1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 18436-7:2014Condition monitoring anddiagnostics of machines Requirements for qualificationand assessment of personnelPart 7: ThermographyBS ISO 18436-7:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18436-7:2014.It supersed
2、es BS ISO 18436-7:2008 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee GME/21/7, Mechanical vibration, shock and conditionmonitoring - Condition monitoring.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.
3、This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 78104 9ICS 03.100.30; 17.160Compliance with a British Standard cannot
4、 confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 18436-7:2014 ISO 2014Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Requirements f
5、or qualification and assessment of personnel Part 7: ThermographySurveillance et diagnostic dtat des machines Exigences relatives la qualification et lvaluation du personnel Partie 7: ThermographieINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO18436-7Second edition2014-04-01Reference numberISO 18436-7:2014(E)BS ISO 18436
6、-7:2014ISO 18436-7:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
7、 on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.
8、orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 18436-7:2014ISO 18436-7:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Classification of personnel (thermography) . 24.1 General . 24.2 Category I . 24.3 Ca
9、tegory II . 24.4 Category III . 35 Eligibility. 35.1 General . 35.2 Education . 35.3 Training . 45.4 Experience 46 Examinations 56.1 Examination content 56.2 Conduct of examinations 66.3 Supplementary examination . 6Annex A (normative) Training course requirements and minimum training hours for ther
10、mography personnel . 7Annex B (normative) Training course sub-topics 12Bibliography .15BS ISO 18436-7:2014ISO 18436-7:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Internationa
11、l Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO,
12、also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1
13、. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elem
14、ents of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations receive
15、d (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adhere
16、nce to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring, Subcommittee SC 5, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of ma
17、chine systems.This second edition cancels and replaces the first. edition (ISO 18436-7:2008), of which it constitutes a minor revision.ISO 18436 consists of the following parts, under the general title Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Requirements for qualification and assessment of
18、personnel : Part 1: Requirements for assessment bodies and the assessment process Part 2: Vibration condition monitoring Part 3: Requirements for training bodies and the training process Part 4: Field lubricant analysis Part 5: Lubricant laboratory technician/analyst Part 6: Acoustic emission Part 7
19、: Thermography Part 8: UltrasoundThe following part is planned: Part 9: Condition monitoring specialistsiv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 18436-7:2014ISO 18436-7:2014(E)IntroductionUsing thermography to monitor condition and diagnose faults in machinery is a key activity in predictive maintenanc
20、e programmes for most industries. Other non-intrusive technologies including vibration analysis, acoustic emission, lubricant analysis, and motor current analysis are used as complementary condition analysis tools. Those in the manufacturing industry who have diligently and consistently applied thes
21、e techniques have experienced a return on investment far exceeding their expectations. However, the effectiveness of these programmes depends on the capabilities of individuals who perform the measurements and analyse the data.A programme, administered by an assessment body, has been developed to tr
22、ain and assess the competence of personnel whose duties require the appropriate theoretical and practical knowledge of machinery monitoring and diagnostics.This part of ISO 18436 defines the requirements against which personnel in the non-intrusive machinery condition monitoring and diagnostics tech
23、nologies associated with infrared thermography for machinery condition monitoring are to be qualified and the methods of assessing such personnel. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS ISO 18436-7:2014BS ISO 18436-7:2014Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Requirements for qualification and a
24、ssessment of personnel Part 7: Thermography1 ScopeThis part of ISO 18436 specifies the requirements for qualification and assessment of personnel who perform machinery condition monitoring and diagnostics using infrared thermography.A certificate or declaration of conformity to this part of ISO 1843
25、6 will provide recognition of the qualifications and competence of individuals to perform thermal measurements and analysis for machinery condition monitoring using portable thermal imaging equipment. This procedure might not apply to specialized equipment or other specific situations.This part of I
26、SO 18436 specifies a three-category classification programme that is based on the technical areas delineated herein.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only th
27、e edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 13372, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines VocabularyISO 13374 (all parts), Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Data processing, communicati
28、on and presentationISO 13379-1, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Data interpretation and diagnostics techniques Part 1: General guidelinesISO 13381-1, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Prognostics Part 1: General guidelinesISO 17359, Condition monitoring and diagnostic
29、s of machines General guidelinesISO 18434-1, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Thermography Part 1: General proceduresISO 18436-1:2012, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Requirements for qualification and assessment of personnel Part 1: Requirements for assessment bodie
