1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 18649:2004 Mechanical vibration Evaluation of measurement results from dynamic tests and investigations on bridges ICS 17.160; 93.040 BS ISO 18649:2004 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 13 July 2004 BSI 1
2、3 July 2004 ISBN 0 580 44038 9 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 18649:2004 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee GME/21, Mechanical vibration and shock, to Subcommittee GME/21/3, Meas
3、urement and evaluation of mechanical vibration and shock, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this docum
4、ent may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract.
5、Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for cha
6、nge, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 26, an inside back cover and a back cover. The
7、 BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Reference number ISO 18649:2004(E) OSI 4002INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18649 First edition 2004-07-01 Mechanical vibration Evaluation of measurement
8、 results from dynamic tests and investigations on bridges Vibrations mcaniques valuation des rsultats de mesures relatives aux essais dynamiques et aux investigations sur les ponts BSISO18649:2004IS:94681 O4002(E) DPlcsid Fremia ihTs PDF file may ctnoian emdebt dedyfepcaes. In ccaocnadrw eith Aebods
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13、+ 10 947 22 1 11 xaF0 947 22 14 + 9 74 E-mail coirypthgiso.o gr We bwww.is.o gro Pulbisdehi n Switlrez dnaii ISO 4002 Allr ithgsr esedevrBSISO18649:2004IS:94681 O4002(E) I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Vibrat
14、ion measurement 2 4.1 General considerations 2 4.2 Monitoring of a bridge during construction and for commissioning 3 4.3 Monitoring of a bridge in service 8 5 Data analysis and method of structural identification 9 5.1 General. 9 5.2 Data analysis and domain 9 5.3 Digitizing 9 5.4 Identification of
15、 vibration characteristics in the time domain 9 5.5 Identification of vibration characteristics in the frequency domain 12 5.6 Structural identification and inverse analysis . 12 6 Modelling bridges and their surrounding environment 13 6.1 Modelling bridge structures. 13 6.2 Modelling of traffic loa
16、ds 14 6.3 Modelling of human walking and its dynamic effect. 15 6.4 Wind load. 15 6.5 Modelling of the ground for viaduct vibration . 15 7 Evaluation of monitored data and its application 16 7.1 Evaluation method and evaluation criteria. 16 7.2 Evaluation during construction. 16 7.3 Evaluation of st
17、ructural safety in service. 17 7.4 Evaluation of serviceability 18 7.5 Evaluation of environmental vibration 18 Annex A (informative) Data analysis in time and frequency domains 19 Annex B (informative) Identification of vibration characteristics 23 Annex C (informative) Modelling of walking load 24
18、 Bibliography . 25 BSISO18649:2004IS:94681 O4002(E) iv I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevrForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out thro
19、ugh ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collabor
20、ates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standa
21、rds. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of t
22、his document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 18649 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration and shock, Subcommittee SC 2, Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration and shock
23、 as applied to machines, vehicles and structures. BSISO18649:2004INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS:94681 O4002(E)I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr 1Mechanical vibration Evaluation of measurement results from dynamic tests and investigations on bridges 1 Scope This International Standard provides methodology for
24、 the evaluation of results from dynamic tests and investigations on bridges and viaducts. It complements the procedure for conducting the tests as given in ISO 14963 and considers the objectives of the dynamic tests, the techniques for data analysis and system identification, the modelling of the br
25、idge, and evaluation of the measured data. NOTE 1 The evaluation may seek to define all of the dynamic characteristics of each mode of vibration examined, i.e. frequency, stiffness, mode shape and damping, and their non-linear variation with amplitude of motion. These can supply information on the d
26、ynamic characteristics of a structure for comparison with those assumed in design, or as a basis for condition monitoring or system identification. The dynamic tests considered in this International Standard do not replace static tests. This International Standard gives guidance on the assessment of
27、 measurements carried out over the life cycle of the bridge. The stages of the life cycle that are considered are a) during construction and prior to commissioning, b) during commissioning trials, c) during specified periods throughout the life of the bridge, and d) immediately prior to decommission
28、ing the bridge. This International Standard is applicable to road, rail and pedestrian bridges and viaducts (both during construction and operation) and also to other works, provided that they justify its application. The application of this International Standard to special structures (cable-stayed
29、 or suspension bridges) requires specific tests that take into account the particular characteristics of the work. NOTE 2 Throughout this International Standard, “bridges and viaducts” are called “bridges”. The term “viaduct” is used only when it is necessary to distinguish between these. 2 Normativ
30、e references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. BSISO18649:2004IS:94681 O4002(E) 2 I
