry: Special sampling equipment is used so that the soil particles and voids cannot change from the distribution which exists in the ground before sampling (these can provide volume-proportional or mass-proportional results).4 PrincipleSampling technique should be chose
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