30、s and the assessment processISO 18436-3, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Requirements for qualification and assessment of personnel Part 3: Requirements for training bodies and the training process3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions gi
31、ven in ISO 13372 apply.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18436-7:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 18436-7:2014ISO 18436-7:2014(E)4 Classification of personnel (thermography)4.1 GeneralIndividuals assessed as conforming to the requirements of this part of ISO 18436 shall be classified in one of
32、three categories depending upon their qualifications. They shall have demonstrated the necessary skills in thermal condition monitoring for their category as indicated in Annex A.Personnel classified as Category II need to have all the knowledge and skills expected of personnel classified as Categor
33、y I, while personnel classified as Category III need to have all the knowledge and skills expected of personnel classified as Category II.4.2 Category IIndividuals classified as Category I are qualified to perform infrared thermography according to established and recognized procedures. Personnel cl
34、assified as Category I shall be able to:a) apply a specified thermographic measurement technique;b) set up and operate the thermal imaging equipment for safe thermographic data collection;c) identify, prevent, minimize and control poor data acquisition and error sources;d) perform basic fault detect
35、ion, severity assessment and diagnosis in accordance with established instructions;e) perform basic image post-processing (measurement tools, emissivity adjustments, span and scale adjustments, etc.);f) maintain a database of results and trends;g) verify the calibration of thermographic measurement
36、systems;h) evaluate and report test results and highlight areas of concern.4.3 Category IIIndividuals classified as Category II are qualified to perform infrared thermography according to established and recognized procedures. Personnel classified as Category II shall be able to:a) select the approp
37、riate infrared thermography technique and understand its limitations;b) apply thermography theory and techniques, including measurement and interpretation of survey results;c) specify the appropriate hardware and software;d) perform advanced fault diagnoses;e) recommend appropriate field corrective
38、actions;f) perform advanced image post-processing (image, trending, montage, subtraction, superimposition, statistical analysis, etc.);g) use generally recognized advanced techniques for infrared thermography and fault diagnosis in accordance with established procedures;h) prepare reports on equipme
39、nt condition, fault diagnoses, corrective actions and the effectiveness of repairs;i) be aware of the use of alternative or supplementary condition monitoring technologies; and2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 18436-7:2014ISO 18436-7:2014(E)j) provide guidance to and supervise Category I personne
40、l.4.4 Category IIIIndividuals classified as Category III are qualified to perform infrared thermography according to established and recognized procedures. Personnel classified as Category III shall be able to:a) develop and establish thermographic programmes, write working procedures and instructio
41、ns including determination of machines for periodic/continuous monitoring, frequency of testing, the use of advanced techniques;b) determine severity assessment, acceptance criteria and testing procedures for new, in-service and faulty equipment;c) interpret and evaluate codes, standards, specificat
42、ions and procedures;d) designate the particular test methods, procedures and instructions to be used;e) perform prognostics for fault conditions;f) recommend appropriate types of thermodynamic (radiation-, convection-, conduction-based) corrective actions;g) recommend appropriate types of machinery
43、engineering corrective actions;h) provide guidance to and supervise Category I and II personnel;i) recommend the use of alternative or supplementary condition monitoring technologies, andj) be able to manage condition monitoring programmes.NOTE It is the employers responsibility to ensure that Categ
44、ory III personnel have the necessary competency in the required management skills, for example creating budgets preparing cost justifications and managing personnel development.5 Eligibility5.1 GeneralCandidates should have a combination of education, training and experience to ensure that they unde
45、rstand the principles and procedures applicable to thermographic measurement and analysis.It is advised that all candidates have their colour perception assessed by the Ishihara 24 plate test. A record of test results should be retained and presented to the assessment body upon request. In the event
46、 that a colour perception deficiency, indicated by misreading four or more of the 24 plates, is detected during the Ishihara test, a further “task specific” test is to be carried out by the employer to ascertain whether the detected colour perception deficiency affects the individuals ability to sat
47、isfactorily perform analysis of thermographic data using colour palettes. Failure to pass this test may require the candidate to use a monochrome palette. This “task specific” test, and any requirement to use a monochrome palette, is to be documented and a record of the test made available to the as
48、sessment body upon request.5.2 EducationCandidates seeking classification do not need to provide evidence of formal education to establish eligibility. However, it is recommended that candidates for Category I and Category II have at least a secondary school graduate qualification or its equivalent.
49、 Category II and III candidates shall be able to manipulate simple algebraic equations, use a basic scientific calculator, and be familiar with the operation of personal computers. Successful completion of two or more years of mechanical technology ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 18436-7:2014ISO 18436-7:2014(E)or mechanical engineering at an accredited college, university, or technical school is highly recommended for candidates seeking classification to Category III.5.3 Training5.3.1 Introduction
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