31、 SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevrISO 2041, Vibration and shock Vocabulary ISO 14963, Mechanical vibration and shock Guidelines for dynamic tests and investigations on bridges and viaducts ISO 14964, Mechanical vibration and shock Vibration of stationary structures Specific requirements for quality manage
32、ment in measurement and evaluation of vibration 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2041 and the following apply. 3.1 buildability property of a structure that enables construction to proceed in a safe, timely and economic fashion NOTE Th
33、e buildability of bridges may require construction to proceed in a strong wind, so wind effects on vibration may need to be monitored. 3.2 environmental compatibility environmental impact on a new bridge, which may need to be evaluated, involving wind effects, air noise and ground vibration 3.3 serv
34、iceability limit state beyond which a structure no longer satisfies the operating requirements such that it is no longer fit for purpose 3.4 monitoring programme of measurements, usually over a period of time, whereby changes in an appropriate parameter may be interpreted as indicating a change in t
35、he state of the structure NOTE It is important to establish a benchmark and allow for changes attributable to cyclic environmental factors such as diurnal or seasonal changes of temperature and humidity. 3.5 running safety property whereby traffic crossing a bridge at an appropriate speed is not del
36、eteriously affected in maintaining direction or stability 3.6 riding quality property whereby occupants of vehicles crossing a bridge at appropriate speed are not exposed to such levels of vibration as to adversely affect their comfort 4 Vibration measurement 4.1 General considerations The guideline
37、s for vibration measurements as given in ISO 14963 shall be observed and the quality requirements for these measurements as given in ISO 14964 shall be fulfilled. Measurements may be carried out on bridges under construction and in commissioning and on bridges in service. BSISO18649:2004IS:94681 O40
38、02(E) I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr 34.2 Monitoring of a bridge during construction and for commissioning 4.2.1 Objectives of vibration monitoring Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the relationships between the various stages involved in vibration monitoring. The objectives of vibration monitoring shall be
39、 specified as follows: a) evaluation of the accuracy and buildability of construction; b) evaluation of structural performance during construction and upon completion; c) assessment of the safety of the bridge during construction and upon completion; d) evaluation of serviceability upon completion;
40、e) evaluation of environmental compatibility; f) determination of the initial characteristics of vibration for maintenance and for calibration of the numerical model of the bridge in service; g) feedback to structural design. Uncertainty of results in each process of measurement and evaluation canno
41、t be avoided and there is a possibility to include uncertainty as shown in Figure 1. Therefore, reduction and qualification of measurement uncertainty and error are needed in the process. Figure 1 Flowchart of vibration monitoring of a bridge BSISO18649:2004IS:94681 O4002(E) 4 I SO 4002 All irthgs e
42、rsedevrFigure 2 Overview of vibration monitoring of a bridge BSISO18649:2004IS:94681 O4002(E) I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr 54.2.2 Evaluation of construction management 4.2.2.1 General Vibration measurements on bridges may be conducted during construction. For example, vibration tests on cables of c
43、able-stayed bridges or suspension bridges are used to control the tension of the cables. In order to control the profile of the bridge under construction, measurement of the vibration of cables is required. Dynamic measurements may also provide an indication of when high vibration levels will have a
44、n adverse effect on construction. 4.2.2.2 Evaluation of cable tension Dynamic characteristics are greatly influenced by the support conditions. Cable tension of a cable-stayed or suspension bridge is one of the main parameters for construction management. Vibration of cables is easily measured for t
45、he determination of the natural frequency of transverse vibration. This depends upon cable tension and is given by a well-known equation. In this case, the numerical model will need to consider bending rigidity and the end support of the cables. 4.2.2.3 Evaluation of buildability of construction Vib
46、ration measurements can provide the required information to determine when construction work is either unsafe or the quality control is likely to be adversely affected. If the bridge vibration and wind and earthquake excitation are continuously monitored, the decision can be made when an allowable l
47、imit is exceeded. 4.2.3 Characteristics for the evaluation of structural performance 4.2.3.1 General The natural frequency, damping and dynamic response of the structure and the surrounding area and sound propagation from/through structure are measurable characteristics which can be used for the eva
48、luation of structural performance. 4.2.3.2 Natural frequencies and mode shapes The natural frequency and its mode shape are easy parameters to measure. The support conditions and the temperature of the structure are major factors influencing natural vibration; hence they should be monitored before a
49、nd after construction. Geometrical non-linearity of flexible bridges and material non-linearity of superstructures on the substructure are aspects that should be considered. These aspects are as follows: natural frequencies; modal shapes; movements of shoe and boundary conditions of structures; geometrical non-linearity effects of the structure; material non-linearity of the ground; effects of isolator and vibration control
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